Amabili-ithoni labeo umbala othakazelisayo, ukuma komzimba, ngenxa yalokho kubukeka njengoshaka omncane kakhulu, nokuziphatha okusebenzayo. Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, bavame ukugcinwa emanzini, noma ngabe kunzima kangakanani - futhi banolaka kakhulu komakhelwane, ikakhulukazi kubantu bezinye izizwe, futhi badinga indawo enkulu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Amabili-labeo labeo
Izinhlanzi zasendulo ezingama-proto-fish zazihlala kuleplanethi yethu eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 edlule - ziphakathi kwezinto zasendulo kakhulu ezihleliwe kakhulu ezisizungezile manje. Okutholwe okudala kakhulu yi-pikaya ne-haikouichtis, zikhombisa izimpawu zesikhashana ngokwazo - azikabi izinhlanzi okwamanje, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi zavela kulezi zinhlobo.
Yize kungaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ngabe zivela kubo, noma kwezinye izingxabano, abamele bokuqala besigaba sezinhlanzi esikhishwe ngemisebe bavele cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-420 ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu. Yize kusukela lapho sebenze izinguquko ezinkulu, futhi izinhlanzi zalezo zikhathi azifani ncamashi nezanamuhla, kepha kusukela kuleso sikhathi ukuvela kwazo kungalandelwa ngokucace bha.
Ividiyo: Imibala emibili labeo
Ekuqaleni, izilwane ezihlanjululwe ngemisebe zazincane, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo nakho kwahlala ezingeni eliphansi, futhi ngokuvamile, intuthuko yayihamba kancane. Ukugxuma kwenzeke ngemuva kokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene. Yize ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe nayo yanyamalala, bahlupheka kancane kwizilwane ezihuquzelayo zasolwandle, izinhlanzi ezinenqwaba yezinhlanzi kanye nezinhlanzi ezivunyiwe, ukuze babe abaphathi bezilwandle.
Ngokwezifundo zezinsalela zakudala zalezo zikhathi, ama-rayfinches aqala ukubusa izilwandle ngaleso sikhathi, futhi aqhubeka enza kanjalo kuze kube namuhla. Kokubili ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo nobukhulu balezi zinhlanzi kuyanda. Phakathi kwabanye, kuvela abamele bokuqala be-carps, okuyi-labeo enemibala emibili.
Lolu hlobo luchazwe ngo-1931 nguH. USmith njengoLabeo bicolor. Kamuva kwathathwa isinqumo sokuyidlulisa isuka emndenini wakwaLabeo, ngakho yaphenduka yaba yi-Epalzeorhynchos bicolor. Kepha ngaleso sikhathi, igama lakudala lase lilungisiwe, futhi empilweni yansuku zonke lezi zinhlanzi ziyaqhubeka ukubizwa nge-labeo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inhlanzi enemibala emibili labeo
Umzimba uvulekile, kepha ubanzi kunamanye ama-labeo. Ingemuva ligobile, kanti amaphiko makhulu maqondana nomzimba, i-caudal inama-lobes amabili. Umlomo utholakala ezansi, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kuhle kakhulu ekusikeni ukungcolisa. E-aquarium, i-labeo ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha ayi-15, emvelweni ingafinyelela ku-20-22 cm.
Le nhlanzi ifana noshaka owehliswe kakhulu, yingakho elinye igama layo lalinamathele esiNgisini - ushaka obomvu. Iqiniso ukuthi umzimba wakhe umnyama, futhi umphetho wakhe umbala ocebile obomvu. Vele, izihlobo zikude kakhulu noshaka be-labeo.
Ngenxa yokubukeka nokusebenza okuphezulu, i-labeo enemibala emibili ivele ivele ngokushesha futhi ihehe ukunaka kwabantu. Ungathola futhi i-albino labeo - umzimba wakhe awumnyama, kepha umhlophe, kanti unamehlo abomvu nawo wonke amaphiko.
Ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane akulula - awahlukile ngombala nosayizi, kanye nakwezinye izimpawu zangaphandle. Ngaphandle kokuthi, uma ubhekisisa, uzobona ukuthi abesifazane banesisu esigcwele kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi isiphetho samaduna siba mnyama, kanti amaphiko angakhanjwanga amade - kepha okugcina kunzima kakhulu ukukubona.
Izinhlanzi ezisencane zinemibala emide futhi, zize zifinyelele ebudaleni bobulili, zingahlala esikoleni, kodwa-ke kufanele zihlukaniswe, ngoba uma kungenjalo ziqala ukungqubuzana. Bahlala ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka engu-5-7, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Zonke zinamabhangqa amabili ezimpondo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lihambisana kahle nezinhlanzi ezincane ezisheshayo, ezihlala zikwazi ukuphunyula kuzo. Kungcono uma zihlala phezulu kwamanzi - kude ne-labeo. Isibonelo, lokhu kungumlilo ne-Sumatran barbus, iMalabar zebrafish, iCongo.
Ihlala kuphi i-labeo enamathoni amabili?
Isithombe: Imibala emibili labeo ngokwemvelo
Le ndawo ifaka ingxenye yengxenye yeChauprai basin egudla indawo yaseThailand. Endle, lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo luyivelakancane - kuze kube muva nje lubhekwa njengokushabalala ngokuphelele, ngaphambi kokutholwa kwabantu abasindile. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda kwaso okuphansi ukukhethwa okuhlukile kwezimo.
Le nhlanzi ithanda ukuhlala emifudlaneni nasemifudlaneni emincane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye kuyadingeka ukuthi amanzi akuyo ahlanzeke - isheshe ifele emanzini angcolile. Uncamela ukuhlala emanzini angajulile, kugcwele utshani obuningi. Amanzi kufanele agijime, ngokugeleza okusheshayo.
Zonke lezi zimo ziyaneliseka ngenani elincane lamachibi emgodini waseChauprai. Ngesikhathi semvula, lapho amasimu namahlathi azungezile egcwele izikhukhula, ama-labeo aya lapho. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezifana nalezo ezisebangeni labo, zingahlala emzimbeni wamanzi kwamanye amazwe, okuyilokho ezisebenzisela ukuzalanisa kwazo ngobuningi.
Ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo emvelweni, okuningi kwalezi zinhlanzi zihlala kuma-aquariums emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azifuneki kangako izinhlanzi zasemanzini - zidinga i-aquarium enkulu nezitshalo eziningi, kanye namanzi ahlanzekile futhi afudumele.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kuqala ukugqama ebusuku noma lapho ucindezelekile - uma ugula, ulambile, ucindezelekile.
Idla ini i-labeo enemibala emibili?
Isithombe: Fish bicolor labeo
Le nhlanzi iyakwazi ukudla:
- izimila zasolwandle;
- izibungu;
- ukhukhamba;
- i-zucchini;
- i-zucchini;
- amahlamvu kaletisi.
Ngokwemvelo, idla kakhulu izitshalo, kodwa futhi izingela - idla izibungu nezinye izilwane ezincane. Ezinqolobaneni lapho behlala khona, imvamisa azikho izinkinga ngokudla okunempilo - lena yimifudlana nemifudlana egcwele utshani, ngakho-ke akudingeki ufune ongakudla isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile kunezilwane eziningi emabhange.
Izilwane ezifuywayo ezindaweni zasemanzini zondliwa nge-fiber yezitshalo. Ukuze ube nempilo enhle, izinhlanzi kufanele zizidle. Ungaphakela nangamakhukhamba aqoshiwe noma eminye imikhiqizo efanayo - kepha qiniseka ukuthi uwafaka ngamanzi abilayo kuqala.
Badinga nokudla kwezilwane. Ukudla okomile kuvunyelwe, futhi kusuka kuzidalwa eziphilayo i-labeo ingondliwa ngemisundu yegazi, i-tubifex, kanye ne-coretra. Kepha akufanele ubadlise ngokweqile ngokudla okunjalo - kumele kube ngaphansi kwemifino. Bahlasela kuye ngomdlandla omkhulu kakhulu kunezingxube zemifino, kepha lokhu okudingekayo kuyadingeka kubo.
