I-Mouflon - omunye wabamele izinqama, ohlukaniswa ngosayizi omncane. Isabalele eYurophu, e-Asia naseziqhingini zaseMedithera. Yizimbumbulu ezingokhokho bezimvu ezivamile ezifuywayo, ngoba lolu hlobo lwenqama lunezimpande zokhokho balo olujulile endulo. Ama-Mouflons anokuhluka okuthile kulo lonke uhlobo lwezinqama, futhi ayahlukahluka ngaphakathi kohlobo, kuye ngendawo yokuhlala.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mouflon
IMouflon yisilwane sohlobo lwezinqama, siyakhazimula ngama-artiodactyls. AmaMouflon ayizihlobo eziseduze zezimvu zasendle. Zonke izilwane ezivela kuhlobo lwezinqama zinezici eziningi ezihlukile ezitholakala kubamele abaningi.
Okungukuthi:
- ukukhula lapho kubuna kufinyelela kuma-65 cm kwabesifazane kuze kufike kuma-125 cm kwabesilisa;
- azikaze (noma kuyaqabukela - kwezinye izinhlobo) azishintshi ijazi lazo, kepha umbala uyehluka ngokukhanya ucishe ube mnyama;
- abesilisa bavame ukugqoka umhlwenga entanyeni, kuthi lapho ikhulile inqama, imane ibe mkhulu;
- izinqama zivame ukudideka nezimbuzi, kepha izici ezihlukile ukungabi nentshebe ebusweni nasezimpondweni ezigobile (ezimbuzini ziqondile);
- izinqama ziphila cishe iminyaka eyi-10-12;
- izinqama zinezimpondo ezigoqelwe ekuvuleni, futhi uma endala iba yinduna, izimpondo ziba zinde futhi zigobe kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwesinye isikhathi ezinqameni ezindala, izimpondo zifinyelela kubude obude kangangokuba ziqala ukuluma ngemikhawulo ebukhali kugebhezi lwazo, zikhulele kulo. Abanye abantu bafa ngenxa yezimpondo zabo.
Isisindo sezinqama siyahlukahluka - kungaba ngabantu abaphakathi nendawo abangafika kuma-20 kg, kanti imidondoshiya ingama-200 kg. Kunezinhlobo eziningi kuhlobo lozalo, ngalunye lwazo olunenombolo ethile yama-chromosomes. Ngaphandle komehluko wenombolo, izinhlobo zabantu zingazalana zodwa. Izazi zofuzo zisebenzise leli thuba ukuzala ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, inzalo ephumelela kakhulu yezimvu ezifuywayo, ezicebile ngoboya, inyama nemvelo ethambile.
Ividiyo: IMouflon
Zonke izinqama ziyizilwane ezishona njalo, okuyisici sezinambuzane ezidla izilwane ngokujwayelekile, yize ebusuku zingehlela ezindaweni eziphansi ziyoklabisa otshanini. Abesifazane abanamathole benza ama-harems, aphethwe yindoda eyodwa evelele. Kepha abesilisa bahlala eqenjini elihlukile lapho kunesigaba sobukhosi esiqinile. Kumiswa ngobude bezimpondo (lezo ezinezimpondo ezinde zinamandla) noma ngezingqinamba. Abesilisa bakhombisa amandla abo ezimpondweni; kwesinye isikhathi izimpi ezinjalo zifinyelela ekufeni kwabaphikisi.
Iningi lezinhlobo zezinqama zikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba: imilenze yazo iguqulelwa ukuhamba emadwaleni nasemadwaleni, futhi kunezilwane ezizingelayo ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kepha kunezinhlobo zezinqama ezihlala ezingwadule nasemathafeni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sheep Mouflon
Ama-Mouflons yizilwane ezinamandla ezifika ku-70 cm ukuphakama lapho zibuna. Banengubo emfushane, emaholo kanombala onsundu, onsundu ngokumnyama noma ocishe ube mnyama. Ebusika, uboya buba mnyama, buvikeleke; ehlobo, abesifazane bangaba nomthunzi oseduze nokubomvu. Kwesinye isikhathi ezinhlangothini zabesilisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncinza, kuvela amamaki amhlophe ansundu woboya obuthambile obukhulu. Imilenze, isisu, emuva, ikhala futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, intamo - emhlophe, mpunga okhanyayo noma obomvu ngokukhanyayo. Abesilisa banomhlwenga omncane ngaphakathi entanyeni oqhubeka uze ufike esifubeni futhi kwesinye isikhathi ufinyelela kubude bamadolo.
