Imvubu kaPygmy - isilwane esatholakala kamuva nje (ngo-1911). Izincazelo zayo zokuqala (ngamathambo nangokhakhayi) zenziwa emuva ngawo-1850s. Isazi sezilwane uHans Schombour sithathwa njengomsunguli walolu hlobo. Amanye amagama alowo muntu yimvubu ye-pygmy kanye nemvubu yaseLiberia (imvubu yesiNgisi iPygmy, isiLatin Choeropsis liberiensis).
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: imvubu ye-pygmy
Imvubu ye-pygmy ingeyomndeni wabamele izilwane ezincelisayo zemvubu. Ekuqaleni yayihlanganiswe nohlobo olujwayelekile lwezimvubu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, iqembu elehlukile lohlobo lwakhelwa yena, elibizwa ngeChoeropsis. Yize kunenqwaba yemizamo yokudweba ukufana phakathi kwezimvubu ze-pygmy nabanye abantu balesi sigaba, iqembu elihlukile lalesi sigaba sezilwane alikakhanselwa. Kusasebenza kuze kube namuhla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokwehluka kwabamele imvubu, izici zokubukeka kwazo, indlela yokuziphatha kanye nendawo okuyoxoxwa ngezansi).
Ividiyo: Imvubu kaPygmy
"Izihlobo" eziyinhloko zemvubu ye-pygmy yilezi:
- Imvubu yaseMadagascar pygmy. Inzalo yemvubu ejwayelekile. Usayizi omncane walaba bameleli uhlotshaniswa nokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zabo zokuhlala kanye nokufiphala kwesiqhingi;
- imvubu yase-nige pygmy. Okhokho balezi zilwane nabo babeyimvubu ejwayelekile. Abantu baseNigeria babehlala eNiger Delta elinganiselwe.
Zombili lezi zilwane ezihlobene azange zisinde empilweni eyedwa futhi zanyamalala esikhathini somlando. Abamele bokugcina baseNigeria babhalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. AmaMadagascars aqothulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwenkulungwane edlule.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umndeni wemvubu uhlanganisa imikhakha emibili kuphela yezimvubu: ejwayelekile nepygmy. Bonke abameleli besimanje balezi zigaba batholakala kuphela e-Afrika.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Imvubu yeMadagascar pygmy
Kakade kusuka egameni lomuntu, umuntu angaqagela ukuthi usayizi wayo mncane kakhulu kunezilinganiso zezimvubu ezijwayelekile. Lesi yisici esibaluleke kunazo zonke sokuhlukanisa abamele isigaba semifino. Ngokwesakhiwo somzimba, abantu bawo womabili amaqembu emvubu bayafana.
Lapho udweba isithombe ngengqondo yemvubu kaPygmy, thembela kulezi zici ezisemqoka zokubukeka kwakhe:
- umgogodla oyindilinga. Ngokungafani nezimvubu ezijwayelekile, izimvubu ze-pygmy zinesakhiwo esingajwayelekile somgogodla. Ingemuva ligobekile kancane, okuvumela izilwane ukuthi zimunce izitshalo ezingamile kahle ngokukhululeka;
- izitho nentamo. Lezi zingxenye zomzimba kummeleli wemifushane zinde ngokwengeziwe (uma kuqhathaniswa nemvubu ejwayelekile);
- ikhanda. Ukhakhayi lwabamele "abancishisiwe" lincane kunalelo lozakwabo abajwayelekile. Kulokhu, amehlo namakhala kuphuma phambili hhayi kakhulu. Kuphela i-incisors eyodwa kuphela ebonwa emlonyeni;
- ubukhulu. Izimvubu ezivamile zingaba nesisindo esingamathani amaningana. Isisindo esifanelekile sommeleli womuntu omdala sicishe sibe ngama-300 kg. Ukuphakama kwesilwane esinjalo kusuka ku-70 kuya ku-80 cm, futhi ubude bomzimba bucishe bube yi-160 cm;
- isikhumba. Umbala wemvubu kaPygmy ungaba luhlaza okotshani (kuhlanganiswe nomnyama) noma nsundu. Indawo yesisu ilula. Isikhumba siminyene. Izithukuthuku eziqhamukayo zivezwa ngomthunzi okhanyayo obomvana.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezimvubu ezijwayelekile ezijwayele abathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo, izimvubu ze-pygmy zivela njengohlobo lwe-mini-version. Kepha, ngeshwa, abameleli abancishisiwe bangaphansi kwabalingani babo abadala ngokwesikhathi sokuphila. Endle, izimvubu ezimfushane ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-35 ubudala (e-zoo, isikhathi sempilo yazo side ngokwengeziwe).
