Kwabaningi i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi ejwayelekile hhayi ekubukekeni nje kuphela kepha nakunambitha. Kodwa bambalwa abantu abazi ukuthi le madevu indala kakhulu, usindile ezikhathini zethu kusukela enkathini yeJurassic, ngakho-ke waze wabona ama-dinosaurs ngamehlo akhe e-crustacean. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusukela kulezo zikhathi zasendulo, ngaphandle, umdlavuza awukashintshi, ugcina ubuwena bangaphambi komlando. Sizohlaziya izigaba ezahlukahlukene zempilo yakhe, sichaze izici ezingaphandle zesici, futhi sitshele ngemikhuba nesimo salesi sakhamuzi esimangalisayo samanzi ahlanzekile.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi
I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi imele ukuhleleka kwe-decapod crayfish emndenini we-crustacean ngaphansi kwegama lesiLatini elithi Astacidea. Ama-crustaceans ama-decapod angabizwa ngokuthi yiqembu eliphakeme kunazo zonke lesigaba sezinhlanzi ezinkulu, eziqukethe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-15 zanamuhla nezinsalela eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Njengoba sekushiwo, i-crayfish yahlala kuleplanethi yethu eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-130 eyedlule (esikhathini seJurassic), okwenza kube okumangazayo futhi kuthakazelise ukutadisha. Kungaba okulungile ngokwengeziwe ukuwabiza ngamanzi angenasawoti, ngoba kuphila emanzini lawo. Waqanjwa igama elibanzi eliminwe ngenxa yezinzipho zalo ezinkulu ezibanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhombisa umehluko walo kumfowethu oneminwe emincane.
Ividiyo: I-crayfish ebanzi
Ngaphezu kokwehluka kobubanzi bezinzipho, i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi inenothi enamashubhu abukhali ngaphakathi kuzwane olunganyakazi, kuyilapho isihlobo esineminwe emincane singenzi. Insikazi incane kunomdlavuza wesilisa. Amazipho akhe nawo mancane ngokubonakalayo, kepha unesisu esibanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapheya amabili esifazane emilenzeni yesisu asesimweni sokungathuthuki, ngokungafani nemilenze efanayo kwabesilisa.
Ngokuvamile, i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi inomzimba omkhulu, omkhulu, ocacisiwe, ogcwele igobolondo eliqinile le-chitin yawo. Akunzima ukuqagela egameni le-oda ukuthi umdlavuza unamabhangqa amahlanu emilenze yokuhamba. Amabili amabili okuqala amelwe ngozipho. Uma sikhuluma ngobukhulu bale crustacean, khona-ke ingabizwa ngokuthi inkulu kunazo zonke izinhlanzi ezinamanzi angenasawoti ezihlala ezweni lethu. Ubukhulu besilinganiso besifazane bucishe bube ngamasentimitha ayi-12, futhi kwabesilisa - kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-16 cm.Kuyivelakancane ngokweqile, kepha kukhona abesilisa abangafika ku-25 cm ubude futhi benesisindo esingamakhulu amabili amagremu. I-Crayfish yeminyaka esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu, cishe eneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala, ifinyelela osayizi nobukhulu obunjalo, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezinjalo azitholakali.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi emvelweni
Uma konke kucacile ngosayizi womdlavuza, umbala wawo uhlukile, konke kuya ngezindawo zokukhishwa komdlavuza unomphela.
Angaba:
- umnqumo omnyama;
- nsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani;
- nsundu ngokuluhlaza sasibhakabhaka.
I-Crayfish inethalente elihle kakhulu lokuzifihla, ngakho-ke lihlangana kahle nombala wezansi ledamu lapho kubhaliswa khona njalo. Uma ubheka umdlavuza, kuyabonakala ngokushesha ukuthi umzimba wayo unezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-cephalothorax, equkethe izingxenye zekhanda ne-sternum (indawo lapho bajoyina khona kungabonakala engxenyeni ye-dorsal) kanye nesisu esichaziwe, esigcina ngomsila obanzi. I-cephalothorax, njengezikhali, ivikela igobolondo eliqinile le-chitinous.