Ubude, inqama enkulu ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.25, okuyi-10 cm yayo umsila wayo. Futhi, abesilisa banezimpondo ezinkulu ezisakazeka ezisonga zibe amasongo. Ubude obuphakathi kwezimpondo ezinjalo bungamasentimitha angama-65, kepha ziyakhula impilo yonke futhi zingafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-80. Izimpondo zigobile ngemiphetho ebukhali ngaphakathi, zinamachashaza ajikelezayo, anciphisa isisindo sazo futhi enze izimpondo ziqine ngokwengeziwe. Abesifazane abanazo izimpondo noma banezimpondo ezincane kakhulu - abadingi ukwakha ubukhosi emkhayeni.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Izimpondo zamanye ama-mouflon zinesilinganiso segolide.
Ama-Mouflons anezinhlobo ezimbili ezincane, kepha awahlukile ngokuyisisekelo komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, i-mouflon yaseYurophu incane ngosayizi wesihlobo sayo, i-mouflon yaseTranscaucasian. Uma ukukhula kwe-Europe kungama-70 cm lapho kubuna, khona-ke iTranscaucasian ingafinyelela kuma-cm 90. Umbala wesibili, njengomthetho, ubamnyama kancane, ngoba ijazi liyajiya futhi liyaqina ngenxa yezimo zokuphila ezibandayo. Esigabeni sokuqala, kunama-subspecies amaningi ama-mouflon, kepha wonke angamagatsha alezi zinhlobo ezimbili, ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.
Ukhakhayi lwe-mouflon yesilisa kwesinye isikhathi lufinyelela ku-300 cm ubude, kwabesifazane luba phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-250. Ama-Mouflons angenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinqama ezihlale zishintsha uboya bazo kahle, zizifudumeze ubusika futhi zichithe ingubo yangaphansi entwasahlobo. Amawundlu azalwa ekhanya ngombala, kepha ngomthethosisekelo oqinile, ngakho-ke, ngosuku lokuqala angakwazi ukugijima kahle, futhi kamuva - akhuphuke amatshe amakhulu namatshe ngokulingana nonina.
Uhlala kuphi umhlonyane?
Isithombe: IMouflon eRussia
Izinhlobo ezimbili ze-mouflon zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene, kepha indawo yazo yokuhlala iyindawo enamadwala.
I-mouflon yaseYurophu phambilini yayiyinto yokuzingelwa okusebenzayo, ngakho-ke namuhla, ngaphezu kwezinqolobane, ingatholakala ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- isiqhingi saseCorsica. Le yindawo yokuhlala enethezekile yezimvu, ngoba lesi siqhingi simbozwe izintaba eziphakeme ezipholile, sinendawo ebanzi impela yamahlathi namathafa. Izimvu zitholakala enkabeni yesiqhingi;
- isiqhingi saseSardinia; isimo sezulu esomile sihlanganiswa nobusika obumnandi. Izimvu zihlala kuso sonke isiqhingi, kepha ikakhulukazi emathafeni;
- indawo yokufakelwa yenziwa engxenyeni eseningizimu yeYurophu.
Lolu hlobo lwe-mouflon luthanda indawo enezintaba, iwele ngezindawo eziyizicaba - ebusika izimvu ziya emadwaleni, kuthi ehlobo ziye phansi ziyoklaba ethafeni. Imihlambi yama-mouflon aseYurophu ingafinyelela emakhanda ayikhulu, kodwa onke angabesifazane. Abesilisa bajoyina umhlambi kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngenkathi yesizini, lapho behlela izimpi zomqhudelwano ngelungelo lokukhwelana.
