IBullfinch ivela emkhakheni wethu wombono lapho ubusika bugubuzela amadolobha nemizana. Lezi yizinyoni ezidume kakhulu ezisebenza ngenkathi ebandayo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Ngaphandle kokuthandwa kabanzi, ababaningi abangaziqhayisa ngolwazi ngezinhlobo zama-bullfinches, imikhuba yabo, nendlela yabo yokuphila. Yonke imininingwane ingatholakala kule ncwadi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Bullfinch
Ehlobo, bambalwa abantu abangabona izinkunzi zezinkunzi. Lezi yizinyoni zasebusika ezinokukhathazeka okuningi esimweni sezulu esifudumele futhi ezingavamile ukuvela ezindaweni ezivulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, ehlobo bashintsha umbala wabo ogqamile ube mncane, ngakho-ke bazifihla kalula phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izinyoni. Ngobusika, lezi zilwane ziyashintsha, ziba namandla ngangokunokwenzeka. Akunakwenzeka ukungaziboni - imibala yazo ihlanganisa imibala eminingana ekhanyayo: grey emnyama, ebomvu, emhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Le ngubo yasebusika yenza ama-bullfinches enye yezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ukuvela ebusika.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunezinganekwane eziningana ezichaza ngemvelaphi yombala obomvu ogqamile wesifuba sama-bullfinches. Ngokusho kwesinye sezithandwa kakhulu, bekuyinyoni le elethe umlilo kubantu eMhlabeni nasendleleni eshe ngayo. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bathi akukho okuyinganekwane ngezimpaphe ezibomvu. Lo mbala ungumphumela wokuqukethwe kwe-pigment ebomvu kumaseli esilwane.
Imvelaphi yegama "bullfinch" inengxabano phakathi kwabaningi. Abanye banesiqiniseko sokuthi lezi zilwane zaqala ukubizwa kanjalo ngenxa yendlela yokuphila kwasebusika. Abanye bathi leli gama livela kwelesiLatini elithi "Pyrrhula pyrrhula", elihumusha ngokuthi "umlilo" futhi lihlotshaniswa nezimpaphe ezishayayo zamabele abesilisa. Kukhona nenguqulo yokuthi igama elithi "bullfinch" lavela ku "snig" yesiTurkic, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho "ibele elibomvu".
Ividiyo: Bullfinch
Ama-Bullfinches abizwa nangokuthi izinyoni zeqhwa. Lezi zilwane zingezinhlobo zegama elifanayo, ama-bullfinches, ayingxenye yomndeni omkhulu we-finch. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi sebekhombe izinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni ezinjalo.
Kulaba, bathathu kuphela abahlala eRussia:
- I-Eurosiberian ejwayelekile. I-subspecies ejwayelekile kakhulu, eminingi. Ukhetha amahlathi, amahlathi asemahlathini empilo;
- Caucasian ezejwayelekile. Lezi yizinyoni ezincane kakhulu ezinombala ogqamile, ezihlukaniswa ngomsila omfushane, uqhwaku "oluvuvukele";
- I-Kamchatka ejwayelekile. Ihlukaniswa ngosayizi wayo omkhulu, amachashaza amhlophe ahlala ekhona ezimpapheni zomsila. Abesilisa banamabele abomvana.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni yeBullfinch
Ukubukeka okuhle kuyisici esivelele sezinkunzi. Izithombe zalezi zinyoni zithandwa kakhulu - zivame ukushicilelwa komagazini, amaphephandaba, izincwadi, kumakhadi kaNcibijane amahle, amakhalenda. Izinyoni zeqhwa zincane. Bakhulu nje kancane kunezihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu, ondlunkulu.
Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayishumi nesishiyagalombili kuphela, amaphiko angamasentimitha angamashumi amathathu. Umzimba ngokwawo unesakhiwo esinyene, unemisipha eqinile. Kodwa-ke, isisindo senyoni sincane - amagremu angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Ama-Bullfinches aveze izici zocansi - kulula kakhulu ukuhlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane.
Kunezimpawu ezimbili:
- abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo esifubeni. Amabele abo ahlala enemibala ebomvu ngokugqamile. Izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezinombala ohluke kancane;
- ibele lesifazane lihlotshiswe ngombala ompunga. Umbala omncane obomvana ungabonakala engela elithile.
