Umhlaba wethu uhlalwa yizilwane eziphila nasemanzini ezahlukahlukene. Omunye wabamele abathandekayo balesi sigaba sezilwane ngu i-trito ejwayelekilen. Lesi yisidalwa esincane kakhulu esivame ukudideka kubantu abavamile ngamasondo nangezibankwa. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele zezilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, ezingenazo izici eziningi ezivamile. Ungathola okuningi mayelana nama-newts ajwayelekile, izici zawo zangaphandle nokuziphatha kule ncwadi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Newt
Ama-newt ajwayelekile angabameleli besigaba esikhulu sezilwane: "Ama-Amphibian". Lolu uhlobo lwentsha oluvela ohlotsheni lwentsha encane, oluthathwa njengenye yeziningi kakhulu futhi esabalele emhlabeni. NgesiLatin, igama lesilwane lizwakala njenge- "Lissotriton vulgaris". Ngokokuqala ngqa lolu hlobo lwezilwane lwabonwa futhi lwachazwa nguKarl Linnaeus, isazi semvelo esidumile saseSweden. Futhi kwenzeka emuva ngo-1758. INewt, kufaka phakathi ejwayelekile, igama layo lahlonishwa unkulunkulu uTriton. Lo nkulunkulu uvame ukuboniswa egibele ihlengethwa, ecwiliswe kancane kumagagasi olwandle.
Ividiyo: Newt New
Ungayibona kanjani futhi uyihlukanise i-newt ejwayelekile kwamanye ama-amphibians? Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningana. I-newt ejwayelekile incane kakhulu. Ubude bayo abuvamile ukudlula amasentimitha ayishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamasentimitha ayishumi, ngaphezu kwengxenye kuhlala ngomsila. Isikhumba se-triton esinjalo si-grainy kancane noma sibushelelezi ngokuphelele, sipendwe ngomthunzi womnqumo oluhlaza noma onsundu onamabala amancane amnyama. Lezi zinhlobo zihlukile ezihlotsheni zayo eziseduze zamaswidi ngokuba khona kwemivimbo yobude ekhanda lombala omnyama, atholakala ezinhlangothini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inewt ejwayelekile, naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okuhle nosayizi omncane, iyingozi ezilwaneni eziningi. Isikhumba salesi silo sasemanzini sikhipha ubuthi obubulalayo. Le nto ayiyona ingozi kubantu, kodwa ezilwaneni eziningi ezinegazi elifudumele ingaba yingozi. Ubuthi obunjalo cishe buqeda masinyane onke amaplatelets egazini, okuholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.
I-newt ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esincane, esingenazwela futhi esingenakuzithoba. Idume kakhulu kuma-aquarists, ngakho-ke ihlala igcinwa ekhaya. Ukugcina isilwane esinjalo ekhaya akunzima nakancane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womuntu ukudala nokugcina izimo ezifanele: ukukhanyisa, inhlabathi, ukugcwaliswa nosayizi we-terrarium, ukudla okunomsoco. Ukuhlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele, umuntu uzokwazi ukuthola isilwane esihle esizohlala okungenani iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Newt ejwayelekile emanzini
I-newt ejwayelekile inezici eziningi zezici zangaphandle:
- ubukhulu obuncane. Ubude bomzimba walesi silwane abweqi ngamasentimitha ayishumi - abesilisa bahlala bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane. Amasentimitha ayishumi - lokhu kubheka umsila, okungenani uhhafu wobude obuphelele;
- bushelelezi, akuvamile - isikhumba esincibilikile. Umbala wesikhumba ungaba nsundu, umnqumo. Isisu sihlala sikhanya ukwedlula emuva: ophuzi noma okhanyayo ngokusawolintshi. Kunamabala amnyama emzimbeni nemivimbo emnyama ezinhlangothini zekhanda;
- izitho ezikhule kahle. I-newt inemilenze emine yobude obulinganayo. Imilenze emibili yangaphambili inezinzwane ezintathu noma ezine, kuthi ezingemuva zibe nezisihlanu. Izidladla zivumela lesi silwane ukuba sibhukude kahle, sizulazule phansi echibini ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Emhlabathini, ama-newt ajwayelekile ahamba kancane ngokungahambi kahle;
- ukungaboni kahle, kepha inzwa enhle kakhulu. Abantu abadala bangayibona inyamazane yabo kude ngamamitha angamakhulu amabili;
- amazinyo athambile. Zitholakala esibhakabhakeni ngemigqa emibili ehambisanayo. Amazinyo ahlukana kancane engela elincane. Leli lungiselelo lamazinyo lisiza isilwane ukubamba isisulu ngokuqinile emlonyeni waso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-newts ajwayelekile anesici esiyingqayizivele - akwazi ukubuyisela ngokuphelele izitho zawo zangaphakathi, amehlo noma izitho ezilahlekile.