I-mouflon yase-Asia (noma iTranscaucasian) ingatholakala kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:
- I-Transcaucasia;
- I-Turkmenistan;
- ITajikistan;
- iziqhingi zoLwandle iMedithera. Izimvu zilethwa lapha ngabahlali ekuqaleni njengokudla ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komhlaba, kepha abanye abantu bakwazile ukuzala futhi bavumelane nesimo sezulu esishisayo;
- enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngo-2018, i-mouflon yase-Asia yatholwa ethafeni lase-Ustyurut eKazakhstan. Le yindawo eyihlane egqumeni elincane, kepha izinqama zikwazi ukuzijwayeza ngempumelelo ukuhlala kule ndawo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-ram mouflon yasendle ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Udlani umhlonyane?
Isithombe: I-mouflon yesifazane
Indawo enezintaba, okuhlala kuyo iningi lama-mouflon ase-Asia, alicebile ngohlaza. Izimvu zifunde ukumba izimpande zezitshalo futhi zifune ukudla emaweni. Ngokuya ngokutholakala kwamanzi okuphuza nokudla, ama-mouflon angahamba esuka endaweni eya kwenye.
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwama-mouflon yile:
- utshani obuluhlaza;
- okusanhlamvu;
- izimpande;
- amagatsha omile;
- tshala izithelo, amahlumela;
- amajikijolo;
- amaqabunga ezihlahla zezithelo.
Ehlobo, ama-mouflon adla kakhulu, ngoba adinga ukukhuluphala ngaphambi kobusika, lapho ukudla kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukukuthola. Isisu sezinqama siyakwazi ukugaya izinhlobo zezitshalo ezinzima, ezisiza kakhulu ebusika. Ebusika, bancipha ngokuphawulekayo; abanye besilisa, abahlala emazingeni aphansi kakhulu esigabeni sabaphathi, abaphili ebusika ngenxa yokushoda kokudla.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinqama ziyaya emasimini ezolimo, lapho zondla khona ukolweni nokunye okusanhlamvu. Ziyashesha ukukhuluphala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifushane, umhlambi wezimvu ungadala umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni. Zenza umonakalo ofanayo kumahlumela amancane avela emathafeni entwasahlobo. Izimvu, zehla ezintabeni, zize zidle izihlahla ezincane nezihlahlana, zimba izimpande zazo.
AmaMouflon kuyaqabukela edinga amanzi, ngoba ayakwazi ukuphuza ngisho namanzi anosawoti kakhulu - umzimba wawo uwucubungula kahle usawoti. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukuhlala ezindaweni lapho izidumbu zingakwazi ukuhlala kahle ngenxa yokushoda kwamanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ama-mouflons aseCrimea
Ama-Mouflons, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinqama, ahlala emihlambini engafinyelela ekhulwini. Umhlambi wakhiwe ngezinsikazi namawundlu. Abukho ubukhosi obuphezulu kulo mhlambi, amawundlu akhuliswa hhayi ngonina kuphela, kodwa nangezinye izimvu. Abesilisa bahlala ngokuhlukana nabesifazane emhlambini omncane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ETranscaucasia, inqama yesilisa ibizwa nge- "mufrone", kuthi eyensikazi ibizwa nge- "mufr".
Ubukhosi bomhlambi wamadoda buhlukile emhlambini wabesifazane: kune-alpha egcina zonke izinqama ngokuzithoba. Ngemuva kwe-alpha, kunezinqama eziningana ezihlala ezingeni elilandelayo lobuholi - njalonjalo kuze kufike eqenjini le-omegas. Njengomthetho, lezi yizinqama ezisencane noma abantu abalimele nabagulayo, kanye nezinqama ezilahlekelwe izimpondo zazo ngasizathu simbe.
Izimpondo ziwuphawu lwesimo senhlalo phakathi kwezinqama. Ngisho nenqama endala enezimpondo ezinwetshiwe izoba nesikhundla esiphakeme senhlalo emhlambini. Izimvu zihlela izimpi zomqhudelwano phakathi nesikhathi sokuxaka, lapho kunqunywa ukuthi ngubani onelungelo lokuqoma nowesifazane. Inqama enamandla kakhulu izovundisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezimvu, kuyilapho inqama ebuthakathaka kakhulu ingenakuba nelungelo lokukhwelana nhlobo.
