Ingwevu empunga - inyoni encane yasendle, elingana nenkukhu ejwayelekile yasekhaya. Inombala o-blue-grey othulisiwe onamachashaza afanayo wesici nephethini ye-variegated. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lohlobo lwezinhlayiya ezinendawo yokuhlala ebanzi. Izinkukhu zasendle, njengoba zivame ukubizwa kanjalo, zinezinyama ezinomsoco futhi ezihlwabusayo, ngenxa yokuthi ziyisihloko esiyintandokazi yokuzingela hhayi abantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu lezilwane zasendle nezinyoni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ingwevu empunga
I-partridge empunga ihlala kulo lonke elase-Eurasia futhi yalethwa eMelika, lapho yaqala khona ngempumelelo enkulu. Kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezingaphansi kwale nyoni, ngayinye ehlukile ngezici zombala, ubukhulu, kanye namandla okuzala. Ngokusho kososayensi, iqabunga elimpunga lavela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinyoni zangaphambi komlando. Ngisho nabaseNeanderthal babazingela, njengoba kufakazelwa yimiphumela yokumba okuningi kanye nocwaningo olunzulu. Njengohlobo oluzimele, iqabunga elimpunga lahlukaniswa amashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka eyedlule endaweni yaseNyakatho yeMongolia, eTransbaikalia, futhi kusukela lapho ayikashintshi.
Ividiyo: Ingwevu emhlophe
I-partridge empunga ingeyomndeni we-pheasant, ukuhleleka kwezinkukhu. Akuvamile ukuhlala ezihlahleni ngakho-ke kubhekwa njengenyoni yasemhlabeni. Ngaphandle kwenani elikhulu labantu abafuna ukuzitika ngalo, ithonya elinamandla lezimo zezulu ekusindeni kwenzalo, ubusika obunzima ngaphandle kokubalekela ezifundeni ezifudumele, inani labantu lihlala likhulu impela futhi lilulama ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi esingesihle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngisho namasiko omhlaba awayivikelanga le nyoni empunga, engabonakali. Izinganekwane zaseGrisi lasendulo zilandisa ngesenzo esingalungile somklami oziqhenyayo uDaedalus, lapho elahla umfundi wakhe eweni. Kepha u-Athena waguqula le nsizwa yaba yikhokhovu empunga futhi ayizange ishayeke. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, yingakho ama-partridges engathandi ukundizela phezulu, ancamela ukuchitha impilo yakhe yonke emhlabathini.
Ngokumelene nezitha zakhe, unezikhali ezimbili kuphela: umbala we-variegated, okuvumela ukuthi ulahleke emahlamvu kanye nokukwazi ukugijima ngokushesha, kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo i-partridge empunga isuka ukuzama ukweqa kumzingeli. Ngokucabangela ukunambitheka okuphezulu nezimfanelo zokudla okunempilo kwenyama yayo, ukungathobeki, le nyoni ikhuliswe ngempumelelo ekuthunjweni, kepha ngokudla okukhethekile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inhlayiya empunga
I-Partridge empunga inezici zayo ezingakhohlakali, okulula ukubona ngazo:
- usayizi omncane womzimba kusuka ku-28 kuye ku-31 cm, amaphiko evula ama-45-48 cm, isisindo sisuka ku-300 kuye ku-450 amagremu;
- ibonakala ngesisu esimpunga esiyindilinga esinendawo enombala okhanyayo ngesimo sehhashi, ikhanda elincane elinomlomo omnyama, iqolo elimpunga elithuthuke kahle elinamachashaza ansundu anemibala;
- imilenze yalolu hlobo inombala onsundu, intamo nekhanda kuyakhanya, kucishe kube owolintshi. Izimpaphe zabesifazane azinhle njengalezo zabesilisa futhi zivame ukuba zincane;
- abantu abasha banemivimbo emide futhi ehlukahlukene emide emaceleni omzimba, ayanyamalala lapho inyoni ikhula.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wombala we-variegated ukufihla. Izinyoni minyaka yonke ziya molting, eziqala ekuqaleni ngezimpaphe eziyinhloko, bese zidlulela kwabanye futhi ziphele ngokuphelele kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekwindla. Ngenxa yobuningi bezimpaphe ne-molting ejwayelekile, ama-partridges akwazi ukuhlala noma eqhweni neqhwa elilinganiselayo. Ubuningi babo bonke abantu abaphila emvelweni abenzi izindiza zaminyaka yonke ezifundeni ezifudumele, kepha bahlala ebusika endaweni yabo yokuhlala unomphela. Bafuna ukudla, bamba izimbobo eqhweni kuze kufike kumamitha angama-50 ubude, ezikhathini ezibandayo ikakhulukazi abaziqoqela kuzo ngamaqembu wonke, bafudumale.
