Izinyoni eziningi i-grouse emnyama ejwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni. Lesi silwane sekungaphezu kwesisodwa sibe ngumlingisi ophambili wezinganekwane, ukulandisa nezindaba zezingane. Emisebenzini eminingi ye-black grouse, ababhali bakhombisa ukuhlakanipha, ukuhlakanipha okusheshayo, kepha ingabe unjalo ngempela? I-grouse emnyama ngokungangabazeki ingomunye wabamele abathandekayo besigaba sezinyoni. Kuyafaneleka ukufunda kabanzi ngakho.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Teterev
I-grouse emnyama ingenye yezinyoni ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Uyaziswa ngezinkumbulo zakhe zobuntwana zezinganekwane eziningi, ngokubukeka kwakhe okukhanyayo nokukhumbulekayo, kanye nenani elikhethekile phakathi kwabazingeli. IBlack grouse ibizwa ngokuhlukile: "kosach", "hazel grouse", "black grouse", "field grouse". NgesiLatin, igama lalowo onezimpaphe lizwakala njengeLyrurus tetrix. Ngokuyisisekelo, amagama aqhamuka ezicini ezimbili: ukubukeka kwesici nezici zokuziphatha.
Ividiyo: Teterev
I-Kosach ingeka-oda wezinkukhu, umndeni we-pheasant. Kuyinyoni esakazekile ethanda ukuhlala emahlathini nasemathafeni asemahlathini. Kulula ukubona isilwane esinjalo. I-Black grouse inokwakhiwa okukhulu, intamo emfushane nekhanda elincane. Abanye abantu abadala bangakhula ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa ngobude. Izimpaphe zincike ebulilini. Abesilisa banombala ocwebezelayo omnyama onamacwecwe anombala obomvu futhi obomvu, abesifazane bansundu ngokubomvu ngemithende enemibala emithathu: ompunga, ophuzi ngokumnyama, onsundu (eduze komnyama).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kusukela ezilimini eziningi igama elithi "grouse" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "inkukhu". Futhi lokhu akumangazi nakancane. Imikhuba yalesi silwane ihambisana kakhulu nemikhuba yenkukhu ejwayelekile yasekhaya.
I-Black grouse ingeyama-subspecies ahlukene.
Kuze kube manje, ayikho imininingwane ngqo ngenombolo yabo, kepha ososayensi abaningi bakhomba eziyisikhombisa:
- tetrix baikalensis;
- i-tetrix tetrix;
- tetrix tschusii;
- i-tetrix viridanus;
- i-tetrix mongolicus;
- tetrix britannicus;
- tetrix ussuriensis.
Ama-Subspecies anezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene, umehluko othile wangaphandle. Lapho kunqunywa i-subspecies, izici zangaphandle zibhekwa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, imigomo esemqoka iyaqashelwa: izinga lokusatshalaliswa kwezimpaphe ezimhlophe phakathi kwezimpaphe zokundiza nezomsila, usayizi "wesibuko" emaphikweni ezinsizwa, ubunjalo bephethini emphinjeni wesilwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni emnyama
UTeterev angabizwa ngokuthi ummeleli omkhulukazi womndeni wakhe. Isilinganiso sobude besilisa ngamasentimitha angamashumi amahlanu nesishiyagalombili, owesifazane ngamasentimitha angamashumi amane nanhlanu. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukude nesonto. Ngokwemvelo, abantu batholakale bekhudlwana kakhulu - ngaphezu kwamitha elilodwa ngobude. Isisindo naso asisincane - cishe ama-1.4 kg. Kulula ukubona owesilisa nowesilisa. Okokuqala, iduna lihlala likhulu ngosayizi nangesisindo, okwesibili, izilwane ziyahluka ngombala wezimpaphe zazo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-grouse emnyama ngezindlela eziningi ifana nabanye abamele izinkukhu. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nokwehluka okuphawulekayo. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zinyoni, i-metatarsus, amakhala avele izimpaphe ngokuphelele, futhi kuma-subspecies amaningi izisekelo zeminwe zinezimpaphe.
Abesilisa balezi zinhlobo zezinyoni banokubukeka okukhanyayo nokukhumbulekayo. Zibonakala kalula ngezimpaphe zazo ezimnyama ezinombala oluhlaza noma onsomi. Futhi, isici esivelele se-grouse emnyama ngamashiya abomvu agqamile, isethembiso esimhlophe nesisu esinsundu. Isici esaziwa ngabesilisa ukuba khona “kwesibuko” ezimpapheni zokundiza. Yindawo emhlophe futhi ithatha iningi lephiko.
