Ikati lasehlathini - okhokho bezinja ezifuywayo ezifuywayo. Kwakunalezi zilwane abantu abafuya kuzo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi eyedlule. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthambisa bonke abamele lesi sigaba. Amahlathi asahlala enanini elikhulu lamakati asendle esaba abantu, kepha abeka usongo olukhulu ezilwaneni ezincane.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ikati lasehlathini
Amakati asendle angamalungu eqembu lezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo. Isici esiyinhloko salesi sigaba sama-vertebrate ukondliwa kwentsha ngobisi. Isibalo sangempela sabadli balezi zinhlobo singama-5500 wezinhlobo.
Le nombolo ifaka umndeni we-feline, izici ezibalulekile ezibandakanya:
- ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle ekubambeni inyamazane (izilwane ziyathubeleza buthule, futhi ziyakwazi ukubuka nokujaha inyamazane);
- inombolo encane yamazinyo (uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele izidalwa, amakati anamazinyo angama-28-30 kuphela);
- ukumbozwa okukhethekile kolimi nge-papillae ekhonjiwe (edingekayo hhayi kuphela ekuhlanzeni uboya, kodwa nangokwesula inyama emathanjeni ezinyamazane).
Uhlobo oluthile lwalaba bantu lubizwa ngokuthi "Amakati". Leli qembu lihlanganisa ama-fimin amancane. Abamele abadume kakhulu bekilasi yihlathi nekati elifuywayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezifuywayo zibhekwa ngososayensi abathile njengezinsikazi zezilwane zasendle. Ukwehlukaniswa kwemigqa ye-feline kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-230 eyedlule.
Iqembu lamakati asemahlathini linezinhlobo ezingama-22 zabamele, zazo eziyi-7 eziyinhloko:
- I-Central Europe (uFelis silvestris silvestris);
- I-Caucasian (Felis silvestris caucasica);
- Wase-Afrika (Felis silvestris cafra);
- IsiTurkestan (Felis silvestris caudata);
- I-Omani (Felis silvestris gordoni)
- i-steppe (i-Felis silvestris lybica), i-subspecies - yasekhaya (i-Félis silvéstris cátus);
- Okwase-Asia (Felis silvestris ornata).
Abamele lesi sigaba batholakala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Uhla lwabo olukhulu yi-Afrika, i-Asia ne-Europe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati lasehlathini
Kulula kakhulu ukudida ikati lasendle nesilwane esinezinwele ezimfishane ngokubukeka. Lezi yizilwane ezinosayizi omncane, ezingafinyeleli kuma-kilogram ayi-7 ebudaleni. Ubude besilisa bufinyelela cishe kumasentimitha angama-90, abesifazane - abangaphansi kuka-75-80. Zihlukaniswa namakati ajwayelekile kuphela ngezidladla ezifushane nomsila (ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yezici zazo, ezinye izinhlobo ezikhiqizwe ngokukhethekile azihlukaniswa nezinhlobo zamahlathi).
Ividiyo: Ikati lasehlathini
Isici esihlukile sabantu basendle besigaba se-feline yisifinyeto esiyindilinga. Ukhethekile ngamehlo akhe ayindilinga nezindlebe ezimile, ezingunxantathu. Umlomo nawo awujwayelekile emakati. Amazinyo akhe mancane (kunalawo amakati ajwayelekile), kepha abukhali kakhulu.
Ijazi lezilwane lifushane, kodwa likhulu. Kukhona abantu cishe bonke abampunga (omnyama, okhanyayo, obomvu). Engutsheni yezinsikazi eziningi zasendle, imivimbo eguqukayo ibonakala ngokusobala, egijima kuwo wonke umzimba nomsila (lapho bethola khona ukucaciseleka okukhethekile). Ukuqothuka kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka. Emsileni, ijazi likhulu kakhulu futhi lide kancane. Izintshontsho, isici sezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, azikho. Izidladla zezilwane zihlonywe ngozipho abahle abahlehlekayo, okuyithuluzi eliyinhloko.
Uhlala kuphi ikati lasehlathini?
Isithombe: Ikati lasehlathini laseYurophu
Amakati asendle izilwane ezijwayelekile. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinezihlahla zamazwekazi amaningi.
Izindawo zokuhlala ezithandwa kakhulu ngabantu yilezi:
- IYurophu (ikakhulukazi izingxenye zayo zaseNtshonalanga neziphakathi). Ungahlangana nezilwane eSpain, e-Italy. Umkhawulo webanga enyakatho yiNgilandi kanye neBaltic Sea;
- ICaucasus. Amakati futhi ahlala emngceleni osenyakatho-mpumalanga nezinye izifunda ezazingaphansi kweSoviet Union;
- I-Asia. Ukuhlungwa okukhulu kwezilwane kuphawulwe enhlonhlweni esentshonalanga ye-Asia Minor (noma i-Anatolia).
