Ngokuqinisekile abaningi bezwile ngesilwane esiyingqayizivele njenge UDeveli waseTasmania... Igama layo eliyimfihlakalo, elethusayo nelisongelayo liyazikhulumela. Uphila impilo enjani? Iyiphi imikhuba enayo? Ngabe isimilo sakhe simbi futhi sinobusathane ngempela? Ake sizame ukuqonda konke lokhu ngokuningiliziwe futhi siqonde ukuthi ngabe lesi silwane esingajwayelekile siyasithethelela isidlaliso saso esingathandeki neze.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: usathane waseTasmania
UDeveli waseTasmania ubizwa nangokuthi uDeveli we-marsupial. Lesi silwane esincelisayo singesomndeni wama-marsupial adlayo nohlobo lwama-marsupial devils (uSarcophilus), okuwukuphela kwalo olumele. Umbuzo uvele ngokungenhloso: "Kungani lesi silo kwakufanele igama elingakhethi?" Ngakho-ke waqanjwa okokuqala ngamakholoni afika eTasmania evela eYurophu. Isilwane sabethusa ngokumemeza kwaso okubuhlungu, kokunye okwasemhlabeni nokwesabekayo, ngakho-ke sathola lesi sidlaliso futhi, njengoba kwavela kamuva, hhayi ngeze. Intukuthelo kasathane impela inolaka, futhi umlomo omkhulu onamazinyo abukhali nombala omnyama wejazi uqinisa kuphela umbono wabantu ngaye. Igama lohlobo luhunyushwe ngesiLatini ngokuthi "umthandi wenyama."
Ividiyo: Tasmanian Devil
Ngokuvamile, ngokucwaninga okuseduze kanye nokuhlaziywa okuningana kofuzo, kwavela ukuthi izihlobo eziseduze zikadeveli yi-marsupial martens (quolls), futhi kukhona ubudlelwane obukude kakhulu nama-thylacins (izimpisi ze-marsupial), manje ezingasekho. Lesi silwane sachazwa okokuqala ngokwesayensi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kwathi ngo-1841 isilwane esincelisayo sathola igama laso lamanje futhi sahlukaniswa njengesilwane sodwa esimele umndeni wama-marsupials adlayo e-Australia.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Udeveli waseTasmania wabonwa njengesilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esidala ama-marsupial emhlabeni wonke, lokhu kuqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni.
Ubukhulu bukadeveli we-marsupial bufana nobenja encane, ukuphakama kwezilwane kusuka ku-24 kuye ku-30 cm, ubude bomzimba busuka ku-50 kuye ku-80 cm, kanti isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-12 kg. Ngaphandle, uSathane ubukeka njengenja noma ibhere elincane, ukusika kwamehlo nomlomo kufana ne-koala. Ngokuvamile, uma ubheka isici se-marsupial esinjalo, umuzwa wokwesaba awubonwa, kepha, kunalokho, kwabaningi, angabonakala ejabule, emuhle futhi emuhle.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal Tasmanian Devil
Konke kucacile ngosayizi kasathane we-marsupial, kepha kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi owesifazane mncane kakhulu kunowesilisa. Kubuye kuhlukaniswe nokuba khona kwesikhwama sesikhumba, esivuleka emuva futhi sinezingono ezine ezifihlwe kuso. Ngokuvamile, umhlaseli unomthethosisekelo ominyene futhi onamandla. Kubonakala sengathi uyindida futhi uyindida, kepha lokhu akunjalo neze, uSathane unekhono elikhulu, unamandla futhi unemisipha. Imilenze yesilwane ayide, ubude bezidladla zangaphambili budlula kancane imilenze yangemuva, okuyinto engajwayelekile kuma-marsupials. Imilenze yangaphambili kaDeveli ineminwe emihlanu, uzwane olulodwa lubekwe kude kolunye, ukuze kube lula ukubamba inyamazane. Uzwane wokuqala emilenzeni yangemuva alukho, futhi izinzipho ezibukhali nezinamandla zesilwane ngobuciko zidwengula inyama.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nomzimba wonke, ikhanda likhulu ngokwedlulele, linomlomo ofiphele kancane namehlo amancane amnyama. Izindlebe zesilwane ziyindilinga futhi zibukeka zicocekile, zigqama ngombala wazo obomvana uma kuqhathaniswa nesizinda esimnyama. I-vibrissae ebonakalayo futhi ende ifaka ubuso bukadeveli, ngakho-ke iphunga lesilwane lihle kakhulu. Ijazi likademoni marsupial lifushane futhi limnyama, kuphela esifundeni se-sternum nangaphezulu komsila kukhona amabala amhlophe oblong abonakala ngokusobala, amabala amhlophe amhlophe nawo angavela ezinhlangothini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isimo somsila kaSathane sikhombisa impilo yesilwane. Umsila usetshenziswa njengendawo yokugcina yamafutha. Uma ondliwe kahle futhi egqoke ijazi elimnyama loboya, khona-ke isilwane sizwa sikhulu.
Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi i-marsupial devil inekhanda elikhulu, ngoba inemihlathi ekhulile futhi enamandla kakhulu, esebenza njengesikhali esesabekayo futhi esingenakunqotshwa. Ukulunywa okukodwa kobusathane kuhlaba umgogodla noma ukhakhayi lwesisulu. Ama-molars, njengamatshe okugaya, achoboza ngisho namathambo aminyene.
Uhlala kuphi usathane waseTasmania?
Isithombe: uSathane waseTasmania ngokwemvelo
Ukwahlulela ngegama lomzingeli, akunzima ukuqonda lapho inendawo yokuhlala unomphela. Udeveli we-marsupial uvamile esiqhingini saseTasmania, i.e. akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana naye ezimweni zemvelo kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwale ndawo. Ngaphambilini, umhlaseli wayehlala ezwenikazi lase-Australia futhi wayesakazeke impela lapho, ngakho-ke isimo sasineminyaka engaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule, manje azikho izici ze-marsupial endaweni yase-Australia, izinto eziningana ezingezinhle eziholele kule miphumela emibi.
Okokuqala, iphutha lokunyamalala kukaSathane waseTasmania kwaba ukungeniswa kwenja yasendle yedingo eya e-Australia, eyaqala ukuzingela okusebenzayo kwesidlakela se-marsupial, yanciphisa kakhulu inani labantu bayo. Okwesibili, abantu baqala ngokucekela phansi usathane ngonya ngenxa yokuhlasela kwakhe ngokudla amaqhugwane ezinkukhu kanye nokuhlaselwa kwamawundlu. Ngakho usathane wasemarsupial waqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi wanyamalala ezwenikazi lase-Australia. Kuhle ukuthi ezweni laseTasmania babengenasikhathi sokuliqothula, kepha sebekwenzile lokho, badlulisa umthetho owabeka umthetho ovimbela kakhulu noma yiziphi izenzo zokuzingela maqondana nalesi silwane esiyingqayizivele.
Okwamanje, izilwane zikhetha ukuhlala enyakatho, entshonalanga nasenkabeni yeTasmania, zihlala kude nomuntu obeka ingozi.
Izilwane zithanda:
- amahlathi;
- insimu yamadlelo ezimvu;
- i-savannah;
- indawo enezintaba.
Udla ini uSathane waseTasmania?
Isithombe: uSathane waseTasmanian e-Australia
Osathane baseTasmania bakuthanda kakhulu ukudla futhi bayiminzile kakhulu. Ngasikhathi, badla ukudla okwakha amaphesenti ayishumi nanhlanu esisindo sabo, futhi uma belamba kakhulu, khona-ke leli phesenti lingakhuphukela kokungamashumi amane.
Ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke kuqukethe:
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane;
- izibankwa;
- izinyoka;
- izinyoni;
- amaxoxo;
- zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane;
- amagundane;
- ama-crustaceans;
- inhlanzi;
- isidumbu.
Mayelana nezindlela zokuzingela, uSathane usebenzisa inqubo engenazinkinga yokuluma ugebhezi noma umgogodla, okwenza isisulu singasebenzi. Osathane abancane bayakwazi ukubhekana nezilwane ezinkulu, kodwa ezibuthakathaka noma ezigulayo. Bavame ukugudla imihlambi yezimvu nezinkomo, beveza ukuxhumana okuntekenteke kuyo. Amehlo acijile nephunga kuthumba konke okuzungezile, okusiza kakhulu ukufuna ukudla.