Abesifazane abahlukile ngokubukeka okucacile. Umbala wezimpaphe zawo ubomvu ngokubomvu. Umzimba wonke uphakamise imivimbo eshintshileyo ensundu, emnyama noma empunga. Abantu abaningi badida i-grouse emnyama yabesifazane ne-capercaillie yesifazane. Kodwa-ke, i-grouse emnyama yesifazane "inezibuko" emaphikweni, umsebenzi omhlophe.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abamnyama i-grouse banamazwi ahlukene. Izwi lowesifazane lifana nezwi lenkukhu ejwayelekile. Wenza imisindo efana kakhulu ne- "ko-ko-ko". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abesilisa badumzela isikhathi eside, behluke ngezwi elikhulu, elihlabayo. Uma kunengozi, abesilisa bayamemeza "chu-ish". Kodwa-ke, akwenzeki kaningi ukuzwa i-grouse emnyama. Bangabantu "abakhulumayo" kakhulu phakathi nesikhathi samanje.
Ihlala kuphi i-grouse emnyama?
Isithombe: I-grouse emnyama emnyama
I-grouse emnyama yizinyoni ezivamile. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezinyoni ezinjalo singatholakala eYurophu nase-Asia. Kulezi zindawo, abantu bahlala bengazinzile. Lokhu kungenxa yezinguquko ekubukekeni komhlaba, ukutholakala kokudla okufanelekile. Uma enyakatho naseningizimu yeYurophu i-grouse emnyama ihlala emahlathini nasezindaweni ezinamahlathi, entshonalanga naphakathi nendawo bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini asezintabeni. Yize kunabantu abaningi, kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu, i-grouse emnyama inyamalale ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuphathwa kwabantu okusebenzayo.
E-Asia, izinyoni ezinjalo zingatholakala kwezinye izingxenye zaseNyakatho Korea, eChina, eMongolia, naseKazakhstan. Le nyoni isakazeke kakhulu eRussia. Ingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amadolobha, ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile. Futhi, abantu abahlala e-black grouse bahlala e-Ukraine, bekhetha izindawo ezinamahlathi eduze kwamaxhaphozi nemifula emikhulu lapho. Ngeke uthole izinyoni ezinjalo eSakhalin, eCrimea naseKamchatka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IGrouse iyinyoni ehlala khona. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi bahambisa ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi. Imihlambi emikhulu yezinyoni ifuduka ngasikhathi sinye, imvamisa ayikude kakhulu nendawo ehlala kuyo ekuqaleni. Ukuthuthwa kwabantu abaningi okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa kuphela nokuntuleka kokudla.
Lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, i-grouse emnyama iqondiswa yizici eziningana: ukutholakala kwenani elanele lokudla, isimo sezulu esifanele. Zilungele kahle isimo sezulu esipholile nezindawo lapho amahlathi etholakala eduze kwezikhala ezivulekile. Imihlambi yezilwane ikhetha ukuhlala ezihlahleni, emahlathini, ezintabeni, ezigodini zemifula emikhulu noma kude nezwe lezolimo, lapho ungathola khona okuthile ongazuza kukho. Lezi zinyoni zigwema amahlathi amnyama futhi zibheka izindawo lapho ama-birches ekhula khona ngobuningi.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-grouse emnyama. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa i-grouse emnyama?
Isithombe: I-Black grouse eRussia
Iningi lokudla kwe-grouse emnyama ukudla kokutshala. Izinhlobonhlobo zamamenyu ezinyoni zihluka kuphela entwasahlobo, ehlobo, lapho kunamajikijolo amaningi amasha, izithelo, izitshalo ngaphandle.
Ngenkathi efudumele, ukudla kuhlanganisa:
- imbewu yezihlahla, amakhambi, izitshalo;
- ama-inflorescence, izimbali kanye namafihlekile;
- amaqabunga ezinye izihlahla, izitshalo ezinomsoco;
- amajikijolo amasha: ama-cranberries, ama-blueberries, ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberries;
- izitshalo zokusanhlamvu: ukolweni, amabele.
Ukudla okusanhlamvu kakolweni, amabele, i-black grouse kulimaza umhlaba wezolimo kanye nezingadi zemifino. Noma kunjalo, lezi zilwane azikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi izinambuzane ezinkulu. I-grouse emnyama ayivamile ukudla okusanhlamvu, ikhetha amajikijolo, amaqabunga nokunye ukudla kubo. Ebusika, ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kuncane kakhulu. Azindizeli emazweni afudumele, ngakho-ke ziphoqeleka ukuthi zibheke ukudla ngaphansi kobukhulu beqhwa, ezihlahleni. Ebusika, i-black grouse idla amahlumela, amahlumela, ama-catkins ezihlahla. Bathanda i-birch, willow, aspen, alder. Ukudla kufanele kufake amajikijolo omjunipha, izigaxa zikaphayini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yokugaya kwabo ukudla, abantu abadala bagwinya amatshe amancane ngesikhathi sokudla. Basiza ukudla ukuthi kugaywe kangcono esiswini, kube lula inqubo yokugaya.
