Inyoka kaTaipan McCoy Isilwane esihuquzelayo esinonya, kubhekwa njengenye yezinyoka zomhlaba ezinobuthi kakhulu. Kodwa njengoba ihlala ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa e-Australia futhi iyimfihlo kakhulu, izingozi zokulunywa azivamile. Ukuphela kwenyoka e-Australia engashintsha umbala wayo. Ezinyangeni ezishisayo zasehlobo, inombala okhanyayo - ikakhulukazi ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, okusiza ukubonakalisa kangcono imisebe yelanga nemaski. Ebusika, iTaipan McCoy iba mnyama, okuyisiza ukuthi imunce ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe. Kuphawulwe nokuthi ikhanda lakhe limnyama ekuseni kakhulu, futhi likhanya emini.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Taipan McCoy
Ama-taipan amabili ase-Australia: i-taipan (O. scutellatus) ne-taipan McCoy (O. microlepidotus) banokhokho abavamile. Ucwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo ze-mitochondrial zalezi zinhlobo lukhombisa ukwehluka kokuvela kukakhokho ovamile cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-9-10 edlule. UTaipan McCoy wayaziwa kwabomdabu base-Australia eminyakeni engama-40,000-60,000 edlule. Abantu base-Aboriginal kulokho manje okuyiLaguna Goider enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNingizimu Australia ababizwa ngeTaipan McCoy Dundarabilla.
Ividiyo: Inyoka kaTaipan McCoy
Le taipan yaqala ukukhanga ngo-1879. Izinhlobo ezimbili ezinesihluku sezinyoka zitholakale lapho kuhlangana khona imifula iMurray neDarling enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeVictoria futhi kuchazwe nguFrederick McCoy, owaqamba loluhlobo lweDiemenia microlepidota. Ngo-1882, kwatholakala isifanekiso sesithathu ngaseBourke, eNew South Wales, kanti uD. Maclay wachaza inyoka efanayo neDiemenia ferox (ecabanga ukuthi iyinhlobo ehlukile). Ngo-1896, uGeorge Albert Bulenger wahlukanisa zombili izinyoka njengezinhlobo efanayo, uPseudechis.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Oxyuranus microlepidotus ibiligama eliyinhloko lenyoka kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980. Igama elijwayelekile elithi Oxyuranus elivela ku-Greek OXYS "elibukhali, elifana nenaliti" ne-Ouranos "arch" (ikakhulukazi, igumbi lezulu) futhi libhekisa entweni efana nenaliti egumbini lolwanga, igama elithile i-microlepidotus lisho "okuncane" (lat).
Njengoba kunqunywe ukuthi inyoka (phambilini eyayiyi: Parademansia microlepidota) empeleni iyingxenye yohlobo lwe-Oxyuranus (taipan) nolunye uhlobo, i-Oxyuranus scutellatus, ngaphambili eyayibizwa ngokuthi yi-taipan (igama elisuselwa egameni lenyoka kusukela olimini lwendabuko lwaseDhayban), yahlukaniswa njengasogwini I-taipan, ne-Oxyuranus microlepidotus esanda kuqokwa, seyaziwa kabanzi njengeMakkoy taipan (noma i-taipan yasentshonalanga). Ngemuva kwezincazelo zokuqala zenyoka, imininingwane ngayo ayitholakalanga kwaze kwaba ngo-1972, lapho lolu hlobo lwatholakala kabusha.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Snake Taipan McCoy
Inyoka yaseTaipan McCoy imnyama ngombala, okubandakanya ububanzi bezithunzi kusuka ebumnyameni obukhulu kuya kokuluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo (kuya ngesizini). Ingemuva, izinhlangothi nomsila kufaka imibala ehlukahlukene engwevu nansundu, nezikali eziningi ezinomphetho omnyama omnyama. Izikali, ezimakwe ngombala omnyama, zihlelwe ngemigqa e-diagonal, zakha iphethini elihambisanayo elinamamaki wobude obuguquguqukayo obutshekile emuva naphansi. Izikali ezingezansi ze-lateral zivame ukuba nomphetho ophuzi wangaphakathi; izikali ze-dorsal ziyashelela.
Inhloko nentamo enekhala eliyindilinga zinemithunzi emnyama kakhulu kunomzimba (ebusika imnyama ecwebezelayo, ehlobo imnyama nsundu). Umbala omnyama uvumela iTaipan McCoy ukuthi izifudumeze kangcono, iveze kuphela ingxenye encane yomzimba emnyango womgodi. Amehlo amaphakathi amaphakathi ane-iris enombala onsundu futhi awunalo irimu enombala obonakalayo ezungeze umfundi.