I-Carrion iheha izilwane ngephunga layo, ama-marsupial amaningi ahlangana esidunjini esikhulu esiwile, phakathi kwaso imvamisa yegazi evame ukuboshwa ngenxa yokuqoshwa. Ngesikhathi sedili, kuzwakala ukukhala kwasendle nokukhulu kwamademoni yonke indawo, kuhlatshwa izidumbu ezinkulu. Cishe akukho okusalile esidlweni esimnandi, akudliwa inyama kuphela, kepha nesikhumba kanye noboya, konke okungaphakathi kanye namathambo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Abasathane abathobekile futhi abakhethi ukudla, ngakho-ke, kanye nesidumbu, bangadla amahanisi alo, izingcezu zendwangu, amathegi epulasitiki amaka izinkomo nezimvu, amakhola.
Osathane baseTasmania bayakujabulela ukudla onogwaja basendle, ama-kangaroo ezingane, amagundane ama-kangaroo, ama-wombat, ama-wallabies. Abaphangi bayakwazi ukuthatha ukudla kwi-marsupial marten, badla izinsalela zesidlo sezilwane ezinkulu, bangakhuphuka izihlahla namatshe, lapho benza khona ukubhujiswa kwezidleke zezinyoni. Ukudla okuyimvelaphi yezitshalo nakho kukhona kwimenyu kasathane, izilwane zingadla izithelo, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezithile, futhi ngeke zenqabe izithelo ezinamanzi. Lapho ukudla kuyindlala, osathane basindiswa yizitolo zemisila zomsoco namafutha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngezikhathi ezinzima, ezilambile, udeveli we-marsupial uyakwazi impela ukudla nomfowabo obuthakathaka, ngakho-ke ubuzimu phakathi kwabo kwenzeka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: uSathane waseTasmania ovela eRed Book
I-marsupial devil ikhetha ukuhlala yodwa futhi ayiboshelwe endaweni ethile, izindawo zayo zokuhlala zingagudluka nezinye izihlobo, izingxabano zomhlaba emvelweni walezi zilwane kaningi azenzeki, zonke izingxabano zenzeka ngenxa yokuqoshwa kwesilwane esikhulu, noma ngenxa ucansi oluhle lwasathane. AmaMarsupial asebenza ebusuku, kuthi ngesikhathi sasemini acashe ezikhoselweni zawo, azihlomisa emihumeni, emigodini ephansi, ezihlahleni eziminyene, emigodini. Ngezizathu zokuphepha, kunezindawo zokuhlala ezifihliwe eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, khona-ke zivame ukuya enzalweni.
Njengoba sekushiwo, udeveli we-marsupial ulalele ukuzwa okuhle, ukubona nokuhogela, bangabhukuda kahle, kepha bakwenza lapho kudingeka kuphela. Abantu abasha bangazinqoba ngobuciko iziqongo zezihlahla, isizukulwane esidala esingakwazi ukuzenza. Ngezikhathi zendlala, ikhono elinjalo lokugibela emqhele womuthi lisindisa izilwane ezisencane kubantu bakubo abadala.
Osathane bakaMarsupial ukuhlanzeka okumangazayo, bangazikhotha amahora amaningi ukuze kungabikho phunga langaphandle eliphazamisa ukuzingela. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi izilwane zigoqa izingalo zazo zangaphambili ngesimo seladi ukuze zikha amanzi futhi zigeze ubuso namabele; izinqubo zamanzi ezinjalo ezilwaneni zivamile.