Igobolondo lidlala indima yamathambo e-crustacean, lapho kufihlwe khona zonke izitho zangaphakathi; ibuye isebenze njengokuqinisa imisipha ye-crustacean. Izimpondo ezinde, ezibucayi kakhulu futhi ezenza imisebenzi yokudonsa futhi ethintekayo, ziyamangaza ngokushesha. Ngesisekelo sabo kukhona izitho zebhalansi ye-crustacean. Amadevu wesibili amfishane kakhulu kunalawo okuqala futhi asetshenziselwa ukuthinta kuphela. Inhloko ye-crayfish iqala ngokuqhakaza okubukhali okubizwa ngokuthi i-rostrum. Ezinhlangothini zombili zalo kunamehlo aqandayo obuhlalu obumnyama ekucindezelekeni. Kubukeka sengathi amehlo omdlavuza akhula ngeziqu ezincane ezinokuhamba, ngakho-ke umbono wamadevu uhloniphekile, akukho okungafihlwa kuwo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amehlo e-Crayfish awuhlobo oluhlangene, isb. aqukethe amehlo amancane ayizinkulungwane eziningana (izingcezu ezingaba ngu-3000).
Umlomo womdlavuza uyisakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esiqukethe izitho ezahlukahlukene:
- i-pair eyodwa yamandla, okuyimihlathi ephezulu;
- amabhangqa amabili ama-maxillae asebenza njengemihlathi engezansi;
- amabhangqa amathathu ama-maxillipeds, ngenye indlela abizwa ngokuthi imihlathi yomlenze.
Imilenze engaphambili yomdlavuza ibizwa ngezinzipho, zisebenza njengezinto zokubamba, zokubamba nezivikelayo. Ukuhamba, i-crayfish idinga amabhangqa amane emilenze yokuhamba ende. I-arthropod nayo inezitho ezincane, ezibizwa ngezesisu. Zibalulekile ohlelweni lokuphefumula lomdlavuza. Ama-crayfish abo asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa amanzi acebile oksijini emigodini. Abesifazane banikezwa elinye ipheya lezitho ezihlukanisiwe, ezidingekayo zokubamba amaqanda.
Umsila we-crab uyabonakala ngokushesha, ngoba mude futhi mkhulu. Ingxenye yayo yokugcina ethambile ibizwa nge-telson, iyasiza kakhulu ekubhukudeni, okwenziwa emuva. Akumangalisi ukuthi bathi crayfish, ngokunembile, emuva. Ishaya umsila wayo ngaphansi kwayo ngokunyakaza okumi mpo, umdlavuza uhlehla ngejubane lombani ukusuka lapho uzwe khona usongo.
Ihlala kuphi i-crayfish ebanzi?
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi emanzini
I-crayfish eneminwe emide ikhethe iYurophu, okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yiGrisi, iSpain, iPortugal ne-Italy, akwenzeki endaweni yalezi zifundazwe. Abantu bamhlalisa emachibini aseSweden, lapho ahlala khona kahle futhi wazinza, wazivumelanisa kahle nezindawo ezintsha zokuphila. Lawa ma-arthropods ahlala emizimbeni yamanzi etholakala echibini laseBaltic Sea. Umdlavuza uhlala emazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union njengeLithuania, i-Estonia neLatvia. Lolu hlobo lwe-crustacean lutholakala ezindaweni zaseBelarus nase-Ukraine. Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, lapha umdlavuza uvela ikakhulukazi enyakatho-ntshonalanga.
I-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi iyathanda ukugeleza kwamanzi ahlanzekile. Amadevu azizwa ekhululekile futhi ekhululekile lapho amanzi afudumala aze afike kuma-degree angama-22 ehlobo. Umdlavuza uvikela imizimba yamanzi engcolisiwe, ngakho-ke, ukuhlala kwawo endaweni eyodwa noma kwenye kufakazela ubumsulwa bamanzi, ohlukanisa lolu hlobo nesihlobo esineminwe emincane, naso esingahlala emanzini angcolile. I-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi ayihlali nje kuphela emizimbeni yamanzi egelezayo, ingatholakala echibini nas echibini, into eyinhloko ukuthi izimo zemvelo lapho ziyahle. Ngokuhlala unomphela, i-crayfish ikhetha ukujula kusuka kwimitha elilodwa nohhafu kuya kwemihlanu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-crayfish adinga amadamu anele ngokwanele ane-oxygen, okuqukethwe kukalamula nakho kufanele kube okujwayelekile. Ngokushoda kwesici sokuqala, umdlavuza awukwazi ukusinda, kanti inani elincane lesibili liholela ekwehliseni ukukhula kwawo.
