Umbono - inhlanzi inkulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, inezikali ezinhle ze-iridescent ekukhanyeni futhi okumnandi. Ngakho-ke, kuyathandwa phakathi kwama-anglers nokuzalanisa - kwesinye isikhathi abantu bayayithanda nje. Zitholakala emifuleni eminingi yaseYurophu naseSiberia, azithobekile futhi zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi engcolile noma ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ide
Inhlanzi yasendulo kakhulu, i-picaia, yayihlala eMhlabeni cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-530 BC. Wayemncane ngosayizi - 4-5 cm, futhi wayekwazi ukubhukuda - ipikaya yakwenza lokhu ngokugoba umzimba wayo. Umbono okhishwe ngemisebe, ongowombono, wavela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu kamuva - ummeleli omdala kunabo bonke walesi sigaba ngu-Andreolepis hedei.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe zingenye yezinto eziphilayo zasendulo ezihlelwe kahle kakhulu ezisalondolozwe emhlabeni. Vele, kuzo zonke izinkathi ezedlule, sezishintshe kakhulu, futhi izinhlobo zezinto zesimanje zenzeka kamuva - ithambo lokuqala lavela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-200 edlule.
Ividiyo: Imibono
Ekuqaleni babebancane ngosayizi, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabo kwahamba kancane kwaze kwaba yilapho ukuphela kwesisindo esikhathini seCretaceous, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezinkulu zanyamalala ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-niches amaningi aphuma, lapho i-ray-finned esesele yaqala ukuhlala khona: njengoba nje izilwane ezincelisayo zaqala ukubusa emhlabeni, kunjalo nasemanzini. Ukuqothulwa kwabo kwabashaya nabo, ingxenye enkulu yohlobo lwenyama yanyamalala - ngokwesibonelo, cishe zonke izinhlanzi zamanzi angajulile zaphela.
Kodwa-ke, ngokocwaningo lwe-ichthyolites - izinhlayiya ezincane zamazinyo nezikali zezinhlanzi, uma kuphela isikhathi seCretaceous oshaka babusa izilwandle, ngemuva kwenhlekelele, phakathi nesikhathi, ukubusa kancane kancane kwaqala kwaphenduka ibony, inani lezinhlobo nosayizi walezi zinhlanzi laqala ukwanda.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwaqhamuka i-carps futhi kancane kancane yaqala ukusabalala emazwenikazi ahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, bafike e-Afrika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-20-23 edlule. Ayimiswanga kahle ngenkathi kuvela lo mqondo, mhlawumbe kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbalwa edlule. Incazelo yesayensi yalolu hlobo yahlanganiswa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758, ekuqaleni yayihlotshaniswa ngqo ne-carp futhi yaqanjwa ngokuthi yiCyprinus idbarus. Kodwa-ke kwatholakala ukuthi umbono ungowohlobo lohlobo lweDace noma, ngesiLatin, iLeuciscus. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela igama lesayensi lanamuhla lohlobo - Leuciscus idus.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Fish ide
Ikhula ize ifike ku-40-50 cm futhi inesisindo esingama-2-2.5 kilograms. Abantu abaningi abakhulu futhi bahlangana - kwesinye isikhathi abadobi bahlangana nama-id angaba yimitha futhi anesisindo esingu-7-8 kg, kepha noma kunjalo lokhu kuyivelakancane. Izinhlanzi eziphila isikhathi eside zingakhula zize zibe ngosayizi ezimeni zenala yokudla - futhi sekukonke, ama-id angaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20.
Abesilisa bancane kancane kunabesifazane, kodwa baningi kakhulu. Izikali ze-ide zikhanya ngokugqamile ngokukhanya oku-silvery, futhi uma ilanga eliqondile liwela phezu kwalo, liqala ukudlala ngemibala ehlukahlukene kusuka kokukhanya kakhulu kuya komnyama kakhulu. Amaphiko abomvu ngaphansi, kukhona ama-id, anombala ofanayo nalawa aphezulu.