Ukuze i-labeo ikwazi ukondla, kungakuhle ubeke ingilazi ene-algae ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium - izowadla kancane kancane la ma-algae, futhi nawo ayingxenye ebalulekile yokudla. Ingadla nokungcola okuhlukahlukene emaqabungeni ezitshalo, ezindongeni noma phansi kwe-aquarium.
Manje wazi konke ngokugcina ama-labeos anemibala emibili ekhaya. Ake sibheke ukuthi inhlanzi ihlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-labeo enemibala emibili evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
I-labeo enemibala emibili - inhlanzi iyashesha kakhulu futhi iyakhanya. Ithanda ukuhlala eduze nezansi echibini lemvelo nase-aquarium. Ingalala phansi ngezansi bese ikhasa ngayo kancane. Futhi, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona ukuthi i-labeo ime kanjani noma ijike ibheke phansi - lokhu akusho ukuthi idinga usizo, ingabhukuda kanjalo.
Isikhathi esiyinhloko somsebenzi senzeka kusihlwa. Kuzo, i-labeo enemibala emibili ikhombisa ukuhamba okukhulu kakhulu, ingabhukuda kuyo yonke i-aquarium futhi iqhube izinhlanzi ezincane. Onke ama-labeo athambekele kokuziphatha, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukukhetha ngokucophelela omakhelwane babo.
Lezi zinhlanzi zihlakaniphile: uma umnikazi enganelisekile ngenxa yolaka lwabo, bacasha kuye ngemuva kwesihlahla esithile bese behlisa umoya isikhashana. Balinda aze asuke kude ne-aquarium bese eyeka ukubalandela, futhi ngemuva kwalokho baphinde bazithathele okwabo.
Zigcinwa kanye nezinye izinhlanzi, kepha kusadingeka i-aquarium ebanzi, futhi omakhelwane be-labeo akufanele bafana nezihlobo zabo. Kungcono uma zinombala ohluke ngokuphelele - ziyabekezelela izinhlanzi ezinjalo, kepha bonke abantu abanomsila okhanyayo babangela ukungathandi okuvuthayo kuzo.
Kungcono ukuzigcina ngomakhelwane abangakwazi ukumelana nokuhlaselwa kwabo ngaphandle kobunzima obukhulu, futhi kuyadingeka ukwenza izindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile lapho ungalinda khona ingozi. Ama-albino e-Labeo awanakugcinwa nalawo ajwayelekile - athambile futhi adinga indawo ezolile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amabili-labeo labeo
Ngokwemvelo, ama-labeo amancane anemibala emibili ahlala emihlambini. Ziyasakazeka njengoba zikhula, ngayinye inendawo yayo, futhi ayivumeli izihlobo noma izinhlanzi zezinye izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obufanayo zingene kuyo: izingxabano zivela ngezikhathi ezithile ngenxa yalokhu. Lezi zinhlanzi zibumbene kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Baziphatha ngendlela efanayo e-aquarium, futhi ngeminyaka bavikela indawo yabo ngokunamandla nangaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, akunconywa ukuthi kugcinwe ama-labeo ambalwa ndawonye, futhi uma wenza lokhu, wabele i-aquarium enkulu futhi ucacise ngokusobala izindawo ezinezithiyo - uma izinhlanzi zingekho emgqeni wokubonana, azinolaka kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ugcina ama-labeo amaningana ku-aquarium eyodwa, kufanele kube ngaphezu kwamabili awo. Lapho-ke ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo buzokhula phakathi kwabo: izinhlanzi ezinkulu zizobusa, kepha kulabo abancane, ingcindezi ngeke ibe namandla kakhulu. Uma zimbili kuphela, i-labeo evelele ngeke inikeze noma iyiphi inhlanzi impilo yesibili. Ubuzwe nobudlova kubonakala kubo kungakhathalekile ubulili: abakwazi ukubhukuda bangene ensimini yomunye umuntu, ngaphandle kwalokho izimpi ziqala ngokushesha. Okuhlukile kwenziwa kuphela nge-labeo enkulu kunazo zonke e-aquarium - angabhukuda noma kuphi lapho ethanda khona, futhi akekho ongamelana nalokhu.