Ngaphandle kwalokho, abesifazane nabesifazane banikezwa umbala ofanayo wezimpaphe. Ikhanda lesilwane limnyama, emuva kupendwe ngombala o-grey-bluish. Izimpiko zimnyama futhi zimhlophe. Ngenxa yokushintshana kwezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe, amaphiko enyoni abukeka ekhanya kakhulu futhi engajwayelekile. Ezilwaneni ezincane, umbala womzimba uhlala ubala. Kukhanya kuphela ngeminyaka.
Izinkunzi ezinomsila zinomsila omfishane kakhulu. Ekugcineni, iyindilinga kancane. Izimpaphe zomsila ezingenhla zimnyama, ezansi zimhlophe. Le nyoni nayo inomlomo omncane obanzi. Izinyawo nazo zincane, kodwa ziqinile impela futhi ziqinile. Unyawo ngalunye lunezinzwani ezintathu ezinamazipho abukhali. Lesi sakhiwo semilenze sivumela ama-bullfinches ukuthi abambelele ngokuqinile kumagxolo ezihlahla, amahlumela amancane.
Ngabe i-bullfinch ihlala kuphi?
Isithombe: Red bullfinch
Izinyoni zeqhwa yizinyoni ezincane, ezivamile. Zizinze cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwamazwe ashisa kakhulu. Izilwane ezinjalo zihlala eYurophu, e-Asia, eRussia, e-Ukraine, eJapane. Ungahlangana nabantu ngabanye eGrisi, e-Asia Minor, eSpain. Isimo sezulu esipholile sifanele izinyoni ezinjalo, ngokupholisa okuphoqelekile ebusika. Kusebusika lapho izinkunzi zezinkunzi zikhetha ukusebenza.
Izinyoni zeqhwa zikhetha amahlathi aphansi, anezintaba impilo yazo yonke. Azitholakali ezindaweni ezingenamithi. Izilwane ezihlala eduze kwamadolobha zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezigcawini nasemapaki ebusika. Ama-Bullfinches angabizwa ngokuthi izinyoni ezihlala phansi. Ziyazikhethela indawo, zizakhele izidleke lapho futhi zihlala cishe impilo yazo yonke endaweni eyodwa. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinenqwaba yezinkunzi zezinkunzi, kunzima ukuzibona. Ebusika, lezi zilwane zihlangana emhlanjini omkhulu, ziqapheleke kakhulu, zishintshe umbala wazo ube okhanyayo.
Ama-subspecies athile kuphela ama-bullfinches ngezikhathi ezithile ashintsha indawo yokuhlala. Sikhuluma ngabantu abadala abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zendawo yabo yemvelo. Lapho kufika isimo sezulu esibandayo kakhulu, lezi zinyoni ziphenduka imihambima. Bathuthela eningizimu, lapho nobusika buza nokuvela kwabo.
Manje uyazi ukuthi le nyoni i-bullfinch ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi le nyoni ekhanyayo yasebusika idlani.
Yini edliwa yinkunzi yenkomo?
Isithombe: Bullfinch ebusika
Ama-Bullfinches awakwazi ukubizwa ngama-omnivores. Badla inani elilinganiselwe lokudla. Ubumnandi obuthandwa kakhulu yilezi zinyoni ezincane yi-ash ash. Leli qiniso liyaziwa ngabaningi, ngoba izinkunzi zezinkunzi zivame ukuboniswa ezithombeni kanye nomlotha obomvu okhanyayo wentaba. Ezihlahleni ze-rowan, izinyoni zondla ngemihlambi. Bakhetha isihlahla samajikijolo, futhi bonke bahlala egatsheni elilodwa ndawonye. Ngesikhathi sokudla, abesilisa bakhombisa izimfanelo zabo zobumnene. Baziyeka njalo izintokazi zabo ziqhubeke. Ngakho-ke, abesifazane banethuba lokukhetha amajikijolo amakhulu, avuthiwe futhi amnandi kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane azidli uginindela wamajikijolo e-rowan uqobo. Kulezi, bakhetha ukuthatha imbewu kuphela. Futhi, lezi zinyoni ziyathanda ukudla imbewu yezinye izihlahla. Bakhetha imephu, umlotha, i-alder, i-elderberry, i-hornbeam. Zindiza ziyofuna ukudla okufanele emihlambini. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungaziboni izinkunzi zezinkunzi, zimboza ngokoqobo wonke umuthi.