Ihlala kuphi imvubu?
Isithombe: Imvubu kaPygmy e-Afrika
Indawo yemvelo yezimvubu ze-pygmy amazwe ase-Afrika.
Ububanzi obukhulu balawa ma-artiodactyls buwela ku:
- ISudan (i-republic emngceleni weGibhithe, iLibya, iChad, njll., Futhi yagezwa ngamanzi oLwandle Olubomvu engxenyeni yayo esenyakatho-mpumalanga);
- ICongo (izwe elisogwini lwe-Atlantic futhi elingqamene neCameroon, i-Angola, iGabon, njll.);
- ILiberia (izwe elikwazi ukufinyelela ku-Atlantic Ocean futhi linqamula iSierra Leone, iGuinea neCote d'Ivoire).
Izimvubu zabaPygmy zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni eziluhlaza. Isici esibalulekile endaweni yazo amanzi. Lawa ma-artiodactyls ayizilwane ezinamahloni. Ngalesi sizathu, bakhetha izindawo ezinokuthula, eziyimfihlo lapho bengachitha khona isikhathi sabo ngokuthula futhi bangasongelwa izitha. Imvamisa, izimvubu ze-pygmy zikhetha amaxhaphozi amancane noma imifula egcwele ngokweqile enomsinga omncane njengendawo yabo yokuhlala. Izimvubu ziphila impilo engaphansi kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, bahlala emigodini etholakala eduze kwedamu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izimvubu zabaPygmy azizakheli indawo yazo yokuhlala. Baqeda kuphela "ukwakhiwa" kwezinye izilwane (ezinekhono lokumba phansi), bandise imisele yabo ukuze ilingane nosayizi wabo.
Abamele izimvubu abakubekezeleli ukushisa okukhulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nabo endaweni evulekile lapho kungekho khona amadamu. Imvamisa izilwane zihlala eziqiwini zombuso futhi zivikelekile eziqiwini zikazwelonke.
Manje uyazi ukuthi imvubu ye-pygmy ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani imvubu?
Isithombe: Imvubu kaPygmy evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Izimvubu zoPygmy yizilwane ezincelisayo ezidla kakhulu. Isici sabo esihlukile yisisu esinamakamelo amane. Badla kakhulu utshani obukhula kancane (yingakho kubhekiselwa kubo njengezilwane ezi-mbumbulu.) "Ukuzingelwa" kwezitshalo kuqala ngokufika kokuhlwa nokusa. Ukuphuma emgodini waso, isilwane siya "edlelweni" eliseduze futhi sidle khona amahora amathathu (ekuseni nakusihlwa).
Abantu abancane badla ngokunensa nangokuncane. Badla utshani ngosuku, ubukhulu bawo bungaqhathaniswa no-1-2% wesisindo esiphelele sesilwane (esingekho ngaphezu kwama-5 kg). Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho "nokudla okuncane" okunjalo kwanele ukuthi izimvubu zigcine impilo ephelele futhi zigcine amandla ezanele. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yemetabolism enhle yezilwane.