Ihlala kuphi ipartridge empunga?
Isithombe: Ingwevu empunga eRussia
Ikhwele elimpunga ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka litholakala cishe yonke indawo kuzo zonke izingxenye eziseningizimu nasenkabeni yeRussia, e-Altai, eSiberia, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kubandakanya iGerman, Great Britain, Canada neNyakatho Melika, nasentshonalanga ye-Asia. Izifunda eziseningizimu yeWestern Siberia neKazakhstan zithathwa njengendawo yokuhlala yemvelo.
Izindawo azithandayo:
- ihlathi eliminyene, ama-groves, imiphetho yehlathi;
- izimfunda ezinotshani obuminyene, obude, indawo evulekile eneziqhingana zezihlahla, imihosha;
- kwezinye izimo, i-partridge empunga ihlala ngokuzithandela ezindaweni ezinamanzi, kepha ikhetha iziqhingi ezomile ezinezimila eziminyene.
Ezimweni ezikahle kakhulu, udinga isikhala nokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezihlahlana, utshani obude, lapho ungacasha khona kalula, wakhe isidleke, futhi uthole nokudla. Imvamisa i-partridge ihlala eduze nezinsimu ezinezitshalo ze-oats, i-buckwheat, i-millet. Isiza ezolimo ngokukhotha izinambuzane eziyingozi nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla ezahlukahlukene ezisongela izitshalo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengoba ukhethe indawo yokuhlala, ama-partridges ampunga awalishiyi. Lapha, kukho konke ukuphila kwabo, bakha izidleke, bakhulise inzalo, bondle, wona, amaphuphu asekhulile nawo azohlala endaweni efanayo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ipartridge empunga ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idliwani ipartridge empunga?
Isithombe: Ingwevu emhlophe ngokwemvelo
Abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo badla ikakhulukazi ekudleni kwezitshalo: utshani, imbewu yezitshalo, amajikijolo, kwesinye isikhathi bangezela ekudleni ngengxenye encane yokudla kwezilwane. Inzalo ekhulayo yondliwa kuphela izinambuzane, izikelemu, izibungu ezahlukahlukene nezicabucabu, njengoba zikhula, zishintshela ekudleni okujwayelekile kwabantu abadala.
Konke ukudla kwezinyoni kutholakala kuphela emhlabathini. Ebusika, ukudla kuyindlala kakhulu, ama-partridges kufanele adabule iqhwa ngezidladla zawo eziqinile ukufinyelela otshanini basendle kanye nembewu yayo. Kulokhu bavame ukusizwa yizimbobo zonogwaja. Kwesinye isikhathi bangadla emasimini ezolimo ngokolweni wasebusika, inqobo nje uma ungqimba lweqhwa alulukhulu kakhulu.
Ebusika obunzima kakhulu, obuvame ukuza ngemuva kwehlobo nemvula ekwindla enesivuno esibi, bavame ukusondela ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu, bandizele emikhombeni yokudla yamapulazi emfuyo befuna izitaki zotshani lapho ungathola khona kalula okusanhlamvu kwezitshalo zezolimo. Entwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi izingxenye ezinamanzi zezitshalo ezihlanganiswe nezinambuzane ziyadliwa. Abantu basheshe balulame ngemuva kobusika obulambile futhi bakulungele ukuqeda amatshwele ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
Akunconyelwe ukusebenzisa ukudla okuvamile kwezinkukhu ekukhuliseni kwasekhokho okusampunga. Kuyadingeka ukusondeza eduze ngangokunokwenzeka ekudleni kwemvelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ukufa kwabo, ukwenqaba ukubeka amaqanda nokufukamela kwenzalo kungenzeka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ama-partridges empunga
I-partridge empunga ibhekwa ngokuyinhloko njengenyoni yomhlaba. Uyakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha nangokuqondisa ngobuciko otshanini obude, phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahlana. Isuka ikakhulu lapho kukhona ingozi enkulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye ishaya amaphiko ayo kakhulu, indize ibangana elifushane phansi ngenhla komhlaba, bese ibuye ihlale futhi, idukise umhlaseli. Kwesinye isikhathi ikwazi ukundiza ibanga elifushane ifuna ukudla futhi ngasikhathi sinye ingaweli imingcele yendawo yayo ejwayelekile, kepha lokhu akusho ukuthi ayikwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza ezinde - futhi isemandleni ayo.