Kepha kaningi zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka omnyama, kanye nangemuva kwale nhlanzi. Ama-id amancane ayakhanya ngombala, ikakhulukazi amaphiko awo. Ngokuvamile, ama-id angahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye - kuya ngeminyaka yawo, indawo ngisho nesikhathi sonyaka lapho kwenziwa khona ukubonwa.
Umbono ufana kakhulu ne-chub, kepha kunezibonakaliso eziningana lezi zinhlanzi ezingahlukaniswa ngazo:
- ukwakheka kwekhanda kubukhali, kuyilapho emcabangweni kushelele;
- ukuwa kakade;
- ingemuva ilula;
- izikali ezincane;
- umzimba uthanjiswe kancane ezinhlangothini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Yazis aqaphele kakhulu, ngakho-ke, lapho udoba, akufanele uwenze umsindo kubo, ingasaphathwa eyokuzulazula: banokuzwa okuhle futhi, bengasoli nokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle, baya ekujuleni futhi bangasabeli kulolo hlobo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi inhlanzi enhle ibukeka kanjani. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi.
Ihlala kuphi i-ide?
Isithombe: Ide eRussia
Kusakazeke kakhulu - cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwengxenye yaso eseningizimu (amazwe asogwini lweMedithera), kanye naseSiberia kuze kufike eYakutia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yethulwa e-United States, Connecticut. Inani labantu baseMelika likhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi bazoqhubeka nokuzinza emifuleni yezwekazi.
Ngakho-ke, i-ide ihlala ezindlini zemifula njenge:
- Hay;
- ILoire;
- Rhine;
- IDanube;
- Dnieper;
- Kuban;
- IVolga;
- I-Ural;
- Ob;
- Yenisei;
- Irtysh;
- ULena.
Kukhona ikakhulukazi iningi labo eVolga nemifudlana yalo, neminye imifula yaseRussia icebile kule nhlanzi. Ihlala nasemachibini nasemachibini agelezayo. Akayithandi imifula ebandayo, kanye nemifula, kodwa iningi lama-id angaphazanyiswa angavamisile atholakala, ikakhulukazi uma enendawo enobumba, enosilika kancane.
Ngaphezu kwamanzi ahlanzekile, bayakwazi nokuhlala emanzini anosawoti, ngakho-ke atholakala ezindaweni ezingasolwandle eduze nemifula. Ama-Yaz athanda ukuhlala eduze neziphepho, eduze kwamabhuloho, ugu olunesihlahla elenga phezu kwamanzi nakho kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokuthi ungabamba ama-id lapha. Le nhlanzi ithanda ukubhukuda ngaphansi kwezihlahla, ngoba izinambuzane zingawa kuzo, eziphila ngazo.
Amanzi asemuva, amachibi agelezayo nezinye izindawo ezinamanzi athule ngangokunokwenzeka, okungcono kakhulu ukujula - kulapho kutholakala khona ama-ides. Bayakwazi ukuhlala endaweni ebandayo kakhulu futhi babekezelele kalula izinguquko ezinamandla zokushisa, musa ukulala ebusika, yize bengasasebenzi kangako.
Yini i-ide idla?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Ide emfuleni
Ukudla kwe-ide kukhulu kakhulu, kufaka phakathi:
- izibungu;
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo;
- ama-crustaceans;
- i-caviar;
- onoshobishobi namaxoxo;
- izimbaza;
- inhlanzi;
- izimila zasolwandle.
Singasho ukuthi i-ide idla cishe zonke izilwane ezincane, kusuka kwizikelemu kuya ku-caviar kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi. Ama-Yazis ayisiminzi, ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuzala: ngalesi sikhathi achitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku efuna ukudla, okuvame ukubhukuda kuye ogwini, lapho kugcwele khona kakhulu.