Imvamisa, abantu bakulesi sigaba semvubu badla izimila zasemanzini nezinhlelo zezimpande ezithambile. Izilwane zithanda ukuzitika ngamaqabunga ezihlahla zasehlathini, kanye nezithelo zazo. Bakhipha ngokuzithandela wonke amakhambi abangawafinyelela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuze uthole isithelo esimnandi noma iqabunga esihlahleni / esihlahleni esincane, izimvubu ze-pygmy zingama ngemilenze yazo yangemuva. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphambili bangacindezela phansi igatsha abalifunayo.
Abamele imvubu ababuhlafune uhlaza oluwele emlonyeni. Abasebenzisi neze amazinyo abo. Ngisho nalapho bedonsa izitshalo emhlabathini, basebenzisa izindebe zabo. Iningi lokudla kwehlela emphinjeni ngokushesha ngemuva kokukuchoboza ngezindebe zesilwane.
Ngokungafani nozakwabo abajwayelekile, abangakubukeli phansi ukudla izidumbu nezilwane ezincane ezifayo, abantu abafushane badla kuphela ukudla kokutshala (nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akukho ukuswela kosawoti namagciwane emzimbeni wabo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Imvubu yabantwana
Izimvubu zabaPygmy zihlala zodwa. Izilwane azihlangani ngamaqembu ukuze zisinde (njengoba kwenza abafowabo abakhulu besigaba). Ungababona ngababili kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimvubu zisebenzisa ukumaka kwendle ukukhombisa ukuthi zikuphi. Amasiginali we-Olfactory ayabasiza ukuxhumana ngesimo sokuzala.
Imvubu kaPygmy ayigcini ngokuba yodwa kepha futhi iyizilwane ezithule. Ikakhulukazi zihogela buthule, ziyancinza futhi zihhewula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abamele lolu hlobo bangakwazi futhi bagqume. Azikho ezinye izinkulumo zemisindo eziphawuliwe.
Bobabili abamele abesilisa nabesilisa bohlobo lwemifino bathanda ukuhlala phansi. Isikhathi esiningi (ikakhulukazi emini), zilala ezindaweni ezinamabhulokhi amancane eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi noma ezindaweni ezinqwabelene kakhulu. Izilwane ezinjalo azikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwamanzi. Lokhu kungenxa yesici sesikhumba sabo, esidinga ukugeza njalo. Izimvubu ziyofuna ukudla ebumnyameni (ukuphuma kwelanga / ukushona kwelanga).
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi lukhombisile ukuthi owesilisa omncane udinga cishe amamitha-skwele ama-2 wesikhala somuntu. Insimu yangasese ivumela izilwane ukuthi zizizwe ziphephile. Abesifazane abafuneki kangako kulokhu. Badinga kuphela amamitha-skwele angu-0.5 esikhala sabo. Bonke abamele iqembu le-dwarf abathandi ukuhlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside. Bashintsha "ikhaya" labo cishe izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto.
Kunzima impela ukuhlangana nezimvubu zepygmy endaweni yazo yemvelo. Abamele lolu hlobo banamahloni futhi akuvamile ukuthi baphume ezindaweni zabo zokucasha emini. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ezaziwayo zokubonakala kwalezi zilwane ezweni lezolimo. Kodwa nalapha, izimvubu zazikugwema ngenkuthalo ukuhlangana nabantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: imvubu ye-pygmy
Akukho mehluko wangaphandle phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa bezimvubu ezincane. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabantu bohlobo oluthile lwemifino kwenzeka ngonyaka we-3-4 wokuphila. Isikhathi sokukhwelana singenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Isici esiyimpoqo yi-estrus yabesifazane. Kuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama okhulelwe angavundiswa kaningana. Njengoba inqubo yokuzalanisa yafundwa kuphela ekuthunjweni (cishe akunakwenzeka ukugcina lesi simo kumvelo yemvelo), ukumataniswa komuntu oyedwa kwasungulwa.