Umdlavuza uzwela kakhulu kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokungcola kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi amakhemikhali. Abazithandi phansi, zigcwele intilibathwa. Ngokuthunyelwa unomphela, bakhetha izindawo ezingaphansi kwamanzi lapho kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-snags, depressions, amatshe nezimpande zezihlahla. Emakhoneni anjalo acashile, amadevu afakwe iziphephelo. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingafinyeleli ngisho naku-16 degrees, ama-crayfish awahlali, ngoba ezimweni ezipholile ezinjalo alahlekelwa amandla awo okuzala.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yi-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi?
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi
I-crayfish ebanzi ingabizwa ngokuthi i-omnivorous, imenyu yabo iqukethe kokubili ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Vele, uhlaza lukhona ekudleni, uma ubala, ngokwezibalo inkomba yalo ingu-90. + -
Umdlavuza udla ngenjabulo enkulu izitshalo ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini:
- rdest;
- i-buckwheat yamanzi;
- iziqu zeminduze yamanzi;
- ihhashi;
- i-elodea;
- i-chara algae equkethe i-calcium eningi.
Ebusika, umdlavuza udla amaqabunga awile agibele ezihlahleni ezisogwini angene emanzini. Ukuthuthuka ngokugcwele nangesikhathi esifanele, umdlavuza udinga ukudla kwezilwane okuqukethe amaprotheni amaningi. I-baleen ngenjabulo idla zonke izinhlobo zezikelemu, izibungu, iminenke, i-plankton, ama-fleas amanzi, onoshobishobi, ama-amphipods. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-mollusks asetshenziswa kanye namagobolondo awo aqinile. I-crayfish ne-carrion, abayinuka kude, abadluli, iphunga layo liyabakhanga. AmaCrustaceans ashwabadela izidumbu zezilwane nezinyoni eziwele phansi, zidla izinhlanzi ezifile, zizingela izinhlanzi ezigulayo noma ezilimele, zisebenza njengabahlanzayo ngaphansi kwamanzi noma ukuhleleka.
I-Crayfish idla ebusuku nantambama, kuthi emini zicashe emigodini eyimfihlo. Imizwa yabo yokuhogela ithuthuke kahle, ngakho-ke banuka isisulu sabo esingavela kude. I-Crayfish ayithandi ukuya kude nemigodi yayo, ngakho-ke bathola ukudla eduze. Kwesinye isikhathi, uma kungekho okudliwayo eduzane, kufanele zihambe, kepha zingadluli kumamitha ayi-100 - 250. Ukuzingelwa kwe-crayfish kuyinto eyinqaba, bakhetha ukubamba inyamazane ukusuka endaweni yokukhosela, bayibambe ngozipho abanamandla. Abakwazi ukubulala ngejubane lombani, okwenza ukuthi labo ababanjwa babanjwe umqala wokufa isikhathi eside. I-Crayfish, njenge-vise, ibamba ubhontshisi ngozipho oluqinile, iluma ucezu oluncane lwenyama, ukuze ukudla kwabo kube kukhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokushoda kokudla noma ukwanda kwenani lama-crustaceans echibini, ama-crayfish akwazi ukudla uhlobo lwawo, i.e. zibonakaliswa yisimo esingajabulisi njengokudla kwamazimu.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lapho i-crayfish iqeda ubusika bayo, i-molt iyaphela futhi inqubo yokukhwelana ifinyelela esiphethweni, bancamela ukudla ukudla kwezilwane, kuthi sonke isikhathi badle zonke izinhlobo zohlaza. I-crayfish egcinwe ezindaweni zasemanzini zondliwa ngenyama, imikhiqizo yesinkwa, nemifino ehlukahlukene ifakiwe ekudleni. Abafuyi bathole ukuthi ama-mustachioed ayingxenye yotheniphu nezinqathe. Kumele uqaphele ukuthi abesifazane badla ukudla okuningi, kodwa ukudla okulula kakhulu kaningi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi evela eRed Book
I-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi ingabizwa ngokuthi umhlali wamanzi ekujuleni kwamanzi, ngoba iyasebenza ebusuku naphakathi kokuhwalala kwangaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, kwesinye isikhathi esimweni sezulu esinamafu. Isilevu ngasinye sinomgodi waso, lapho sihlala khona emini, ngamehlo aso agudlukayo nezintshebe ezinde zangaphandle, nezinzipho ezinamandla emnyango. Umdlavuza uthanda ukuzola nokuba wedwa, ngakho-ke baqapha ngokucophelela indawo yabo yokuhlala kubantu abangenayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubude bemigodi ye-crayfish bungaba yimitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Lapho umdlavuza uzizwa usongelwa, ubuyela emuva endaweni yawo emnyama yokuphephela. I-Crayfish ifuna ukudla okungekude nomhosha, ngenkathi ihamba kancane, ibeka izinzipho zayo ezinkulu phambili. Ukunyakaza kwenziwa ngendlela ejwayelekile, kepha ngesikhathi sesimo esisongelayo, i-crayfish, empeleni, ibuyela emuva, igwedla ngomsila wayo onamandla, njengesigwedlo, ibhukuda ngejubane elisheshayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusabela lapho uhlangana nesilwane futhi okwamanje usongo ku-crayfish kumane nje kube umbani osheshayo.