Ihlala kuphi inewt?
Isithombe: Newt ejwayelekile emvelweni
Amahlathi axubekile ahlangene alungele impilo ye-newt ejwayelekile. Lezi zilwane zihlala, zizalela emanzini amile noma ahamba kancane. Emhlabeni bafihla ngezihlahla, zitholakala emapaki, ezingadini, emabhaneni asehlathini. Izindawo ezivulekile ziyagwenywa. Inewt ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esivame kakhulu. Ihlala cishe yonke indawo. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yizindawo ezithile: eCrimea, eningizimu yeFrance, ePortugal, e-Antarctica, eSpain. Indawo yemvelo incike kuma-subspecies we-newt ejwayelekile.
Kukhona ama-subspecies ayisikhombisa:
- I-Areic. Uhlala eGrisi, eMakedoniya, e-Albania naseBulgaria;
- I-Triton kaSchmidtler. Ingatholakala kuphela entshonalanga yeTurkey;
- Ampelny. Kubizwa nangokuthi amagilebhisi. Inommango ophansi we-dorsal, uhlala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRomania;
- I-Triton kaCosswig. Futhi uyisakhamuzi saseTurkey. Ungahlangana nesilwane esinjalo ogwini oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga;
- I-Lissotriton vulgaris vulgaris. Lona uhlobo lokuphakanyiswa. Kuyinto evame kakhulu. Indawo yayo yemvelo isuka e-Ireland iye entshonalanga yeSiberia. Umehluko wesilwane esinjalo ungqimba oluphakeme lwasemuva, iphuzu lomsila elicijile;
- I-newt ejwayelekile eseNingizimu. Indawo yayo yemvelo yiSlovenia, enyakatho ye-Italy, eningizimu yeFrance;
- UTriton Lanza. Uhlala eningizimu yeRussia, enyakatho ye-Armenia, e-Azerbaijan naseGeorgia.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-newt ejwayelekile ihlala kuphi, ake sibone ukuthi idlani.
Idliwa yini inewt?
Isithombe: Newt ejwayelekile eRussia
Ama-newt ajwayelekile izidalwa ezincane kepha ezishesha kakhulu. Bangababhukudi abahle kakhulu, imilenze yabo iyiselula, baneminwe, ebavumela ukuba basheshe bahambe ngaphansi kwekholamu lamanzi ngaphansi kwedamu ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Lezi zingane zizingela cishe njalo ngempumelelo. Bangakwazi ukuhambisana nesisulu esisheshayo, futhi umuzwa wabo ojulile wephunga ubavumela ukuba bawunuke ngisho namakhulu amamitha kude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintuthwane ezivamile zinomlomo oqinile onemigqa emibili yamazinyo. Ngosizo lwayo, isilwane siphatha kalula isisulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunzima ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane wentethe ejwayelekile. Ngezikhathi ezijwayelekile, umehluko onjalo usayizi wesilwane kuphela. Abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane, kepha nalokhu kuliqiniso elicashile. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, umehluko wobulili ubonakala kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, igebe liyavela ngemuva kwabesilisa.
Ukudla kwe-newt ejwayelekile kuhlanganisa:
- ama-crustaceans;
- izibungu zezinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla;
- inhlanzi caviar;
- onoshobishobi;
- ama-slugs nezikelemu zomhlaba;
- izibungu zebhungane;
- izibungu ezihlomile;
- amasentimitha.
Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ama-newt anesifiso esinamandla kakhulu emanzini. Emhlabeni, badla okuncane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emanzini, izisu zabo zigcwele cishe amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, futhi emhlabeni - amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha nanhlanu kuphela. Ekhaya, ukudla kwezilwane kuhluke kancane. Izilwane zasemanzini ezinjalo zondliwa ngemisundu, izimpethu zegazi nezimfanzi zasemanzini.
Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcina nokudla okusha okusha ngokucophelela. Ngokuyinhloko, isihlabathi noma amatshe amancane kakhulu akufanele abekwe ku-terrarium. Ngenkathi sidla, isilwane singagwinya uhlamvu lwesihlabathi bese maningi amathuba okuthi i-newt ife ngenxa yokuvaleka kwamathumbu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-newt ejwayelekile evela kwi-Red Book
Ama-newtt ajwayelekile amadala asemanzini nasemanzini. Zinama-gill namaphaphu azenza zizizwe zikhululekile emhlabeni nasemanzini. Le mpahla yemvelo isiza lezi zilwane ukuba ziphile ngesikhathi sesomiso lapho ichibi selomile. Ngokuvamile, indlela yokuphila yentsha ejwayelekile ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ubusika, ihlobo. Ebusika, umsebenzi wezinhlobo ze-salamander uba phansi kakhulu. Ama-Newts acasha emhlabeni, afuna indawo yokukhosela ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngisho nenqwaba elula yamaqabunga ilungele i-newt ejwayelekile. Kepha inketho engcono kakhulu ngumgodi oshiyiwe. Kaningi, ama-newts alala ngokuzalwa kwawo. Ukuphuza ngokweqile eqenjini kwandisa amathuba ezilwane okusinda. Kungaba nabantu abadala abangaphezu kwamashumi amathathu eqenjini. Lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lehla ngaphansi kuka-zero, ama-newt aqhwa, ayeke ngokuphelele ukuhamba.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi ama-newtts ajwayelekile asiza kakhulu abantu. Lezi zidalwa ezincane zibulala omiyane abaningi. Bazidla bobabili esigabeni sesibungu nasebudaleni.
Ngentwasahlobo, ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-10 degrees Celsius, izintuthwane ziyavuka ngemuva kokubandayo bese zibuyela emanzini. Amanzi ngalesi sikhathi ayabanda impela, kepha ama-newt ayalibekezelela leli zinga lokushisa kahle. Ehlobo, izintuthwane ezivamile ziyasebenza ebusuku. Abathandi ukukhanya okukhanyayo, abajwayele kahle ukushisa. Emini, isilwane esinjalo ungasibona ngesikhathi semvula kuphela. Esikhathini esiningi, ama-newt ahlala emihlanjini emincane, ngayinye enabantu abadala abacishe babe abathathu kuya kwabane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Newt ejwayelekile engaphansi kwamanzi
Ukuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana kuqondana nesikhathi sokushiya izindawo zokukhosela zasebusika. Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-newt ajwayelekile engena emanzini entwasahlobo, imidlalo yokukhwelana esebenzayo iqala ngokushesha. Emachibini, owesilisa nowesifazane kancane kancane basondelana, babhukude ndawonye. Ngalesi sikhathi, omele ucansi olunamandla uzama ukushaya isithandwa sakhe ngomsila waso kanzima. Isikhathi esithile ngemuva kwemidlalo enjalo, izilwane ziyahlangana.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa side. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-newt yensikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda amaningi kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi isibalo sazo singamakhulu futhi singafinyelela izingcezu ezingamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Abesifazane bazifihla ngokucophelela isende ngalinye elibekiwe. Usibeka eqabungeni lesitshalo elicwiliswa emanzini bese elisonga. Ngale ndlela, uyakwazi ukwenza uhlobo lwesikhwama semali. Kuyo, inzalo yesikhathi esizayo ivikelwe ngokuthembekile, ngoba iqabunga eligoqiwe ligcinwa liqinile ngenxa yendawo enamathele yeqanda.
Inqubo yokuvuthwa kwamasende iyema kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu. Bese kuvela izibungu ezinomsila kuzo. Isibungu sicishe sibe ngamamilimitha ayisikhombisa ubude. Ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila kwalo, lesi sibungu asidli futhi sizama nokungaveli ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngosuku lwesibili kuphela lapho umlomo wakhe uqhekeka khona, okuvumela ukuba aqale ukudla. Cishe ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu, lesi sibungu siqala ukuba nemilenze, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili nohhafu, lesi sibungu siphenduke isihlava esivamile somuntu omdala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ekwindla izibungu zikuthola ngokuphelele ukubonakala kwabantu abadala. Enyakatho kwendawo yemvelo, izibungu azinaso isikhathi sokudlula kuzo zonke izigaba zentuthuko, ngakho-ke zisasebusika ngamagill angaphandle.
Izitha zemvelo zentsha ezivamile
Isithombe: Newt ejwayelekile eRussia
Ama-newt ajwayelekile izidalwa ezincane futhi ezicishe zingavikeleki. Banesilinganiso sokusinda esiphakeme kakhulu ekuthunjweni. Ekhaya, lezi zilwane zingafinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola umuntu omdala wale minyaka endle. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe ekuthunjweni kuma-newts yiminyaka eyishumi nane kuphela. Esinye sezizathu zomehluko omkhulu kangaka ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezitha zemvelo.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezitha zentsha lilele emanzini. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba lezi zasemanzini zichitha isikhathi esiningi emizimbeni yamanzi. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala emzimbeni wamanzi aziphikisani nokudla ama-newt ajwayelekile.