Kunzima ukuzalela ama-labeos anemibala emibili ekhaya: ukuze bakwazi ukuzala kabusha, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ama-hormone akhethekile, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isilinganiso ngqo. Uma wenza iphutha noma lincane, izinhlanzi zizomane zife. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa abazaleli ekhaya - kuphela ama-aquarist anolwazi kakhulu alinga ukwenza lokhu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imfuyo idinga okungenani imitha, izinga lamanzi kuyo lingamasentimitha angama-30 noma ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukuthi amanzi ahambe. Izindawo zokuhlala nezitshalo nazo ziyadingeka. Izinhlanzi zijovwa ngamahomoni, ngemuva kwalokho zigcinwa zihlukanisiwe amahora amaningi ngaphambi kokukhishelwa lapho kudalelwa khona.
Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi kuyaphela ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ngemuva kwalokho abazali babuyiselwa e-aquarium. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, amaqanda amhlophe kufanele ahlukaniswe - ahlala engavundiswanga, amanye afakwa ku-incubator. Ngemuva kwamahora we-14-16 kuphela okuzovela gazinga. Ekuqaleni, azinyakazi: zimane zihlale emanzini, zintanta kuwo, noma zicwile phansi. Zikhuphuka phezulu ngosuku, futhi ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu kufanele zondliwe.
Banikezwa:
- ukumiswa kwe-algae;
- ama-ciliates;
- rotifers;
- isikhuphasha seqanda;
- plankton.
I-algae ingaqoqwa kusuka ezindongeni ze-aquarium. Ama-Rotifers nama-ciliates kufanele ahlungwe ngesihlungo esihle. I-yolk yengezwa ekudleni lapho i-fry iqala ukubhukuda ngokuvundlile, ne-plankton, ngokwesibonelo, i-daphnia, lapho zidlula ngesonto.
Izitha zemvelo zama-labeos amathoni amabili
Isithombe: Amalambu amabili e-Thailand
Ngokwemvelo, izitha zabo ziyefana nalezo zezinye izinhlanzi ezincane - okuwukuthi, izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, izinyoni ezivame ukondla izinhlanzi nezinye izidumbu. Yize indawo yokuhlala iwagcina ngci ama-labeo anemibala emibili, ajwayele ukuhlala emifudlaneni emincane kangangokuba izinhlanzi ezidlayo azibhukudi kuyo. Zivame ukuba yizilwane eziyizisulu eziyinhloko emizimbeni enjalo yamanzi. Kepha emifudlaneni, basengasongelwa ezinye izinhlanzi ezihlala eduze, noma ezinkulu ezikhuphuka emifuleni. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zingasongela ama-labeos yonke indawo - lesi yisitha esikhulu abahlala bebhekana naso.
Yize abantu bengaphikisana nalokhu - kungenxa yokubamba kwabo okusebenzayo ukuthi ama-labeo anemibala emibili ayesezonqamuka. Yize manje kunqatshelwe ukuzibamba, futhi azibizi kangako ukuthi lokhu kuvinjelwa kwephulwe kakhulu. Futhi, lezi zinhlanzi zidinga ukuqaphela ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye, kwesinye isikhathi zithambekele ekudobeni imifudlana yazo: amagundane amakhulu nezinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abesifazane bazalwa ngamaLabeos kakhulu kunabesilisa. Lokhu kungobunye ubunzima lapho ubazalanisa ekhaya: udinga ukuzala okungenani izinhlanzi eziyishumi nambili ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi kukhona owesilisa oyedwa phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi izinhlanzi zincane, ubulili babo abunakunqunywa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Fish bicolor labeo
Ngemuva kokutholakala kwama-labeo anemibala emibili emfuleni iChaupraya River ngawo-1930, aqala ukusabalala njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini, kwathi ngawo-1950 aqala ukungeniswa ngenkuthalo eYurophu. Abantu bemvelo ngasikhathi sinye babencipha kakhulu ngenxa yezici eziningana - ukudoba okusebenzayo, ukungcoliswa kwemifula endaweni yokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu.
Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeminyaka yama-1960, i-labeo enemibala emibili yabalwa njenganyamalala endle. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elikhulu labo lalihlala kuma-aquariums emhlabeni wonke, futhi lakhula kuphela ngenxa yokuzalaniswa kwabantu abaningi emapulazini akhethekile.
Emashumini ambalwa edlule, kwavela ukuthi babephuthuma ukwethulwa kwalezi zinhlobo ekuqothulweni - ekhoneni elikude laseThailand, kwatholakala amadamu lapho kulondolozwe khona imibala emibili. Kepha inani lalezi zinhlobo lincane, ngakho-ke lifakwa eNcwadini Ebomvu njengoba lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Inani labantu ezilwaneni zasendle kufanele livikelwe, ngoba, yize abamele abaningi balezi zinhlobo behlala ekuthunjweni, abakwazi ukumane badedelwe emvelweni, futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezinhlanzini ezikhuliswe emanzini, kepha ngisho nakumaqanda noma gazinga. Kunzima ngokwedlulele ukuphinda ufake i-labeo enemibala emibili, kuze kube manje akukaze kwenzeke lokhu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu kumbala wemibala emibili i-mucousiness yesikhumba. Lapho inyathela enhlanzini, ungabona ukuqhuma okuncane, iba yisicefe futhi ihambe idabukile, ingaqala nokuhlikihla ngamatshe. Lesi sifo sicasulwa ngamanzi asezingeni eliphansi nokugcwala ngokweqile. Ukuze uthole ukwelashwa kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile - ukumane uthuthele endaweni evumayo kakwanele.
Unogada ababili be-labeo
Isithombe: I-labeo enemibala emibili evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ngemuva kokuthi lolu hlobo "lutholakale kabusha", okusho ukuthi, lwasinda ezilwaneni zasendle, lwathathwa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa. Kokubili i-International Association for the Protection of Nature kanye neziphathimandla zaseThailand zibambe iqhaza ekulondolozweni kwayo, futhi kuze kube manje kungabhekwa ukuthi impumelelo izuziwe - uhla lwezinhlobo luhlale luzinzile eminyakeni yamuva.
Vele, ukudoba akuvunyelwe nakancane, futhi amadamu okuhlala kuwo imibala emibili ye-labeo awakwazi ukungcoliswa ukukhishwa okuyingozi - phela le nhlanzi izwela kakhulu ekuhlanzekeni kwamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwemindeni nakho kukhawulelwe ngokuqinile. Ukwephula le mithetho kujeziswa ezingeni lomthetho.
Lokhu kube nomphumela impela, ikakhulukazi ngoba asikho isidingo sokubamba i-labeo enemibala emibili - inani labo lokuthunjwa selivele likhulu impela, futhi bakhuliswa ngempumelelo. Kepha inkinga ukuthi ngezinga elikhulu i-labeo ilinyazwa ukubhujiswa kwe-ecosystem yebanga labo lilonke ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamadamu echibini laseChhauprai.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi kungenxa yalokhu, kwasekuqaleni, ukuthi indawo yalezi zinhlanzi incishisiwe. Ngenhlanhla, kulezo zindawo abasinda kuzo, azikho izinkinga eziye zaphawulwa kuze kube manje. Esikhathini esizayo, kungenzeka ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi okugcwala imicengezi yeminye imifula elele ezindaweni ezifanele zezulu - kepha ayibekwa eqhulwini ngenxa yenani eliphansi lomnotho wezinhlobo.
Amabili-ithoni labeo - inhlanzi enhle futhi enkulu ye-aquarium, kepha ngaphambi kokuyibeka kufanele uzilungiselele kahle. Udinga isikhala esiningi - kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi unaso ngokwanele, nokukhethwa okulungile komakhelwane, ngoba umlingiswa wale nhlanzi akuyona ushukela. Kunconywa ukuyigcina iyodwa, kepha ngendlela efanele, ungayigijimisa emanzini ajwayelekile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-9: 36