Yize izidalwa eziphilayo zigxila ekudleni kwe-ide, ibuye idle ulwelwe oluyindilinga - imvamisa yenza lokhu lapho igcina ngaphambi kobusika, idla emithonjeni yamafutha. Ehlobo, ukudla kugcwele kakhulu; ama-id aseduze nogu adla izibungu zezilwane ezahlukahlukene, okufaka isandla ekwehleni kwesibalo somiyane nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Uma i-carrion ivela, bayayidla nabo; izinhlanzi ezincane, amaxoxo amancane kanye ne-crayfish kufanele futhi inakekelwe ngesikhathi se-molting. Imibono idliwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-viburnum, khona-ke kufika isikhathi esiphakeme sonyaka wokudoba - bathwebula ngokuzithandela okukhulu futhi, lapho bathole indawo enhle, ungabamba ama-id amaningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Ide ingagxumela phezu kwezithiyo eziphansi, futhi abantu abakhulu kakhulu bayakwazi ngisho nokugxuma baphume emanzini baye ekuphakameni kwemitha elilodwa nohhafu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Yazi
U-Ide uyinhlanzi ehlakaniphile, uyakwazi ukusebenzisa isimo sezulu esibi nokusebenza kwabantu: ngesikhathi sezimvula nemimoya, kanye nasezikebheni ezidlulayo, amagagasi ayaphakama, ahlanze izimpethu nezinye izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabathini oseduze kogu, azithathe azise nawo emanzini. Futhi yazi khona lapho!
Baphuthuma ogwini kanye negagasi, futhi lapho libuyela emuva, babamba inyamazane. Ama-id amakhulu akhetha ukondla ebusuku, ikakhulukazi lapho kuhwalala kuphela noma, kunalokho, ukusa sekuzofika - leli iwashi labo abalithandayo. Abantu abasha bafuna ukudla usuku lonke - ngokuvamile basebenza kakhulu kunabantu abadala.
Ama-Yazis ayaqaphela futhi azama ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kumanethi - ngokwesibonelo, emigodini engaphansi okungalingani, phakathi kwezinguzunga. Uma umcabango uba mkhulu, kulapho ishiya khona umgodi wayo imvamisa - imvamisa kuphela ngemuva kwemvula. Kepha inhlanzi esencane, encane, ibhukuda isondele ngaphezulu, imvamisa iyabonakala otshanini ndawonye ne-roach, futhi isimo sezulu sinomthelela omncane kuyo.
Ama-Yazi angaziphonsa emanzini ukuze abambe isinambuzane. Kodwa lapho selivele lingene emanzini uqobo, zithatha inyamazane ngokucophelela okukhulu, ukuze imibuthano yehlukane incane, kube sengathi iyinhlanzi encane kakhulu. Lapho imibono izingela ekujuleni, ikhashelwa ngamabhamuza akhulayo.
Abalithandi ilanga lapho liqala ukufudumala ngenkuthalo, shona phansi emanzini, yize ngezikhathi ezithile izinhlanzi ezincane zivela zilume, kepha noma kunjalo zithanda ukukwenza ngasogwini, emthunzini wezihlahla noma ezihlahleni - ikakhulukazi ngoba kukhona inyamazane enkulu ngaphansi kwazo ...
Umbuso onjalo wosuku usungulwa kubo esimweni sezulu esifudumele, futhi izinyanga ezibandayo bazichitha emigodini ezansi echibini. Kepha ama-id angabanjwa noma ngabe kuneqhwa emfuleni, ngaphandle kwezinyanga ezimbalwa - ngoJanuwari nangoFebruwari cishe abadli lutho, basebenzise izinto, ngakho-ke ngeke kusebenze ukubabamba.
Ebusika, ekuqaleni, izinhlanzi zinomoya owanele onqwabelene kuma-bubble angaphansi kwamanzi, kepha ngasekupheleni iqala ukuzwa ukuntuleka kwayo, ngenxa yalokho ama-id, njengezinye izinhlanzi, abhukuda aye ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngakho-ke, kufanele babhekwe lapho kuhlangana khona imifudlana emincane nemifudlana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umbono omncane
Ngokuyinhloko, ama-id ahlala emihlambini, ahlala endaweni ethile echibini - elincane kakhulu, futhi ahamba kuphela ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yawo. Ama-id omuntu omdala awasaphambukeli emihlambini emikhulu, futhi imvamisa abantu abambalwa kuphela abahlala eduze. Izinhlanzi ezindala zivame ukukhetha ukuhlala zodwa. Baqala ukuzala kusukela eminyakeni engu-3-5 ubudala - lapho inhlanzi idla kangcono, iyakhula ngokushesha. Lokhu kuncike kakhulu lapho ihlala khona: emanzini aseningizimu, ukukhula kuyashesha.