Ngesikhathi sokugijima, inkukhu yasendle iba mpo ngokuqinile, iphakamise ikhanda layo phezulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhamba okujwayelekile ihamba kancane igobile, ibheke indawo ezungezile ngokubukeka okushubile. Le yinyoni enamahloni futhi ethule kakhulu, kuyaqabukela uzwe izwi layo. Uma kuphela ngesikhathi semidlalo yokukhwelana noma ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa okungalindelekile, lapho benza umsindo omkhulu kakhulu ofana nowakhe.
Emini, ukondla kuthatha amahora ama-2-3 kuphela kuma-partridges, sonke isikhathi abasifihla ezihlahleni zotshani, bahlanze izimpaphe zabo futhi banakekele wonke ama-rustles. Amahora asebenza kakhulu awela ekuseni nakusihlwa, ubusuku yisikhathi sokuphumula.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kusuka ezifundeni ezinobusika obuneqhwa ikakhulukazi, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-partridges ampunga aya eningizimu, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukufika ekudleni ngaphansi koqweqwe olujiyile. Kwezinye izindawo, izinkukhu zasendle zihlala ebusika futhi kukho konke ukuphila kwazo zenza izindiza ezingavamile kuphela emabangeni amafushane zifuna ukudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inhlayiya empunga
Lolu hlobo lwenhlayiya luyinto eyodwa. Imibhangqwana phakathi kwezinkukhu zasendle ivame ukuqhubeka impilo yonke. Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza elilinganayo ekondleni nasekuvikeleni inzalo. Izinkukhu zasendle zizalela amaqanda kanye ngonyaka ekuqaleni kukaMeyi zisuka kumaqanda ayi-15 kuye kwangama-25 ngasikhathi sinye. Izidleke zepartridge zakhiwa khona kanye emhlabathini, zifihlwe otshanini, ngaphansi kwezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, okuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-23, insikazi ngezikhathi ezithile ishiya i-clutch kuphela ukuze ithole ukudla; ngesikhathi ingekho, iduna lisondele esidlekeni futhi liyazwela esimeni esiseduze.
Lapho kuvela umhlaseli noma enye ingozi, bobabili bazama ukuphambukisa konke ukunaka kubo, kancane kancane basuke ku-clutch, bese kuthi, lapho kungekho songo, babuye. Abesilisa bavame ukufa phakathi nalesi sikhathi, bazidela ukuphepha amaphuphu abo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza okuphezulu kwenzalo, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni yemvula, lonke leli brood lingafa ngasikhathi sinye, ngoba izidleke zitholakala phansi. Inzalo ichanyuselwa cishe ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngokoqobo ngokushesha ilungele ukulandela abazali bayo endaweni abahlala kuyo ibanga elifinyelela kumamitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Amaphuphu asevele enezimpaphe, abone futhi ezwe kahle, futhi afunde ngokushesha.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isonto ngemuva kokuzalwa kwamantshontsho enhlanyelo empunga asevele esekwazi ukusuka, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa aselungele izindiza zamabanga amade nabazali bawo.
Ama-grey partridges yizinyoni zenhlalo ezihlangana njalo. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, bahlala emihlambini yabantu abangama-25-30, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, imihlambi ibalelwa uhhafu wezinyoni eziningi. Uma omunye wabazali efa, owesibili uyinakekela ngokuphelele inzalo; uma ababili befa, amaphuphu ahlala ekunakekelweni kweminye imindeni yamaphaseji ahlala eduze. Ebusika obunzima kakhulu, izinyoni zihlangana ngamaqembu asondelene futhi zihlala eduze kwemihume emincane yeqhwa, ngoba kulula ukufudumala ndawonye, futhi lapho kuqala ukuncibilika ziphinde zisakazeke ezindaweni zazo eziyimfihlo.