Iqiniso Elijabulisayo: UTaipan McCoy angavumelanisa umbala wawo nezinga lokushisa elingaphandle, ngakho-ke likhanya ehlobo futhi limnyama ebusika.
UTaipan McCoy unemigqa engama-23 yesikali sokugudla maphakathi nendawo, izikali ezingama-55 kuya kwezingama-70 ezihlukanisiwe. Isilinganiso sobude benyoka cishe singamamitha ayi-1.8, yize ama-specimens amakhulu angafinyelela kubude obuphelele bamamitha ayi-2.5. Ama-canine ayo angama-3.5 kuye ku-6.2 mm ubude (amafushane kunalawo we-taipan yasogwini).
Manje uyazi ngenyoka enobuthi kunazo zonke uTaipan McCoy. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kuphi nokuthi udlani.
Ihlala kuphi inyoka kaTaipan McCoy?
Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi uTaipan McCoy
Le taipan ihlala emathafeni omhlaba omnyama ezifundeni ezinesomiso lapho imingcele yeQueensland neNingizimu Australia ihlangana khona. Ihlala kakhulu endaweni encane ezingwadule ezishisayo, kepha kunemibiko ekhethekile yokubukwa kwabantu eningizimu ye-NSW. Indawo abahlala kuyo itholakala kude kakhulu emaphandleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yabo yokwabiwa ayinkulu kakhulu. Imihlangano phakathi kwabantu noTaipan McCoy ayivamile, ngoba inyoka iyimfihlo kakhulu futhi ithanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikude nezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Lapho uzizwa ekhululekile, ikakhulukazi emifuleni nasemifudlaneni eyomile enezihlahla ezingavamile.
UTaipan McCoy uvame kakhulu ezwenikazi i-Australia. Ububanzi bayo abuqondakali kahle, njengoba lezi zinyoka kunzima ukuzilandelela ngenxa yokuziphatha kwazo okuyimfihlo, futhi ngoba ngobuchule zicasha emifantwini nasekwephuleni emhlabathini.
EQueensland, kuye kwabonwa inyoka:
- IDayamantina National Park;
- eziteshini zezinkomo iDurrie and Plains Morney;
- I-Astrebla Downs National Park.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwalezi zinyoka kwaqoshwa eNingizimu Australia:
- Amachibi kaGoyder;
- Ugwadule iTirari;
- ugwadule olunamatshe luyasulwa;
- eduze neLake Kungi;
- e-Regional Reserve Innamincka;
- edolobhaneni lase-Odnadatta.
Inani labantu elingalodwa liyatholakala futhi eduze kwedolobha elincane elingaphansi komhlaba iCoober Pedy. Kunemibhalo emibili emidala yendawo eseningizimu-mpumalanga lapho kwatholakala khona inyoka iTaipan McCoy: ukuhlangana kweMurray neDarling Rivers enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeVictoria (1879) kanye nedolobha laseBurke, eNew South Wales (1882) ... Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo aluzange lubonwe kunoma iyiphi yalezi zindawo kusukela lapho.
Idliwa yini inyoka kaTaipan McCoy?
Isithombe: Inyoka eyingozi uTaipan McCoy
Endle, i-taipan makkoya idla izilwane ezincelisayo kuphela, ikakhulukazi amagundane, njengamagundane anezinwele ezinde (R. villosissimus), amagundane angenalutho (P. australis), ama-marsupial jerboas (A. laniger), igundane lasekhaya (Mus musculus) namanye ama-dasyurids, kanye futhi izinyoni nezibankwa. Ekuthunjweni, angadla izinkukhu ezindala zosuku.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Amazinyo kaTaipan McCoy afinyelela ku-10 mm ubude, ngawo angaluma ngezicathulo eziqinile zesikhumba.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka ezinesihlungu, ezishaya ngokuluma okukodwa bese zihlehla, zilindele ukufa kwalowo ohlukunyeziwe, inyoka enolaka isinqoba isisulu ngochungechunge olusheshayo, olunembile. Kuyaziwa ngokuletha ukulunywa okunobuthi kuze kube yisishiyagalombili ekuhlaseleni okukodwa, okuvame ukuqhekeza imihlathi yayo ngamandla ukufaka ama-punctions amaningi kulokhu kuhlasela okufanayo. Isu lokuhlasela likaTaipan McCoy eliyingozi kakhulu lifaka ukubamba isisulu ngomzimba waso nokuluma kaninginingi. Ufaka ushevu oyingozi ngokweqile kumuntu ohlukunyezwayo. Ubuthi busebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kangangokuthi isisulu asinaso isikhathi sokuzilwela.