Ukuzalela kwenzeka emanzini angajulile - imifudlana emincane noma emanzini angajulile. Ukuze kuzalwe, izinhlanzi zihlangana ezikoleni ezinkulu, ezibandakanya eziningana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ziningi ezijwayelekile. Iqala ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala - kuyadingeka ukuthi iqhwa lincibilike futhi izinga lokushisa lamanzi libekwe kuma-8 degrees nangaphezulu.
Imibono ithunyelwa enhla nomfula ukuze izalise, imvamisa iba phakathi kwenhlanzi yokuqala. Umhlambi wabo ungabhukuda ibanga elide ngaphambi kokuthola indawo enhle yokuzala - kwesinye isikhathi amashumi amakhilomitha. Emhlambini onjalo kukhona isigaba sabaphathi: abantu abakhulu kakhulu nabadala bazala kuqala, abancane bayabalandela, bese kuthi ama-roaches amancane aqhubeke.
Zibhukuda kancane, zinqoba cishe amakhilomitha ayi-10 ngosuku, ziyema ziphumule futhi zondle. Zalela eduze kokungahleleki kwaphansi nemithambeka ngokujula, kanti nasemachibini zivame ukubhukuda emhlangeni. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukujula kwamanzi kujule, kepha kwanele - uhhafu wemitha noma ngaphezulu.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ukuzala kungagcwaliswa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kepha uma isimo sezulu esibi sithikameza, singathatha isikhathi eside - kuze kube amasonto ama-2-3. I-Yazi izalela amaqanda ekuseni nantambama, ngenxa yalokhu bayabhukuda baye kumsinga wamanje, ukuze bahambe nawo. Owesifazane omdala ubeka cishe amaqanda angama-70-120 ayizinkulungwane, futhi ingxenye encane kakhulu yawo ingaba okungenani gazinga.
Amaqanda ahluke kancani kunamanye wezinhlanzi ze-carp, ubukhulu bawo bungu-1-1.5 mm. Banamathela ematsheni, ezinkingeni nasezinye izithiyo, kepha kaningi babanjwa umsinga badle ezinye izinhlanzi. Uma iqanda linenhlanhla lokuthi lingadliwa, ngemuva kwesonto nohhafu kuthosa kuvela kulo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ama-id aba budedengu futhi kube lula ukubamba. Masinyane ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo, babhukuda babuyela lapho bebehlala khona ngaphambili - abasakwenzi lokhu ngomhlambi, kepha bakwenza ngamunye ngamunye, ukuze inani labo endaweni yokuzalela yehle kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokubuya, baphuma ngokushesha bayononile.
Kancane kancane umhlambi uyahlangana futhi. Izinhlanzi ezisencane, ezingakafiki ekuvuthweni ngokocansi, aziyeki, kepha zihlala ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa komhlambi, uma amanzi emfuleni egcinwe esezingeni eliphansi, angaya endaweni entsha, manje efanelekile, ahlala ezingeni elijwayelekile.
Izitha zemvelo zama-id
Isithombe: River ide
Umbono awuwona owokuhlosiwe okuyinhloko kwabahlaseli bemifula, okungukuthi, akekho ozingela ngenhloso - phela inhlanzi endala inkulu kakhulu. Kepha ama-ides asekhule ngobukhulu obujwayelekile anomuntu omesabayo - okokuqala, ama-pike nama-taimen, lezi zinhlanzi zingazama ukuzidla.