Lezi zifunda zendawo yokuhlala yamakati asehlathini zisabalulekile nanamuhla. Ngasikhathi sinye, zenezelwa yizifunda eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine, kanye neMpumalanga Yurophu. Ummeleli ngamunye wamakati asendle uhlala endaweni yakhe yokuhlala. Indawo yayo icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha ama-2-3 (ezintabeni lesi sibalo singakhuliswa kaningana). Ngasikhathi sinye, ngesikhathi sokuseshwa kwesifazane, abesilisa bangahamba kakhulu kunemingcele yendawo yabo. Impilo yonke, izilwane zikhetha amahlathi aminyene axubile. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwendawo yokuhlala kungamakhilomitha ama-2-3 ngaphezulu kolwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kumakati asendle, ukuhleleka okulandelana kwempilo kuyisici. Endaweni evundile, lapho kuhlala khona isibalo esikhulu sezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, abesilisa balwa ngezibhakela zabo.
Izilwane zihlala zodwa. Ukubhangqa kwenziwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Bazama ukungasondeli ezindaweni zabantu. Imigodi yemithi ephansi isebenza njengezindawo zokukhosela amakati asendle (imigodi yemithi esetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa imbozwe ngotshani namaqabunga). Abantu abahlala ezintabeni bakhetha ukucasha emihosheni yamadwala, kanye nasemigodini emidala yezinye izilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kukhona imbobo yommbila nomgodi, ikati lizokhetha uhlobo lokuqala lokukhosela.
Manje uyazi lapho ikati lehlathi lasendle lihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani ikati lasehlathini?
Isithombe: Cat Forest Wild
Amakati athola ukudla ngokuzingela izilwane ezincane. Ukudla kwezilwane ezidla amahlathi kuncike kakhulu esikhathini.
Esimweni sezulu esihle, isisulu esiyinhloko somzingeli we-feline yilesi:
- izilwane ezincane (amagundane, izingwejeje, ama-chipmunks, ama-weasel, ama-mink, njll.);
- izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezihuquzelayo (amaxoxo, izinyoka, izibankwa);
- izinhlanzi (abamele abancane ababhukuda ikakhulukazi eduze kwamanzi);
- izinyoni (futhi ikakhulukazi amatshwele noma amaqanda ashiywe ngabazali abanamaphiko esidlekeni).
Amakati okuzingela akhetha lezo zinyoni ezihlala futhi zizalele phansi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ikakhulukazi abameleli ababukeka kahle futhi abesabi bamakati asendle bayakwazi ukunqoba unogwaja, inyamazane yenyamazane noma inyamazane imbala! Kuyiqiniso, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela lapho isilwane esikhulu sesivele sibuthakathaka futhi singakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha, kanye nokuvikela ekuhlaselweni yizilwane.
Ebusika, ukudla kuba kubi kakhulu. Ngenxa yeqhwa elinzima nesithwathwa, inani lezinyoni liyancipha, izilwane eziningi zikhetha ukulala ubuthongo noma zimane zihlale ezindlini ezifudumele, kanti izinhlanzi zicasha ngaphansi koqweqwe lweqhwa olumboze umfula. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzingela. Amakati kufanele alandelele phansi futhi alinde inyamazane yawo isikhathi eside. Kungenxa yezimo ezinzima zokuzingela ebusika lapho iningi lezilwane lizuza ehlobo. Amafutha anqwabelene uwagcina engagodoli futhi agcina izitho zisebenza ngokujwayelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebusika kuphela lapho abantu bezinkukhu abangakwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu. Lapha bantshontsha ngesibindi izinkukhu nezinye izilwane ezincane.
Amakati asendle azingela ebusuku kuphela. Isikhathi esihle sokunqoba inyamazane ukushona kwelanga nokusa (phakathi kwalezi zenzakalo, isilo silele endaweni yaso yokukhosela). Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma lina ebusuku, ikati liyenqaba i-hota.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi lase-Amur
Amakati asehlathini yizilwane ezithanda inkululeko ezithanda ukuhlala zodwa futhi azibekezeleli izimbangi ezisendaweni yazo. Ziyaqaphela emvelweni futhi zivame ukukhombisa ukuhlukumeza ezinye izilwane noma ukusondela kubantu (okungabonwa noma kuvakashelwa i-zoo).
Ukuthuka umuntu kujwayelekile nakulawo makati asehlathini abazama ukuwathambisa. Izilwane azizibolekisi ekuqeqesheni, aziboni abantu abasendlini njengenhloko futhi, empeleni, zigwema bonke omakhelwane. Awukwazi ukuba nesilwane esinjalo efulethini elincane. Udinga indawo enkulu - okungenani ihlobo lekotishi lasehlobo. Kuyafaneleka ukucabangela ukuthi isilo sithanda ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni futhi sihlole impahla yaso. Akufanele uyilinganisele kulokhu.
Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ethubeni lokuqala isilwane "esifuywayo" sizobalekela abaniniso, sikhetha impilo yasendle. Amakati asehlathini enza imisindo kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngesikhathi sensimbi, bathule kakhulu. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela kusuka "ezindebeni" zabo lapho ungezwa khona impempe, ukuhaywa kanye nokuhewula okuyisici sabo kuphela. Yonke le misindo izaliswa amakati lapho kukhona ubudlova ohlangothini lwabo. Izilwane zisabela ngokushesha okukhulu. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokubona okuhle kakhulu, ukuzwa okuthuthukisiwe nobuciko obukhethekile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikati lehlathi laseMpumalanga Ekude
Ngokungafani namakati ezifuywayo, ukukhwelwa ehlathini kwenziwa kanye kuphela ngonyaka futhi ikakhulukazi kusuka ngoJanuwari kuya kuMashi. Owesifazane nowesilisa bahlangene kumbimbi kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwenzalo. Amakati adonsa amakati ngephunga elihlukile elisakazeka ngemuva kokumakwa kwendawo. Abesilisa abaphendula iphunga baqala umzabalazo oshubile phakathi kwabo.
Owesifazane uvuma kuphela okuqine kakhulu kuye. Inqubo yokukhwelana yenziwa emgodini wesihlahla (ebangeni elifushane ukusuka emhlabathini) noma emgodini oshiywe esinye isilwane. Kulokhu, indawo yokukhwelana ihlelwe kusengaphambili ngenzalo encane. "Iphansi" limbozwe ngamaqabunga, utshani ngisho nezimpaphe zezinyoni. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwamazinyane, abazali bayahlukana futhi. Umama okhulelwe usala yedwa futhi ulindele ukuvela kwenzalo, ukuyinakekela kusengaphambili. Uhlela izindlu ngendlela engcono kakhulu yokubeletha.
Ukukhulelwa kwamakati asendle kuthatha izinyanga ezingama-2-4. Insikazi iyakwazi ukuzala amantshontsho kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-7 ngasikhathi sinye. Wonke amawundlu azalwa eyimpumputhe (i-epiphany ivela kuphela ngosuku lwesi-9 kuya kwele-12 emva kokuzalwa) futhi ayinakuzisiza. Zinesisindo esingama-gram angama-250 kuphela futhi azimile neze ngezidladla zazo. Abakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kosizo lomama emavikini okuqala empilo yabo. Umama unakekela amawundlu akhe ngothando nangokuthuthumela. Ubanikeza ukudla nokuphepha. Kuphela ngenyanga lapho amazinyane eqala ukukhasa ngokusebenzayo. Futhi kakade ku-2 - baya ekuzingeleni kokuqala nonina. Amakati asezinyangeni ezimbili ubudala anamandla kakhulu. Bayakwazi ukufuya kuze kube ngamagundane ayi-7 ngosuku, bengeze ekudleni ngobisi lukamama.
Amakati ezingane adlala kakhulu futhi afuna ukwazi. Bahamba ngokushesha endaweni yabazali futhi badabule ezihlahleni ngaphandle kokwesaba. Lapho sebenezinyanga ezinhlanu bengena ebudaleni. Amakati ashiya indawo yomama wawo bese eqala ukufuna indawo yawo yokuzingela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amakati ahlala ngaphakathi komama, kepha ahlomisa umhume wawo. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwezilwane kwenzeka lapho zinezinyanga eziyishumi.
Izitha zemvelo zamakati ehlathi
Isithombe: Ikati lasehlathini laseSiberia
Amakati asehlathini izidalwa ezishesha kakhulu futhi ezishesha ukushesha. Kunzima kakhulu ukuzishaya kwezinye izilwane. Ngenxa yekhono labo lokushesha lisuke egatsheni liye egatsheni (ubude beqa bungaba ngamamitha ama-3), hamba emahlathini futhi ubhukude, abamele ama-feline bacasha kalula kubaphikisi abangaba khona. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane zinezitha ezanele.
Okuyinhloko yilezi:
- Izimpungushe (eziyingozi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamakati asemahlathini, ngenxa yobubanzi bezimpungushe);
- Ojakalasi (basongela izinsikazi ezihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga yeYurophu nase-Asia);
- IMartens (izingela amakati ehlathi emahlathini ahlanganisiwe ase-Asia naseYurophu);
- I-Lynx (izilwane ezinjalo zisongela ikakhulukazi amakati ahlala enyakatho Nenkabazwe).