I-Taipans McCoy kuyaqabukela ihlangane nabantu endle ngenxa yokuba kude kwabo nokubukeka kwesikhashana esifushane emini. Uma bengakwenzi ukudlidlizela okuningi nomsindo, abazizwa bekhathazekile ngokuba khona komuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe futhi kude kude ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekulunyweni okungabulala. UTaipan McCoy uzozivikela futhi agadle uma ecasulwa, ephathwa kabi, noma evinjelwa ukuba abaleke.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Taipan McCoy e-Australia
I-taipan yangaphakathi ibhekwa njengenyoka enesihlungu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, enesihlungu sayo esinamandla kaningi kunaleso semfezi. Ngemuva kokulunywa yinyoka, ukufa kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu engama-45 uma i-antiserum inganikezwa. Uyasebenza ubusuku nemini, kuya ngesizini. Kuphela phakathi nehlobo iTaipan McCoy iya ukuzingela ebusuku kuphela futhi ibuyela emini emigodini elahliwe yezilwane ezincelisayo.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: NgesiNgisi, inyoka ibizwa ngokuthi "inyoka enolaka yasendle." UTaipan McCoy uthole leli gama kubalimi ngoba kwesinye isikhathi ulandela izinkomo emadlelweni ngenkathi ezingela. Ngomlando wayo wokutholakala nobuthi obukhulu, yaba yinyoka edume kakhulu e-Australia maphakathi nawo-1980.
Kodwa-ke, uTaipan McCoy uyisilwane esinamahloni okuthi, uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, sigijime sicashe emigodini engaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, uma kungenzeki ukubaleka, bayazivikela balinde umzuzu ofanele wokuluma umhlaseli wabo. Uma uhlangabezana nalolu hlobo, awusoze wazizwa uphephile lapho inyoka yenza umbono othule.
Njengezinyoka eziningi, ngisho noTylan McCoy ugcina isimilo sakhe esinolaka inqobo nje uma ekholelwa ukuthi siyingozi. Lapho nje ebona ukuthi awufuni ukumlimaza, ulahlekelwa yibo bonke ubudlova, futhi cishe kuphephile ukuba seduze naye. Kuze kube manje, bambalwa kuphela abantu abalunywe yilolu hlobo, futhi bonke basindile ngenxa yesicelo esisheshayo sosizo lokuqala kanye nokwelashwa esibhedlela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Snake Taipan McCoy
Ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kokulwa kwabesilisa kwaqoshwa ngasekupheleni kobusika phakathi kwabantu ababili abakhulu kepha abangezona ezocansi. Ngesikhathi sokulwa cishe isigamu sehora, izinyoka bezithandana, ziphakamisa amakhanda naphambi kwesidumbu "zashaya" ngomlomo zivaliwe. UTaipan McCoy kukholakala ukuthi uyahlangana endle ngasekupheleni kobusika.
Abesifazane babeka amaqanda maphakathi nentwasahlobo (uhhafu wesibili kaNovemba). Usayizi we-Clutch usuka ku-11 kuye ku-20, ngesilinganiso esingu-16. Amaqanda ayi-6 x 3.5 cm. Athatha amasonto ayi-9 kuya ku-9 ukuba achamule ku-27-30 ° C. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinobude obucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-47. Ekuthunjweni, abesifazane bangakhipha imvuthu emibili ngesikhathi sonyaka esisodwa sokuzala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokwe-International Species Information System, iTaipan McCoy isemaqoqweni amathathu e-zoo: i-Adelaide, iSydney neMoscow Zoo eRussia. E-Zoo yaseMoscow, zigcinwa "eNdlini Yezilwane Ezihuquzelayo", okuvame ukungavulelwa umphakathi jikelele.
Amaqanda ngokuvamile abekwa emigodini yezilwane elahliwe nasemifantwini ejulile. Izinga lokukhiqiza lincike ngokwengxenye ekudleni kwabo: uma ukudla kunganele, inyoka izala kancane. Izinyoka ezibanjiwe zivame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-10 kuye kwengu-15. Omunye waseTaipan usehlale e-zoo yase-Australia iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
Lezi zinhlobo zihamba ngomjikelezo wokuqhuma nokuqhuma, lapho inani labantu likhuphukela kubantu abalingana nenhlupho ngezikhathi zonyaka ezinhle futhi licishe linyamalale ngesikhathi sesomiso. Lapho ukudla okuyinhloko kuningi, izinyoka zikhula ngokushesha futhi zikhuluphale, kodwa-ke, uma ukudla sekuphelile, izinyoka kufanele zincike ekudleni okungajwayelekile kakhulu futhi / noma zisebenzise izinqolobane zazo ezinamafutha kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono.