Abantu abadala nabakhulu kunabo bonke abanazo izitha zemvelo nhlobo, futhi ngabadobi kuphela ababasabisayo. Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu kanye nabadobi, ama-id ajwayelekile abantu abadala angasongelwa ama-beaver, imink kanye namanye amagundane amakhulu. Ama-Yazis avame ukubhukuda eduze nogu, futhi lapho kulindwe lezi zilwane ezinobungcweti, lapho inhlanzi enjalo ingenye yezibiliboco ezifiseleka kakhulu.
Uma incane imibono, izinsongo ezithe xaxa kuyo - abantu abasha, abasakhulayo abanesisindo esifinyelela kuhafu nesigamu basongelwa yikho konke lokhu okungenhla, futhi ngaphandle kwabo, nezinhlanzi ezincane, ezingakwazi ukubhekana nama-id omuntu omdala, nezinyoni zezilwane ezinjenge-terns ne-kingfisher - badla izinhlanzi thanda futhi.
Iningi lazo zonke izinsongo ezenzelwa ukuthosa namaqanda - cishe noma yisiphi isilwane esidla ezinye esizihlalelayo noma eduze kwamanzi. Iningi le-caviar alikaze liphenduke gazinga ngokunembile ngoba baningi abazingeli abangazitika ngalo. Phakathi kwamafry ngokwawo, izinga lokusinda nalo liphansi kakhulu.
Kepha uma isilonda sikwazile ukusinda onyakeni wokuqala, amathuba akhe okuphila aze aguge akhula kakhulu, yize kungenakubizwa ngokuthi aphezulu - kunezinsongo eziningi kakhulu. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuthi umbono ufinyelele isisindo sama-2-3 kilogram, ingazizwa iqiniseka ngokwengeziwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi ze-Ide
I-Ide iyinhlanzi eqinile, ayinandaba namakhaza, ithanda ukushisa kancane, kodwa futhi iyakubekezelela, ngakho-ke ihlala ezindaweni ezibanzi ezinesimo sezulu esihlukile. Ngisho nokungcola kwamanzi okusesilinganisweni akusabisi - ama-id ayakwazi ukuhlala emvelweni hhayi endaweni enhle kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, naphezu kokubamba okusebenzayo, inani labo emifuleni yaseYurophu naseSiberia liphezulu, futhi akukho lutho olusongela lolu hlobo lwenhlobo. Kepha ukudoba akuvunyelwe yonke indawo: ngokwesibonelo, kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia umbono uyivelakancane futhi uvikelwe nguhulumeni, futhi kwenziwa nezinye izinyathelo zokugcina nokubuyisela inani labantu.
Ngakho-ke, emfuleni waseMoscow, inani labantu linciphile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela: ezindaweni zokuhlala ama-id kukhona izindawo zokuvikela ugu - izinyathelo zenqatshelwe kuzo, ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kwemvelo; ukudoba akuvunyelwe kwezinye, kanti kwezinye kungenzeka kuphela ngemvume.
Izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalela zavalwa ngezithiyo, futhi ukubhukuda ngezimoto kwakungavunyelwe. Imigodi yasebusika kanye nama-biotopes adala agcinwa esimweni esifanele ama-id; uma kunesidingo, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuzibuyisela. Izinyathelo ezifanayo ziyathathwa kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Kepha ngokujwayelekile, izinhlobo zingezabo okungekho songo kubo, ngakho-ke, ukudoba kwamahhala kuvunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imvamisa ama-id akhuliswa emachibini, lokhu kusizakala ngokubukeka kwawo okuhle nomsebenzi wawo - kuyathakazelisa ukubuka ukuzingela kwabo izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi ngoba azithobeki - udinga kuphela ukuba nezitshalo eziningi echibini, futhi ama-id azolunga. uzizwe.
Umbono - inhlanzi ayisihle kuphela, kodwa futhi iyamnandi: ethosiwe, iyisitshulu noma ibilisiwe, ithandwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, bavame ukudoba kubo, futhi ukubamba umbono omkhulu kungumvuzo kunoma yimuphi umdobi. Ngenhlanhla, zizala kahle futhi azikho engozini, ziyaqina emoneni wabanye abaningi futhi zandisa ububanzi bazo kuphela.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/24/2019 ngo-18: 13