Ehlobo, i-crayfish ihamba emanzini angajulile, futhi lapho kuqala ukwindla iya ngokujula, lapho ifukamela khona. Abesifazane basebusika ngaphandle kwabesilisa, ngalesi sikhathi bamatasa bethela amaqanda. Ukuze kube nobusika, ama-crustacean cavaliers ahlangana ngamakhulu futhi angene emigodini enamanzi ajulile noma azingcwabe ngongqimba lwodaka. Izingxabano zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwe-crayfish, ngoba ngayinye yazo inomona lapho iphephela kunoma yikuphi ukungena okuvela ngaphandle. Uma isimo esiyimpikiswano sesivuthiwe phakathi kwabamele ubulili obuhlukile, khona-ke owesilisa uhlala esebenza njengoyinhloko, lokhu akumangazi, ngoba mkhulu kakhulu. Lapho izintshisekelo zabesilisa ababili abavuthiwe zingqubuzana, kuba nokulwa, lowo onqobayo, imvamisa, kunguye onobukhulu obukhulu.
Kufanele unake ngokukhethekile inqubo molting crustacean, okwenzeka kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ezilwaneni ezisencane esikhathini sokuqala sehlobo, lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube kasikhombisa. Okudala umdlavuza, kuncibilika kancane. Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zingaphansi kwale nqubo kanye ngonyaka ngenkathi yehlobo. Ngesikhathi i-molting iqala, kwakhiwa ikhava entsha yezicubu ezithambile ngaphansi kwe-carapace. Kwabaningi bama-crustaceans, i-molting inqubo ebuhlungu nenzima yokugqashula egobolondweni elidala. Imvamisa, ngasikhathi sinye, kunganqamuka uzipho nezimpondo, bese kukhula okusha, okuhluka ngosayizi kwangaphambilini. Umdlavuza ulinda cishe amasonto amabili ezindaweni zawo zokukhosela kuze kube yilapho isikhumba siqina, ngaleso sikhathi besekudla okuqinile. Ngakho-ke, ukuba sesikhunjeni se-crustacean akulula neze.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi eRussia
Ama-crayfish angamaduna avuthwa ngokocansi eneminyaka emithathu ubudala, kuthi abesifazane basondele eminyakeni emine ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubude bazo buyahluka ngamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Phakathi kwe-crayfish esekhulile, kuhlale kunama-cavaliers aphindwe kabili kuya kathathu kunabalingani. Isikhathi sokuzala se-crustacean senzeka ekwindla ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, konke kuncike kwisimo sezulu sendawo ethile. Owesilisa ngamunye uvundisa cishe abesifazane abathathu kuya kwabane. Kakade ngokufika kukaSepthemba, umsebenzi nokuhlukunyezwa kwabesilisa kuyanda.
Inqubo yezocansi kwi-crayfish ihlukile kakhulu, ayinuki ngisho nokuvumelana ngokuvumelana, owesilisa uphoqa ngenkani owesifazane ukuba alingise, aziphathe kabi kuye. Ujaha umlingani wakhe, ambambe ngezinsimbi eziqinile, ambeke emahlombe futhi enze ukudluliswa kwamadlozi akhe esiswini sowesifazane. Akumangalisi ukuthi umdlavuza wesilisa ukhulu kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ubengeke akwazi ukubhekana nomlingani onenkani. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuya ocansini okunje kungaholela ekufeni kwamaqanda esikazi nawabelethi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ekhathele yimincintiswano yokulwa nokulwa, owesilisa, ongadli ngalesi sikhathi esinzima, angadla nomlingani wokugcina obanjiwe ukuze angabi buthakathaka nakancane.