Izilwane zikhombisa ubudlova obukhethekile, ubudlova nobungqabavu lapho zisengozini noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyahlasela. Isimo sezilwane asilawulwa kahle futhi siyisilwane esidla lubi, futhi uhla lwazo lwamaphimbo lukwenza uthuke. Ezilwaneni, ungezwa ukuphefumula, nokukhwehlela, nokuduma okwesabisayo kobusathane, kanye nokubabaza okukhulu okuzwisa ubuhlungu okungazwakala amakhilomitha amaningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izazi ze-Zoologists zirekhode izinhlobo ezingama-20 zamasignali womsindo akhishwa ngamademoni aseTasmanian.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Tasmanian Devil Cub
Amademoni aseTasmania avuthiwe ngokocansi asondela eminyakeni emibili ubudala. Futhi inkathi yabo yokukhwelana iba ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Lapho kwakhiwa imifelandawonye yesikhashana, akukho phunga lokuqomisana lapha, izilwane ziziphatha ngokuthukuthela kakhulu futhi ziyaphanga. Izingxabano zivame ukuqubuka phakathi kwabesilisa. Ngemuva kokulingiswa, owesifazane othukuthele ngokushesha uhambisa umnumzane ekhaya ukuze alungiselele ukubeletha yedwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi bathole ukuthi osathane abamuva be-marsupial baqala ukuzala unyaka wonke, ngokusobala, yile ndlela izilwane ezizama ngayo ukugcwalisa izinhlu zazo ezimbalwa.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha cishe amasonto amathathu, kudoti kunezicucu ezingaba ngamashumi amathathu, ubukhulu bazo obufana nesithelo se-cherry. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, bagijimela esikhwameni sikamama, babambelele eboyeni bese bengena ngaphakathi.
AmaKutyat azalwa hhayi kuphela ama-microscopic, kepha angaboni futhi anqunu, kuphela lapho enezinyanga ezintathu aqala ukubona futhi athole ijazi loboya elimnyama, futhi lapho esondela ezinyangeni ezine ubudala aqala ukukhasa aphume esikhwameni, bese isisindo sawo sifinyelela kumagremu angamakhulu amabili. Kuze kube yiminyaka yezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, umama ubondla ngobisi lwebele, bese bashintshela ekudleni kwabantu abadala. NgoDisemba, abasha bathola ukuzimela okugcwele, beshiya impilo yabantu abadala nokuzimela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubude bokuphila kukaDeveli cishe buyiminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili.
Izitha zemvelo zedimoni laseTasmania
Isithombe: uSathane waseTasmania ngokwemvelo
Ngokusobala, ngenxa yemvelo yayo elukhuni nokulwa, udeveli we-marsupial akanazo izitha eziningi ezimweni zemvelo zasendle.
Abahlukumezi bahlanganisa:
- izinja zedingo;
- izimpungushe;
- ama-quolls;
- izinyoni ezidla inyama.
Ngokuqondene nezinyoni, ziyesabeka kuphela ezilwaneni ezincane, azikwazi ukunqoba usathane omdala. Impungushe yathulwa eTasmania ngokungemthetho futhi ngokushesha yaba imbangi yokudla nesitha sodeveli. Kusuka kudingo, isilwane sathuthela ezindaweni lapho izinja zingakhululekile khona. UDeveli obukeka eyivila we-marsupial ngezikhathi zengozi ngokushesha uyazihlanganisa bese ephenduka isidlakela esikhungathekisayo, semisipha nesingazinzile esingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-13 ngehora. I-Tasmanian nayo inenye indlela yokuzivikela - le yimfihlo ye-fetid efihliwe ngesikhathi sokwesaba, leli phunga ligxile kakhulu futhi linephunga kakhulu kunelezidwaba. Osathane bakaMarsupial basebenza njengezitha zabo, ngoba imvamisa, ngokushoda kokudla, abantu abavuthiwe badla izilwane ezisencane.
Izidlakudla zeMarsupial nazo zihlushwa isifo esibi esidala ukuvuvukala kobuso, aselapheki futhi izifo eziwubhadane zaso zivela njalo ngezikhathi ezithile njalo eminyakeni engama-77, zisusa inqwaba yezimpilo zobusathane. Ososayensi abakakwazi ukuthola ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka.
Umuntu angabalwa futhi phakathi kwezitha zikaDeveli we-marsupial, ngoba kungenxa yakhe ukuthi lo mhlali omangalisayo waseTasmania wacishe wanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba. Vele, manje lesi silwane sigadiwe kakhulu, isibalo saso sikhuphuke kancane futhi sesizinzile, kepha, noma kunjalo, imfuyo yathola umonakalo omkhulu ezandleni zabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: uSathane waseTasmania e-Australia
Njengoba sekushiwo, udeveli we-marsupial, owake wasakazeka kabanzi kulo lonke elase-Australia, wanyamalala ngokuphelele kuleli zwekazi, wasala edume ngesiqhingi saseTasmania. Isibalo sesilwane esiqhingini sehle kakhulu ngenxa yezenzo zabantu zobuqaba nokuxhamazela, ngakho iziphathimandla zase-Australia ngo-1941 zafaka ukuvinjelwa okuqinile kunoma yiziphi izenzo zokuzingela maqondana nalesi silwane. Ukuqhamuka kwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe ezesabekayo, izimbangela zazo ezingakacaciswa, kwathatha izimpilo eziningi zedimoni laseTasmania, inani eliphakeme lokugcina elenzeka ngo-1995, lehlisa inani labantu bakadeveli ngamaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, ngaphambi kokuba ubhadane lwalungo-1950.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Owesifazane unezingono ezine kuphela, ngakho-ke yingxenye encane kuphela yenzalo esindayo, uzidla yena ngokwakhe, ngakho-ke imithetho yokukhetha yemvelo.