Imvubu yesifazane ithwala izinyane layo kusukela ezinsukwini eziyi-180 kuya kwezingama-210. Ukuziphatha kukamama okhulelwe ngaphambi kokubeletha ngokushesha kunolaka. Uyaxwaya zonke izilwane ezizungezile, ngaleyo ndlela avikele impilo yakhe enganeni engakazalwa. Ukuvikelwa kuyaqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa "kwengane". Izimvubu zezingane zibhekwa njengezisulu ezilula zabahlaseli. Azenzelwe impilo ezimele futhi zisengozini enkulu. Ngakho-ke, umama uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ukuvikela ingane yakhe futhi ayishiye ingavamile (ukuthola ukudla kuphela).
Ngokuvamile, kuzalwa imvubu eyodwa kuphela. Kepha kube namacala (noma angavamile) amawele azalwa. Usana olusanda kuzalwa lukala cishe u-5-7 kg. Izilwane ezizalwayo sezivele zikhule kahle. Ekuqaleni, awanakushukuma futhi asendaweni lapho azalelwa khona. Umama uyabashiya ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze athole ukudla. Zifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa ubudala, zondla ubisi kuphela. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikhathi sokwakheka kwabo siqala endaweni yemvelo - umzali ufundisa ithole ukuba lidle utshani namaqabunga ezihlahla ezincane.
Izimvubu zesifazane zingabeletha emzimbeni nasemanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzalwa okuningi kwamanzi kugcina ngokuminza kwethole. Izilwane zikulungele ukukhulelwa okusha kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-7-9 ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane. Ukutadisha inqubo yokuzalanisa izimvubu kwenziwa kuphela ekuthunjweni. Ososayensi namanje abakwazi ukwenza ukubuka okuphelele kwezilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo. Lokhu kungenxa yenombolo yabo encane nezici zendawo.
Izitha zemvelo zezimvubu ze-pygmy
Isithombe: Imvubu yePygmy ngokwemvelo
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izimvubu ze-pygmy zinezitha eziningana ezinkulu ngasikhathi sinye:
- izingwenya yizilwane ezidla ezinye eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Bayingxenye yeqembu lezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Zizingela noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kulabo abameleli bemvubu abakhetha ukulala phansi eduze nemizimba yamanzi. Bayakwazi ukuthola izimvubu njengezisulu, eziphindwe kaningi kunabo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izingwenya azihlafune isidumbu esibulewe (ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samazinyo azo, azikwazi ukwenza lokhu). Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu zidwengula isilwane esibulewe sibe izicucu futhi sigwinye ngokuphelele izingcezu zomzimba waso. Izingwenya zikhetha kakhulu izimvubu ezibuthakathaka bese ziyaminza. Abantu abasanda kuzalwa basengozini enkulu;
- izingwe yizilwane ezidla izilwane ezesabekayo kunazo zonke ezivela esigabeni sezinambuzane. Zizingela izimvubu ikakhulu zizodwa. Ingwe iyakwazi ukulinda isisulu ngokuqamekela isikhathi eside. Umhlangano nesilwane esinjalo sabantu bemvubu cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi uphela ngokudabukisayo. Ngaphezu kokuzingela ngokuzimela, amakati ajwayele ukuthatha izisulu kwezinye izidalwa esezivele zithintekile. Ubungozi bokuthi ingwe ihlasele imvubu ye-pygmy iyanda ebumnyameni - lapho izilwane ziphuma ziyofuna ukudla;
- Ama-hieroglyphic pythons ayizinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu ezingezona ezinobuthi ezivela ekilasini lama-pythons wangempela. Abantu abanjalo bazingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Bahamba buthule emanzini nasemhlabeni, okubavumela ukuba banyonyobele isisulu benganakiwe. Izimbila zithinta izimvubu ezinesisindo esingeqile ku-30 kg. Ngemuva kokuklinya isisulu, inyoka iqala ukumunwa kwayo kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokudla okunomsoco, i-python ingahlala ngaphandle kokudla amasonto ambalwa.