Izitha zemvelo zikaTaipan McCoy
Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi uTaipan McCoy
Lapho esengozini, uTaipan McCoy angakhombisa usongo ngokuphakamisa ingaphambili lobuso bakhe nge-S-curve eqinile, ephansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, uqondisa ikhanda lakhe maqondana nosongo. Uma umhlaseli ekhetha ukungasinaki isexwayiso, inyoka izoshaya kuqala uma kungenzeka. Kepha lokhu akwenzeki njalo. Imvamisa, i-tampai kaMcCoy imane ikhase ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ihlasele kuphela uma ingekho indlela yokuphuma. Yinyoka eshesha ngokweqile futhi esheshayo engahlasela khona manjalo ngokunemba okukhulu.
Uhlu lwezitha zikaTaipan McCoy lufushane kakhulu. Ubuthi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo bunobuthi ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye inyoka. Inyoka i-mulga (Pseudechis australis) ayivikelekile kubuthi benyoka obuningi base-Australia futhi yaziwa futhi ngokudla ama-taipans amancane kaMcCoy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigebenga esikhulu (i-Varanus giganteus), esihlala endaweni efanayo futhi sidla izinyoka ezinkulu ezinesihlungu. Ngokungafani nezinyoka eziningi, i-taipan yangaphakathi ingumzingeli okhethekile wezilwane ezincelisayo, ngakho-ke ubuthi bayo buguqulwa ngokukhethekile ukubulala izinhlobo ezinegazi elifudumele.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukulunywa yinyoka eyodwa kuyabulala ngokwanele ukubulala okungenani abantu abadala abayi-100, futhi ngokuya ngohlobo lokulunywa, ukufa kungavela ngemizuzu eyi-30-45 uma kungalashwa.
UTaipan McCoy uzozivikela futhi agadle uma ecasulwa. Kepha njengoba inyoka ihlala ezindaweni ezikude, akuvamile ukuthi ihlangane nabantu, ngakho-ke ayithathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni, ikakhulukazi maqondana nokufa kwabantu ngonyaka. Igama lesiNgisi "abanolaka" lisho ubuthi bakhe hhayi ubumnene.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Snake Taipan McCoy
Njenganoma iyiphi inyoka yase-Australia, iMcCoy Taipan ivikelwe ngumthetho e-Australia. Isimo sokongiwa kwezinyoka siqale sahlolelwa Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN ngoJulayi 2017, kwathi ngo-2018 saqokwa njengeNgozi Yokusongela Ukuqothulwa. Lezi zinhlobo zifakiwe ohlwini lwezinto ezinobungozi obuncane, ngoba lubanzi ebangeni lalo futhi inani lalo labantu alinciphi. Yize umthelela wezinsongo ezingaba khona udinga ucwaningo oluqhubekayo.
Isimo sokuvikelwa kukaTaipan McCoy naso sinqunywe yimithombo esemthethweni e-Australia:
- ENingizimu ne-Australia: (Isimo Sendawo Enabantu AbabaNcane) Okuyingozi Okuncane;
- IQueensland: Kuvamile (ngaphambi kuka-2010), Kusongelwa (Meyi 2010 - Disemba 2014), Kuyingozi Okuncane (Disemba 2014 - okwamanje);
- INew South Wales: Cishe ayisekho. Ngokuya ngemibandela, ayikakarekhodwa endaweni yayo yokuhlala naphezu kocwaningo ngezikhathi ezifanele umjikelezo wempilo yabo nohlobo lwayo;
- IVictoria: Isizinda asisekho. Ngokuya ngemibandela “Njengokungasekho, kodwa ngaphakathi kwesifunda esithile (kuleli cala iVictoria) elingahlanganisi lonke uhla lwendawo yetekisi.
Inyoka kaTaipan McCoy kuthathwa njengokuqothulwa kwezinye izindawo, njengoba ngocwaningo oluphelele lokufihla ezindaweni ezaziwayo kanye / noma ezilindelekile, ngesikhathi esifanele (nsuku zonke, ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ngonyaka) esifundeni sonke, bekungenzeki ukurekhoda umuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlola kwenziwe ngesikhathi esithile okuhambelana nomjikelezo wempilo kanye nempilo yetekisi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Juni 24, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 27