Izitha zemvelo zamagreyidi wepunga
Isithombe: Ama-partridges empunga
Ama-grey partridges anezitha eziningi zemvelo:
- ama-kites, ama-gyrfalcons, izikhova nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngisho namagwababa angazingela ama-partridges akhulayo;
- ama-ferrets, izimpungushe, izimpungushe ezibandayo kanye nezinye izakhamuzi eziningi ezidla amahlathi namasimu.
Ngenxa yobuningi bezitha, intendele engajwayelekile iphila ize ifike eminyakeni emi-4 ubudala, yize ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle abantu abaningi bayakwazi ukuphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10. Akanalutho lokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngaphandle kwemibala yakhe yokufihla. I-Partridge empunga ibhekwa njengesisulu esilula. Kungakho owesilisa nowesilisa benakekela futhi bavikele inzalo yabo ngaleyo ndlela. Kungenxa yokuzala okuphezulu nokuzivumelanisa okusheshayo kwamachwane, inani lezinkukhu zasendle alikho engozini.
Ngaphezu kwezitha zemvelo, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwezibulala-zinambuzane ezahlukahlukene kwezolimo nakho kuletha umonakalo omkhulu kubantu bezindawo ezimpunga. Uma umhlambi uhlala eduzane nendawo yokuhlala, khona-ke ngisho amakati nezinja bangawavakashela ukuze bazuze kubantu abasha. Ama-Hedgehogs, izinyoka ziphuka kalula izidleke futhi zidle amaqanda. Ikakhulukazi ubusika obuneqhwa neqhwa nakho kuyisizathu sokufa kwenani elikhulu lamapheshana. Ngalesi sikhathi, baba buthakathaka kakhulu ngenxa yokudla okunganele futhi baba yizisulu ezilula zezilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ingwevu empunga ebusika
Ikholishi elimpunga okwamanje alikho eRed Book laseRussia, ngokungafani nomzala walo, ukhokho omhlophe, osengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele. Isimo salezi zinhlobo sizinzile ngenxa yokuzala okuphezulu kakhulu nokusinda kwenzalo.
Kusukela ukuphela kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa, sekudlule amakhulu eminyaka, inani labantu seliqale ukwehla yonke indawo, abaningi bahlobanisa lokhu nokwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amasimu ezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha akhula ngokushesha ahlala ezindaweni ezijwayelekileyo zezindawo ezimpunga, ngisho nezinja ezijwayelekile zasegcekeni ziba yingozi ezinganeni zazo. Isibonelo, esifundeni saseLeningrad namuhla akukho bantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane, esifundeni saseMoscow ngaphezulu. Ngalesi sizathu, isikhwebu esimpunga siseRed Book yalezi zindawo nezinye eziningi ezisenkabeni yezwe.
Abaqaphi bezinyoni bagcina inani le-partridge ngokubadedela njalo abantu ababekhuliswe ngaphambili ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Ezimweni zokufakelwa, bazizwa bekhululekile kakhulu bese kuthi, emvelweni, basheshe bathathe izimpande, banikeze inzalo. Izibikezelo zingaphezu kokuhle, ngokusho kochwepheshe, inani labantu lingabuyiselwa kuyo yonke indawo futhi akukho songo sokuqothulwa okuphelele kwepartridge empunga - imvelo uqobo yayinakekela lolu hlobo, ilunikeza ngamazinga aphezulu okuzala.
Ingwevu empunga, naphezu kokuthi iyinyoni yasendle, ibilokhu iseduze kwabantu izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka. Kwakuyindebe ehahelwa ngabazingeli basendulo, futhi kusukela lapho akukho okushintshile - kuyazingelwa futhi, inyama yayo ithathwa njengokumnandi nokunomsoco. Kubuye kuthanjiswe kalula, kukhuliswe emakhejini omoya avulekile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/10/2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/24/2019 ngo-21: 14