Inani lemfuyo kasathane waseTasmania namuhla lihlala lincane, kepha izindlela zokuvikela zibe nomthelela wazo, ngakho-ke kancane kakhulu futhi kancane kancane, kepha imfuyo yayo iye yanda futhi yazuza ukuzinza, okuncane okungenani, kepha kuyaduduza. Uma phambilini lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwaluthathwa njengolusengozini, manje izinhlangano zemvelo zifuna ukuyinika isimo sokuba sengozini. Le nkinga ayikakaxazululwa ekugcineni, kodwa kunento eyodwa ecacile - lesi silwane sisadinga izindlela zokuzivikela eziqinile, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukusiphatha ngokucophelela nokunakekela okukhulu, futhi kungcono ukuthi ungaphazamisi impilo yobudemoni yasendle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-marsupial devil iphethe irekhodi lamandla okulunywa kwayo, okuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nesisindo somzimba wayo, kubhekwe njengeqine kunazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo.
Ukuqapha kwamademoni aseTasmanian
Isithombe: uSathane waseTasmanian ovela eRed Book
Isibalo sodeveli baseTasmania sincane, yize sesithole uzinzo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ukuvinjelwa okuqinile kokuzingela kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwalezi zilwane ezimangalisayo kube nemiphumela emihle. Phambilini, inani elikhulu lezilwane labhujiswa ngumuntu ngenxa yokuthi uSathane wahlasela imfuyo. Ngemuva kwalokho abantu baqala ukudla inyama yakhe, nabo abayithandayo, ngenxa yalokho inani lezilwane lehla kakhulu, futhi lanyamalala ngokuphelele ezwenikazi lase-Australia.
Manje, ngenxa yezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezamukelwe nemithetho eminingi, ukuzingelwa kwama-marsupials akuqhutshwa, futhi akuvunyelwe ukuyikhipha esiqhingini. Esinye sezitha eziyingozi kakhulu zikademoni marsupial yisifo esibi, esingakatholakali ikhambi laso.Le ndlela yomdlavuza esabekayo isike inani lezilwane cishe cishe isigamu esikhathini seminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
UDeveli waseTasmania ubhalwe ohlwini lweRed Book lomhlaba jikelele. Kubekwe engcupheni iziphathimandla zase-Australia. Ngokwezibalo zango-2006, inani lezilwane lalingama-80 000 kuphela, yize ngeminyaka yama-90 yekhulu elidlule bezingaba ngu-140 000. Iphutha ngumdlavuza onobungozi futhi osulelayo. Izazi zezilwane zikhala i-alamu, kepha okwamanje azikwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo. Enye yezindlela zokuzivikela ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezikhethekile ezizimele lapho izilwane ezingenagciwane zifuduselwa khona, ezinye zezilwane zayiswa ezweni lase-Australia uqobo. Kusathenjwa ukuthi imbangela yalesi sifo esiyingozi izotholakala, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi abantu bazothola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokubhekana naso.
Ekugcineni ngithanda ukungeza lokho UDeveli waseTasmania iyamangalisa kakhulu futhi ihlukile ngohlobo lwayo, ukutadisha kwayo kusaqhubeka, ngoba inentshisekelo engakaze ibonwe, phakathi kososayensi nabantu abavamile. I-marsupial devil ingabizwa ngokuthi enye yezimpawu zezwekazi lase-Australia. Naphezu kobudlova nentukuthelo yayo, lesi silwane siyakhanga ngobusathane futhi sihle, sesithole ukuthandwa okukhulu nothando phakathi kwabavakashi abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/26/2019 ngo-9: 22