Phambilini, abantu ababenza ukudoba okungalawulwa babhekwa njengesitha esikhulu semvubu ye-pygmy. Lezi zilwane zaziyigugu emakethe emnyama futhi zathengwa ngemali ephezulu. Nokho, namuhla imisebenzi enjalo isinyamalele. Abantu baleli qembu lezimvubu bangaphansi kokulawulwa okukhethekile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Imvubu kaPygmy eLiberia
Ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi okusebenzayo kanye nezenzo ezingekho emthethweni zezakhamizi zase-Afrika (ukubulala nokuthengiswa kwezilwane), izimvubu ezincane zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Izingane ezizalelwe emvelweni yemvelo akuvamile ukuthi ziphile iminyaka evundile.
Kunezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile zalokhu:
- ukuwohloka kwezimo zokuphila. Ukuhlala unomphela kwezindawo ezintsha ngabantu kudinga ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokutshalwa kwamadlelo emvelo. Ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphakeme, amadamu ayoma. Ngenxa yalokho, izimvubu zincishwa indawo ejwayelekile yokuphila. Abakwazi ukuthola ukudla okwanele (ngoba abakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade) nezindawo zokucasha ezihloniphekile. Njengomphumela - ukufa kwezilwane.
- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ukulawulwa okuqinile kwabantu abafushane akubakhathazi abazingeli abangekho emthethweni base-Afrika. Kusezandleni zabo ukuthi iningi lezilwane emhlabeni zifa. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kungavaliwe ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo. Ukubulawa kwezilwane kuchazwa yisikhumba sazo esiqinile nenyama enambithekayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa, izimvubu ziye zadluliselwa ngokuzibandakanya eqenjini lezilwane ezifuywayo isikhathi esithile. Bangathengwa ngokukhululekile ngamadola ayizinkulungwane eziningana futhi "bafundiswe" bebodwa, kusimangaze isivakashi ngasinye esinomqashi ongajwayelekile wefulethi.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimvubu zepygmy
Isithombe: Imvubu kaPygmy evela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Inani lezilwane kuleli qembu liyancipha. Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule kuphela, inani lezimvubu ze-pygmy lehle ngo-15-20%. Inani lamanje labameleli bezimvubu ze-pygmy kuleli khulu lamanje selifinyelele ezinkulungwaneni eziyinkulungwane (ngokuqhathanisa, ngekhulu lama-XX kwakukhona cishe abayi-3 000 abamele lesi sigaba).
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izimvubu zabaPygmy ezibalekela isitha esingaba khona aziphunyuki ziye emanzini (yize le ndawo ithathwa njengephephe ngokwanele). Izilwane zikhetha ukucasha emahlathini.
Izilwane zohlobo lwemifino, ngeshwa, zingezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Yingakho kuhlelwa izimo ezikhethekile kuwo ama-zoo namapaki kazwelonke.Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yezilwane endaweni eyenziwe ngokwenziwa (ukuthunjwa) ingcono kakhulu futhi isezingeni eliphakeme (izilwane zingaphila iminyaka engafika kwengama-40-45).
Imvubu kaPygmy - indalo eyingqayizivele, okuyiyo, ngeshwa, minyaka yonke kuncane futhi kuncane. Lolu hlobo lwemvubu lubhalwe kwiRed Book enesimo esithi “Izinhlobo Zezinto Ezisengozini Yokushabalala”. Umsebenzi osebenzayo uyaqhubeka wokubuyisa inani labantu, kepha inqubekela phambili ihamba kancane. Abamele ukuvikelwa kwezilwane zasendle minyaka yonke bathuthukisa izinhlelo eziningi ngokwengeziwe zokongiwa kwabantu. Siyethemba ukuthi inani lezimvubu ze-pygmy lizokhula kuphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/10/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-21: 12