Ngokwabo, izinqama ziyizilwane ezizolile nezinamahloni, okuyinto ejwayelekile yezilwane ezidla izilwane. Ebusika, lapho ebhekene nengozi, ngisho nabesilisa abanamandla bangakhetha ukubaleka, kuphela lapho bephoqeleka ukuthi balwe nembangi. Ebusika, lezi zilwane ziba buthakathaka ngenxa yokushoda kokudla, ngakho-ke zicasha ezindaweni ezinezintaba ukuze zihlangane nezilwane ezihlasela kakhulu.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izinqama zesilisa ziba nolaka, kuyingozi ukusondela kuzo. Isikhathi sobudlova obukhulu siphakathi nesikhathi, lapho abesilisa belwela ilungelo lokushada. Abesifazane bahlala benamahloni, kepha uma ingozi isongela iwundlu layo, iyakwazi ukubuyisa isitha. Ama-mouflon awesilisa awawuvikeli umhlambi nganoma iyiphi indlela; ngenxa yokushoda komholi oyedwa, izinqama zizulazula ngokuzenzekelayo, zihamba ngemuva kokuphuza amanzi nokudla.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-mouflon yase-Armenia
Ngenkathi yesikhunta, umhlambi wama-mouflon wesilisa uhlangana nomhlambi wezinsikazi endaweni eyisicaba. Lapho, abesilisa baqala imiqhudelwano yelungelo lokukhwelana nabesifazane. Imiqhudelwano iyizimpi lapho abesilisa ababili begilana ngezimpondo zabo. Isakhiwo sabo sogebhezi siyabavumela ukuthi babekezelele ukushaywa okunzima ngaphandle kokulimaza uhlelo lwezinzwa nobuchopho. Kwesinye isikhathi izimpi ezinjalo ziyadabukisa kwabesilisa ababuthaka, ngoba bangathola ukulimala okungathi sína noma bafe nokufa. Futhi, kuvame ukuthi kube khona amacala okuthi ama-mouflon axhumane nezimpondo zawo futhi awakwazi ukuhlakazeka.
U-Rut uqala ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kuye ngendawo okuhlala kuyo i-mouflon - kungaba ngoMashi-Ephreli noma ngoDisemba, uma isilwane singahlali endaweni ebandayo. Abesifazane bahlukaniswe ngemihlambi emincane yabantu abayi-10-15, lapho kufika khona amadoda angama-4-6. Ngaphambi kokushayisana nezimpondo, abesilisa bahlakazeka kuze kufike kumamitha angama-20 bese beshayisana ngejubane elikhulu. Esikhathini esiningi, akuwona onqobayo onqobayo, kepha oqinile, ngoba izimpi ezinjalo ziqeda izilwane.
Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka owodwa nohhafu, nabesilisa eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine. Ngisho nabesilisa, abangakatholi isimo sokuqina nokuhlala isikhathi eside, banethuba lokuhlangana, ngoba ngemuva "kwemiqhudelwano" izinqama azixoshwa emhlambini. Ukukhulelwa kwemvu kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu, kepha owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekunakekeleni insikazi noma ekunakekelweni kwenzalo - izinqama azizenzi izinyunyana zesithembu.
Insikazi iletha iwundlu elilodwa noma amabili, okuthi emahoreni amabili okuqala okuphila akwazi ukuma. Emavikini amane okuqala, iwundlu londla ngobisi lwebele, kodwa-ke lingadla izitshalo zezitshalo ezithambile. Lapho zineminyaka emithathu, izinqama zesilisa zishiya umhlambi wezinsikazi ziye endaweni yabaphathi bomhlambi wabesilisa.
Ekuqaleni, inqama encane ihlala phakathi kwe-omegas, ihlala endaweni ephansi kakhulu esigabeni sabaphathi. Kepha angalwa nokulwa nezinqama ezindala ukuze athathe indawo yazo futhi akhuphuke izinyathelo ezimbalwa phezulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, endle, izinqama zihlala cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, kepha ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-15.