Ukudla kwenzalo ye-grouse emnyama kwehluke kakhulu. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwabo, amaphuphu amancane adinga ukudla okunothe ngamaprotheni. Ngalesi sizathu, ukudla kwezilwane kulawula ukudla kwabo kwansuku zonke. Amachwane adla ama-cicadas, izimbungulu, izicabucabu, omiyane, amacimbi nezinye izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezilethwe abazali bazo. Sesisikhulile, isidingo sokudla kwesilwane kuma-grouse amnyama sincipha kancane kancane bese sinyamalala ngokuphelele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-grouse emnyama ehlathini
I-grouse emnyama ingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izinyoni ezihlala phansi. Bahlala endaweni eyodwa, bakhetha izifunda ezinesimo sezulu esipholile. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinyoni azivamile, kepha kunezikhathi zokufuduka kwabantu abaningi. Azivamile. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuhlala kabusha ngenkani. Isizathu esiyinhloko sokufuduka okunjalo ukungabi nokudla.
Eminyakeni emincane noma lapho isimo sezulu sishintsha, izinyoni azinakho ukudla okwanele. Ngemuva kwalokho zihamba njengemihlambi yonke ziye kwenye indawo lapho kungasweleki kangako. Kukaningi ngokwanele, imbangela yokufuduka kwabantu abaningi ukuguquguquka kwesibalo sezilwane. Inani lezinyoni ezinjalo kwesinye isikhathi landa kakhulu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka kanye njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: I-Tetereva iyathakazelisa kakhulu ukuzisindisa emakhazeni ngenkathi yasebusika. Lezi yizinyoni kuphela ezisebenzisa amakamelo eqhwa ukufudumala. Bazimbela imigodi emincane, lapho abacasha khona lapho kubanda noma kuneqhwa. Izinyoni ziphumela ngaphandle kuphela ukuyofuna ukudla.
IBlack grouse ihlala emahlathini, emahlathini, ezintabeni, budebuduze nomthombo wamanzi. Bahlala emihlambini. Ngenani elikhulu lezinyoni, indawo yokuhlala kwabo itholakala kalula ngokuhhumuzela phezulu. I-black grouse ivame ukwenza imisindo, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuhlangana. Abesilisa kuphela abadumzela kakhulu, futhi abesifazane bavame ukuxhasa ingoma ngezikhathi ezithile. Lezi zinyoni ikakhulukazi zasemhlabeni. Izinyoni zikhuphukela ezihlahleni kuphela ukufuna ukudla: amajikijolo, amaqabunga, amaqabunga, ama-cones. Ubusuku be-grouse busetshenziswa kuphela emhlabathini.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Grouse, naphezu komzimba wabo omkhulu futhi ifana kakhulu nezinkukhu ezifuywayo, "amaflaya" amahle kakhulu. Lezi zinyoni zindiza kalula emoyeni zisuka kunoma iyiphi indawo. Kodwa-ke, i-grouse emnyama isuka phansi ngomsindo kakhulu, nasezihlahleni - cishe ngokungabonakali.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-grouse emnyama
Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokukhwelana se-grouse emnyama kunzima ukugeja. Zishintsha ngokuphelele ekuziphatheni kwazo ngokuqala kokushisa kokuqala. Entwasahlobo, i-grouse emnyama ihola indlela yokuphila esebenzayo, imvamisa icula kakhulu. Le nkathi ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqala kwamanje. Imvamisa iza ngenyanga kaMashi. Akunakwenzeka ukuqamba inombolo eqondile, ngoba izifunda ezahlukahlukene zendawo yokuhlala ye-grouse zinezici zazo zesimo sezulu nezendawo.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza kabusha yalezi zilwane ingenziwa ngezigaba:
- yamanje esebenzayo. Ngokufika kwentwasahlobo, i-grouse emnyama yamadoda ihlangana ngobuningi emaphethelweni ehlathi, lapho ixhumana khona ngenkuthalo. Kuze kube ngabantu abayishumi nanhlanu bangahlangana endaweni eyodwa. Ukuvuza okusebenzayo kuhlala cishe amasonto amabili. Kulokhu, abesilisa bangaba nokulwa futhi balwe bodwa;
- ukukhulelwa kowesifazane. Ngemuva kwamaduna, izinsikazi nazo zifika endaweni yokukhwelana. Lapho, bangazikhethela umlingani. Lapho-ke izinyoni ziyahlangana, kuthi ezeduna zishiye izinsikazi, ngoba lapho-ke azidingeki;
- imishini yokwakha izidleke. Izinsikazi zakha izidleke zazo phansi, budebuduze nendawo yokukhwelana. Isidleke se-Black grouse imbobo encane lapho abesifazane bebeka khona amahlumela ahlukahlukene, utshani, amaqabunga, izimpaphe. Imvamisa isidleke sakhiwa emahlathini otshani, izimbabazane;
- ukubekela nokuchamela amaqanda. Amaqanda abekwa ngabesifazane ngenyanga kaMeyi. Ama-grouse amnyama avundile impela. Insikazi ingabeka amaqanda afinyelela kwayishumi nantathu ngesikhathi. Amaqanda anombala ophuzi okhanyayo onemibala. insikazi ifukamela amaqanda cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nanhlanu;
- ukunakekela amaphuphu. Insikazi nayo iyazinakekela inzalo yodwa. Amaphuphu angaphansi kweso lomama izinsuku ezingaba yishumi. Uvikela inzalo yakhe ezilwaneni eziyingozi nakwezinye izingozi. Amachwane adla ukudla kwesilwane okungcono: izibungu ezahlukahlukene, izinambuzane ezincane, amacimbi.