Izitha ezimbi kakhulu zifaka:
- isihlobo. Ngaphandle kobudlelwano obuqondile, ama-newts amakhulu adla amancane. Isibonelo, ama-newst crets abonakala kaningi kulokhu;
- amaxoxo. Ama-Amphibians angabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Kubo, ama-newt ayizisulu ezilula kakhulu;
- inhlanzi. I-perch, i-pike, i-carp nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi zihlasela ama-amphibians amadala noma zidle izibungu zazo;
- izinyoka nezinyoka. Ngobuqili babamba izintuthwane ezingaboni kahle bese bezigwinya cishe ngokuphelele;
- izinyoni nezinye izilwane eziphila emhlabeni. Ama-newt ajwayelekile awavamile ukuvela emhlabeni. Kepha uma beya lapho, baba yizisulu ezilula zezinye izilwane nezinyoni, ngoba emhlabeni izingulube ziyabheda kakhulu. Abaphikisani nokudla ama-voles amanzi, izimpungushe ezimpunga, ama-mallard.
Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abasha abasha abavikelekile. Ama-subspecies amaningi anesikhumba esinobuthi kakhulu. Isibonelo, inewt enamabhande aphuzi esembozweni sayo iqukethe ushevu omningi ngokwanele ukubulala amagundane amancane ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Newt
Ama-newt ajwayelekile anezinga eliphezulu lokuzala. Esikhathini esisodwa sokukhwelana, abesifazane bayakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaba amakhulu ayisikhombisa. Ezindaweni eziningi zendawo yemvelo, le ndawo ivumela izilwane ukuthi zigcine izinga labantu lizinzile. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nokuzala okuphezulu kwezinye izindawo bekungeke kusindise isimo futhi namuhla emazweni amaningi inani le-newt ejwayelekile lehle kakhulu.
Siyini isizathu sokwehla okukhulu kwenani lala ma-amphibian?
Kunezinto ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:
- isikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Ekuthunjweni, i-newt ayihlali ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nane. Kunezizathu eziningi zalokhu. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukungabi nokudla, isomiso kanye nokuba sengozini kwezitha zemvelo. Ama-newtts ajwayelekile mancane kakhulu, awanamandla kakhulu, anamehlo angaboni kahle futhi ayaxakaniseka emhlabeni. Konke lokhu kubenza babe yizisulu ezilula;
- ukungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi. Amanzi angcolile, isamba esikhulu semfucuza - konke lokhu kunciphisa izilwane ikhaya nokudla kwazo;
- izinguquko ngokwendawo nangokwesimo sezulu kwezinye izindawo zendawo yemvelo. Amadamu amaningi ayakhanywa futhi ayanyamalala kancane kancane. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu nakho kuthinta kabi inani labantu abasha. Lezi zilwane azijwayele kahle ukushisa.
Ukuvikelwa kwama-newtts ajwayelekile
Isithombe: I-newt ejwayelekile evela kwi-Red Book
Inewt ejwayelekile iyisidalwa esincane kodwa esiwusizo impela. Kuyasiza ukulawula inani lomiyane. Lawa ma-amphibian adla omiyane, kufaka phakathi lezo eziyingozi kakhulu kubantu - umalaleveva. Kuze kube manje, isibalo salezi zilwane eziwusizo sehle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezithile. Ngokusho kososayensi, ziningi izinto ezithonye lokhu, kepha ukungcoliswa okuphelele kwemizimba yamanzi nemvelo kubizwa ngokuthi okuyinhloko.
Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwenani lama-newt ajwayelekile, afakwa kwiRed Data Books yase-Azerbaijan naseRussia. ESwitzerland, eGreat Britain, lolu hlobo lwenhlanzi lwaziwa njengokungajwayelekile. ESwitzerland, inani lamasha lisenciphile ngenxa yokugeleza okukhulu kwemizimba yamanzi. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, cishe amaphesenti ayisikhombisa emizimba yamanzi ezweni lonke akhishiwe. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni isibalo salezi zilwane eziphila nasemanzini sehle ngamahlandla amane. Futhi kube nokwehla okukhulu kwenani lezilwane esikhathini esifushane kakhulu ukuthi ososayensi babekhathazeke kakhulu.
Futhi, i-newt ejwayelekile namuhla ingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-Berne Convention. Ama-Newts angama-amphibians amaningi kakhulu. Ukugcina nokubuyisa inani labo labantu, kuyadingeka ukuvikela imizimba yamanzi ekhona, ukuvikela izimila ezibazungezile nokwenza ngcono isimo semvelo ezifundeni ezinenkinga.
Inewt ejwayelekile - omunye wabamele abancane bomndeni wakhe. Lesi yisilwane esihle kakhulu esinikezwe amandla ahlukile okuphila emanzini nasemhlabeni.Amaswidi alolu hlobo asiza kakhulu abantu, abulala omiyane abayingozi nezibungu zabo. Namuhla, ama-newt ajwayelekile adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile kubantu, ngoba inani labo liyancipha minyaka yonke.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 19.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-21: 41