Umzingeli obaluleke kakhulu wamakati asemahlathini (ngendlela engajwayelekile). Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane kakhulu, bashaya ngokushesha amakati amancane, benelisekile ngenyama yabo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Yize iqiniso lokuthi izimpungushe zibhekwa njengezitha zamakati ehlathi, zona ngokwazo ziyazesaba lezi zilwane. Lapho ihlangana nekati lasendle, impungushe izokhetha ukushiya isidumbu esisibambile, ibuyele ekuyidleni kuphela lapho isilwane sesihambile.
Ngokuyinhloko, amakati aba yisisulu ngenxa yokuguga, ukugula noma ukulimala okunqanda ukuhamba okujwayelekile. Ezimweni ezijwayelekile, kunzima kakhulu ukuthola isilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati lasehlathini
Isibalo esiqondile samakati ehlathi endaweni yawo yemvelo asaziwa. Lokhu kuchazwa ukushintsha kwayo njalo.
Inani lezilwane liyancipha ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:
- Ukushisa amahlathi (okwenzeka ngenxa yezenzo zabantu ezinganembile);
- Izinga eliphakeme lodoti (ngenxa yalo, izilwane ezincane, amakati adla kuzo, zifa kakhulu);
- Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho (abazingeli abaningi balwela ukuthola ikati lasendle eliphilayo ukuze balifuyise).
Ukwehla kwesibalo sezilwane nakho kungenxa yezikhukhula, kanye noshintsho lomhlaba jikelele kwisimo sezulu, izilwane ezingalungelanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izindawo inani lekati lasendle laqothulwa. Kuze kube ngo-1927, abamele ababili besigaba se-feline babetholakala eBelarus: ama-lynx namakati ehlathi. Kuze kube manje, lezi zamuva azishiywanga kule ndawo. Izazi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwezilwane ngumsebenzi wabantu. Isifiso somuntu sokuba ngumnikazi wohlobo oluhlukile lwamakati noma ukuzicebisa ngokuwathengisa kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani labamele leli qembu endaweni yemvelo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukubuyisela inani lamakati amakati asendaweni yaseBelarus, kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthenga izilwane eMoldova ukuze ziqhubeke nokuhlala esifundazweni sasePolessky.
Ukube bekungekho ngenxa yezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zabantu (ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ukushiswa), inani lezilwane belizophakama kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amakati asehlathini okwamanje awekho engcupheni enkulu. Okuhlukile kungabhekwa njengokukodwa kuphela kwezinhlobo ezingama-22 ezikhona. Sikhuluma ngekati lasehlathini laseCaucasus (iFelis silvestris caucasica), elisohlwini lweRed Book eRussia.
Ukuvikelwa kwamakati ehlathi
Isithombe: Ikati lasehlathini elivela eRed Book
Amakati asehlathini aseCaucasus abhalwe ngokusemthethweni eNcwadini Ebomvu yaseRussia esigabeni "esingavamile". Isimo sezilwane uhlobo olulawulwa ngokukhethekile, olubonakala ngenombolo encishisiwe futhi luhlala endaweni elinganiselwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvikelwa okukhethekile okujwayelekile kwabamele abesilisa abanikezwa. Kwenziwa kuphela kwezinye izinqolobane zeCaucasus (Teberdinsky neSochi).
Ukwehla okuthile kwenani lamakati kuphawulwa ngemuva kobusika obude, obuneqhwa. Noma yiluphi ushintsho enombolweni luhlotshaniswa kakhulu nokwehla / ukwanda kokuphakelwa kokudla (izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, amakati adla kuzo). Ukuzingela okubhekiswe ezilwaneni akuvamile, ngakho-ke akubhekwa njengesizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kwabantu.
Inkinga yokwehlisa inani lamakati asehlathini aseCaucasus nokulondolozwa kohlobo luhlobene ngqo nesidingo sokwenza lula imisebenzi yokugawulwa kwale ndawo. Ngaphandle kokungabikho kwezinyathelo zokuvikela ezikhethekile, izilwane ezibalwe kwiRed Book zigcina izinombolo zazo zamanje. Iyancipha ebusika futhi iyanda ngentwasahlobo nasehlobo ngokuzalwa kwenzalo entsha. Azikho izindlela ezinqala zokongiwa kwemvelo ezihleliwe maduzane.
Ngaphandle kokuthi ngaphandle ikati lasehlathini cishe okungahlukaniseki nokufuywayo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaboni izici ekuziphatheni kwabo, isimilo, ukuzala. Lezi zilwane ezithanda inkululeko azizesabi izingozi futhi ngesibindi zihlasela izilwane ezinkudlwana ngosayizi. Basaba kuphela izinguquko zezulu kanye nezenzo zabantu ezingekho emthethweni eziwusongo lwangempela ezinombolweni zabo ...
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/24/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 54