Lesi isabelo esingenakulinganiswa kuma-crustaceans abesifazane, yingakho bezama ukufihla owesilisa ngokushesha okukhulu ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Amaqanda abekwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, aboshelwe emilenzeni yesisu sowesifazane. Kufanele avikele izingane ezizayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingozi, anikeze amaqanda umoya-mpilo, awahlanze ezintweni ezingcolisayo ezahlukahlukene, futhi aqiniseke ukuthi awathinteki isikhunta. Amaqanda amaningi ayafa, kusala angama-60 kuphela. Kuphela ngemuva kwesikhathi esiyizinyanga eziyisikhombisa, kuvela ama-crustaceans amancane avela kubo, cishe ngamamilimitha amabili ubude.
Izingane ziyaqhubeka nokuba khona esiswini sikamama cishe izinsuku eziyishumi nambili. Ngemuva kwalokho izingane ziya empilweni ezimele, zifuna isiphephelo sazo echibini, ngalesi sikhathi isisindo sazo asidluli u-25 g, futhi ubude abudluli ngaphezu kwesentimitha elilodwa. Uchungechunge lonke lokubumba nokuguqulwa lubalindile eminyakeni edlule. Ama-crayfish asebekhulile kuphela angancibiliki. Futhi isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyabukeka futhi singafinyelela eminyakeni engama-25, kepha ama-crayfish akuvamile ukuthi aphile aze aguge kangako, ubude besikhathi sempilo yabo cishe buyiminyaka eyishumi.
Izitha zemvelo ze-crayfish ebanzi
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi
Yize iqiniso lokuthi umdlavuza, njenge-knight in armor, umbozwe ngegobolondo eliqinile, unezitha eziningi endaweni yawo yemvelo. Isihluku esikhulu kunazo zonke i-eel, sibeka usongo kubantu abakhulu abavuthiwe, singena ekujuleni komuzi wabo osekusithekeni. Ama-crayfish adliwa ama-burbots, ama-pike, ama-perches. Amadevu asengozini ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi senqubo ye-molting, lapho isihlangu esidala sesivele sesilahliwe, kanti esisha asikatholi ukuqina okwanele.Isimo sibhebhethekiswa iqiniso lokuthi ama-crayfish asemanzini avulekile ngesikhathi se-molting, ngakho-ke ajwayele ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezahlukahlukene, angakafiki emgodini wawo esikhunjeni esithambile.
Ama-crustaceans amancane adliwa ngamanani amakhulu ngama-voracious perches. Izibungu ze-Crayfish kanye nezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zingadliwa yi-bream, roach nezinye izinhlanzi eziqoqa ukudla kusuka phansi echibini. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, ama-mink, ama-otter nama-muskrats yizitha ze-crustacean. Kulezo zindawo ezingasogwini lapho lezi zilwane zidla khona, ungathola amagobolondo ama-crustacean asele ekudleni kwasemini. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ubuzimuzimu buyinto engokwemvelo yenhlanzi, ngakho-ke bona ngokwabo bangashwabadela izihlobo zabo kalula.
Isifo se-crayfish futhi siyisitha esiyingozi kakhulu salezi arthropods, sizohlala kuso ngokuningiliziwe ngemuva kwesikhashana. Vele, abantu bayizitha zezinhlanzi ezineminwe ebanzi, ngoba inyama yabo ibhekwa njengesibiliboco, ngakho-ke kusungulwa izindlela ezintsha zokubamba laba bantu basemanzini, futhi ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kuvame ukuchuma. Ngokungcolisa imizimba yamanzi, umuntu futhi wenza inkalankala ingasebenzi, ngoba lolu hlobo alunampande emanzini ngemvelo embi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi emvelweni
Ukulandelela ukuvela kwenani lomdlavuza obanzi obanzi, udinga ukubuyela emlandweni. Kuze kufike ikhulu lamashumi amabili, le crayfish yayiyizinhlobo eziningi ezihlala emanzini amaningi aseYurophu. Kodwa konke kwashintsha, kusukela ngo-1890, lapho uMax von Dam Borne waseJalimane owayenethonya eletha i-crayfish eyikhulu yaseMelika e-United States, wayibeka echibini lomuzi wakubo.