Izitha zemvelo ze-grouse emnyama
Isithombe: Teterev
Isikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu empilweni ye-grouse emnyama izinsuku zokuqala eziyishumi emva kokuzalwa. Kukulesi sikhathi lapho amachwane evame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye. Bahlaselwa izimpungushe, izingulube zasendle, ama-martens. Lezi zidliwayo azikwazi ukudla amaphuphu kuphela, kepha nabantu abadala. Izimpungushe ziyingozi ikakhulukazi kwi-grouse emnyama endala. Lezi zilwane zingathola izinyoni ngisho nangaphansi kweqhwa ngenxa yephunga lazo elibukhali.
Futhi, amalungu amaningi omndeni weasel angabizwa njengezitha. Izitolo zingumzingeli we-grouse oshisekayo. Bahlasela bobabili abadala nabancane. Izilwane ezinkulu ezinamaphiko nazo azikuphikisi ukudla i-grouse emnyama. Amagoshawki ayingozi kakhulu kuwo. Lesi silwane sizingela i-grouse emnyama unyaka wonke.
Yize kukhona inani elikhulu lezilwane ezihlasela i-grouse emnyama, azibathinti kakhulu abantu bazo. Ngezinga elikhulu, abantu ngokwabo banomthelela ekwehleni kwenani lezilwane. Umuntu uyisitha semvelo esiyingozi sama-grouse amnyama. Umsebenzi wezomnotho ongalawulwa, ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukuzingela - konke lokhu kuholela ekwehleni kwenani eliphelele lezinyoni. Kwamanye amazwe, lezi zinto ziholele ekunyamalaleni kwezinyoni endaweni yazo yemvelo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Inyoni emnyama
Izici ezahlukahlukene zithonya kabi inani labantu abamnyama:
- imisebenzi yezolimo esebenzayo;
- ukugawulwa kwamahlathi;
- ukuhlaselwa kwabadlayo;
- ukuzingela okungalawulwa;
- izimo zezulu ezimbi ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani le-grouse emnyama okwamanje likhulu impela. Ziyanda futhi zisabalele endaweni yazo yemvelo. Lokhu yilokho okuvumela lezi zinyoni ukuthi zigcine inani elifanele kanye nenani labantu elizinzile ngokujwayelekile. Okwamanje, i-grouse emnyama inikezwe isikhundla: "Ukukhathazeka Okuncane". Lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa eminyakeni ezayo.
Ezimweni ezivamile, ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni zisengozini. Ngokuyinhloko, sikhuluma nge-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus. Isikhundla sakhe siseduze kwababuthaka. Inani lalezi zinhlobo lithinteka kabi kakhulu yizinto ezimbili: ukudla kwezinkomo, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho okungalawulwa. Inani elikhulu lama-grouse amnyama aseCaucasus abhubha ezandleni zabazingeli abazingeli kanye nezidladla zezinja ezisiza ukudlisa izinkomo. Lesi simo saphoqeleka ukuthi sisebenzise izindlela ezithile ukuvikela lesi silwane. Namuhla, i-grouse emnyama yaseCaucasus ivikelekile endaweni yezinqolobane eziningi ezinkulu.
I-Teterev - ummeleli omkhulu kakhulu womndeni wezinkukhu, isisulu esibaluleke kakhulu sabazingeli, iqhawe eliyintandokazi kusuka ezinganekwaneni zezingane. Lezi zinyoni zinokubukeka okukhanyayo, okuhle, ukundiza kahle, zinendlela yokuphila ethakazelisa kakhulu, inani elikhulu labantu endaweni yalo yemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yethonya lezici ezingezinhle, inani lezinhlobo ezithile ze-black grouse liqala ukwehla kancane kancane. Kungalesi sizathu lezi zilwane zidinga ukunakekelwa okusondele kubantu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/21/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 05