Izitha zemvelo zama-mouflon
Isithombe: I-mouflon yaseTranscaucasian
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ama-mouflon anezitha ezahlukahlukene.
Ama-mouflons ase-Asia angahlangana:
- ama-panther;
- izingulule (ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeTurkmenistan);
- ukunyathela;
- Amahlosi aseTranscaucasian;
- izimpungushe (zisongela amawundlu);
- ibhere elinsundu.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izilwane eziningi ezidlayo zingama-fining akwazi ukukhwela amatshe futhi afinyelele izimvu ezindaweni ezivikeleke kakhulu.
Izitha ze-mouflon yaseYurophu zimi kanje:
- izinqe lesardian;
- I-Sardinian dholis (canines);
- izimpungushe;
- ama-martens;
- kuyaqabukela, izinqama zingagijimela izimpisi.
Ama-mouflon ezifundeni zase-Europe avikeleke kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngoba ukuzingela kuphazanyiswa indawo enezintaba lapho kuhlala khona izinqama.
Futhi, usongo ludalwa yizinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama ezihudula amawundlu asanda kuzalwa, okungukuthi:
- intamo emnyama;
- ukhozi olusemaqeleni;
- ukhozi lwegolide;
- unogwaja;
- ezinye izinhlobo zama-kites.
Ama-Mouflon awakwazi ukuxosha izilwane ezizingelayo. Kuphela phakathi nenkathi yokuthamba, abesilisa, abathola ubudlova, abangahlasela ngokuphendula izilwane ezidliwayo ezibanjwe umhlambi. Izinsikazi azivikeli amaphuphu, futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi yomhlambi ikhetha ukubalekela umhlaseli. Lokhu kungabi namandla okuvikela kulinganiswa isikhathi sokumitha esifushane phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinqama, kanye nokuzala okuphezulu kwama-mouflon - inkonyane elilodwa isici sezinqama, kuyilapho ama-mouflon angaletha kabili noma ngaphansi kaningi kathathu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-Mouflons
Ngekhulu lama-20, ama-mouflon ayezingelwa ngenkuthalo, ngenxa yalokho ama-subspecies aseYurophu asengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Ukuze kubuyiswe inani labantu, abanye abantu basatshalaliswa kuzo zonke izingxenye eziseningizimu yeYurophu, futhi ngenxa yokushoda kwezitha zemvelo, inani lezimvu labuyiselwa. IMouflon inika isikhumba esiqinile nenyama emnandi, ngakho-ke bayazingelwa namuhla.
Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuwela ngaphakathi, lezi zinqama nazo zibhekwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kunzima ukufuya ngokuphelele ama-mouflon, kepha ungawawela ngemvu yasekhaya. Isibonelo, ama-mouflons ayesetshenziselwa ukuzala i-merino yasezintabeni, uhlobo olukhethekile lwezimvu ezifuywayo ezingadla emasimini unyaka wonke.
I-mouflon yase-Asia ayikaze isonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, ngoba ayinayo inzuzo yezentengiselwano. Kuyinto yokuzingelwa kwezemidlalo, futhi izimpondo zayo zithengiswa njengezindebe ezingabizi. Inyama ye-mouflon yase-Asia ayikaze ibalwe nganoma yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha noma zokudla okunempilo. Ama-Mouflons agcinwa ekuthunjweni, futhi emakhejini avulekile isikhathi sokuphila kwawo sikhula sibe yiminyaka eyi-15-17. Izilwane zizivumelanisa kalula nanoma yiziphi izimo zokugcina futhi zikhuluphele ngokushesha kokuphakelayo, kepha azikwazi ukujwayela abantu.
I-Mouflon yadlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yomuntu, ngoba ukubalulwa kokhokho babo kwatholakala emidwebweni yasodongeni eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezi-3 eyedlule. Bahlale benikeza abantu isikhumba esiqinile nenyama enomsoco. Ngokuwela lezi zinqama nezinye izinhlobo, abantu bakwazile ukuzala izinhlobo ezintsha zezimvu ezifuywayo, ezihlukaniswa ukukhuthazela okuphezulu, inyama emnandi nezinwele ezicebile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/24/2019 ngo-20: 49