Laba bantu bokufika bangena emfuleni bangena kwamanye amanzi, lapho bahlala khona ngokuqinile. Ama-crayfish aseMelika ayengabathwali besifo se-crayfish, bona ngokwabo babenokuvikeleka kwalesi sifo, okwathi, ngeshwa, sasingekho kwi-crayfish ebanzi. Ukutheleleka kwahlasela inani elikhulu lama-arthropods, banyamalala ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziningi. Lesi simo siholele ekwehlisweni okukhulu kwenani lemikhaza ebanzi.
Ngakho-ke, kusuka ezinhlotsheni eziningi, i-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi yafudukela esigabeni sezinhlobo ezisengozini enkulu. Ezindaweni eziningi, yathathelwa indawo hhayi kuphela umlingani wayo waseMelika, kodwa futhi ne-crayfish emincane engathobekile. Manje isimo esilingana nenani lama-crustacean naso asisihle neze, siyaqhubeka nokwehla. Lokhu kungenxa yezifo kuphela, kepha nokubanjwa okukhulu, isimo semvelo esingesihle emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi, ngakho-ke i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi idinga izindlela zokuzivikela ezikhethekile.
Njengoba sekushiwo, i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi ithathwa njengezinhlobo ezincane, ezisengozini, inani labantu eliqhubeka nokwehla, okubangela ukukhathazeka ezinhlanganweni ezilondolozayo ezithatha zonke izindlela zokuyilondoloza.
Izici ezahlukahlukene ziholele ekwehleni okuqinile kwenani le-crayfish:
- ubhadane lwesifo se-crayfish;
- ukufuduswa kwezinhlanzi ezineminwe ebanzi ngezinye izinhlobo ze-crustacean, ezingathobeki ezimweni zangaphandle;
- ukubamba okukhulu kwe-crayfish ngezinhloso ze-gastronomic;
- ukungcoliswa komuntu kwemithombo yamanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kubhalwe phansi ukuthi i-crayfish yaqala ukudliwa ekupheleni kweNkathi Ephakathi; phakathi kwezikhulu zaseSweden, inyama yabo yathathwa njengesibiliboco esikhulu. Kamuva, ngenxa yenani elikhulu le-crayfish, baba izivakashi ezivamile ematafuleni azo zonke izingxenye zabantu. AmaJuda awazidli, ngoba zithathwa njengezilwane ezingekho kosher.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-crayfish ebanzi
Isithombe: I-crayfish ebanzi ebanzi evela eRed Book
Emhlabeni wonkana, izinhlanzi ezineminwe emide zibhalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN Red List, esihlomelweni sesibili se-Berne Convention, njengezilwane ezisengozini. Lo mdlavuza ufakiwe kwiRed Data Books yase-Ukraine naseBelarus. Ensimini yezwe lethu, kuseBhukwini Elibomvu Lesifunda saseLeningrad.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zifaka lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- ukuqapha njalo isimo sabantu abasele;
- ukwabiwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona inani elikhulu lama-crayfish anezikhala ezibanzi;
- ukwethulwa kokuhlukaniswa okuqinile kokubanjwa kwe-crayfish lapho kutholakala khona isifo se-crayfish;
- ukwethulwa kwamalayisense wokubamba inani elithile lama-crustaceans;
- ukuvinjelwa kokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane emizimbeni yamanzi;
- ukwelashwa kwezimpahla zokudoba ngezixazululo ezikhethekile ze-disinfectant lapho uthuthela komunye umzimba wamanzi.
Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi kusenethemba lokuthi zonke lezi zindlela zokuvikela zizoletha umphumela omuhle futhi, uma zingakwandisi inani lomdlavuza, okungenani ziwenze uzinze. Ungakukhohlwa lokho i-crayfish eneminwe ebanzi isebenza njengendawo yokuhlanza yemvelo yamachibi ahlukahlukene, ngoba iyabakhulula kwizidumbu. Abantu futhi kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu ngemithombo yamanzi, bayigcine ihlanzekile, khona-ke i-crayfish izozizwa ikhululekile futhi imangalisa.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 15.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-11: 55