Ehlobo, ukudla kwezinyoni zeqhwa kubanzi. Ngaphezu kwembewu yezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, imbewu yezitshalo iqala ukungena kuyo. Lezi zinyoni zidla i-burdock, i-horse sorrel ne-quinoa. Amanye amakhambi amaningi asensimini nawo avame ukudliwa. Kuyaqabukela, ukudla kwamaprotheni kuqala ukungena ekudleni kwama-bullfinches ngesimo sezinambuzane ezincane ezahlukahlukene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi izinyoni zeqhwa ziyizinyoni ezinamahloni kakhulu, ezisheshayo futhi ezisheshayo. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokudla, zingama-clumsy kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi izinyoni aziboni ingozi futhi ziba izisulu zokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo nezizingelayo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bullfinch egatsheni
Izinkunzi zezinkunzi zingabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi zihlala ehlathini. Izinyoni zichitha iningi lesikhathi sazo ezihlahleni, ezihlahleni zamahlathi, nasemapaki atshaliwe aminyene. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla, lezi zilwane zikhetha izinaliti. Kodwa-ke, bangahlala futhi emahlathini ahlanganisiwe. Ukube ngaphambili ama-bullfinches ayephila, anda futhi adla kuphela kude nabantu, manje sekube nesibindi futhi kuvame ukuvela eduze kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Bangabonakala emapaki, emagcekeni emafulethini, ezingadini zomphakathi.
Imvamisa baphoqeleka ukuba bandize basondele ezindaweni zokuhlala abantu ngenxa yesidingo sokudla. Emahlathini, ikakhulukazi ebusika, kunzima ukuthola ukudla okwanele okufanele. Edolobheni, abantu balengisa abondli bezinyoni ezincane. Futhi emikhawulweni yedolobha kunezihlahla eziningi ze-rowan, lapho amajikijolo agcinwa khona ebusika. Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-bullfin abe yizivakashi ezivamile emadolobheni, emadolobheni, emadolobhaneni, angeke abizwe ngezinyoni zasedolobheni. Lezi yizilwane zasehlathini kuphela.
Indlela yokuphila yama-bullfinches incike kwisizini. Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zisebenza kakhulu. Zindiza zisuka esihlahleni ziye kwesinye ngemihlambi emikhulu zifuna imbewu. Ngamaqembu amancane, izinyoni zeqhwa zivela eduze kwabaphakeli. Akunzima ukubona ama-bullfinches - ngokumelene nesizinda seqhwa elimhlophe, abukeka njengemihlobiso enhle kaKhisimusi. Isifuba esikhanyayo sabesilisa sibahlukanisa kahle ngemuva kwesizinda sezinye izinyoni. Ehlobo, indlela yokuphila yezilwane iba nokuzola. Umbala wezimpaphe zawo uyanyamalala, izinyoni ziqala ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi emahlathini, zinakekela indlu nenzalo yazo.
Uhlobo lwezinyoni zeqhwa luthambile, luzolile. Lezi yizinyoni ezingajahile, ezilinganiselayo, nezijabulayo. Zikhombisa njalo ukunemba nokuqonda. Akuvamile ukuba yingxenye yezimpi. Ama-Bullfinches angafuywa ekhaya. Lezi zilwane zijwayela umnikazi wazo kalula, zazi ukukhombisa ukubonga ngokudla, futhi zingathamba impela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ERussia, izinkunzi zezinkunzi zazingenye yezinyoni ezithandwa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwekhaya. Babevame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ama-parrot aseRussia". Izilwane zithole isiteketiso esinjalo ngenxa yethalente lazo elikhethekile lokulingisa imisindo eyahlukahlukene.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Red bullfinch
Isikhathi sokumataniswa kwama-bullfinches simi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- inkathi iqala ngokushintsha kokuziphatha kwabesilisa. Izinyoni ziba nenhlonipho ngokwengeziwe, izwi labo lizwakala limnandi kakhulu futhi limnandi. Abesilisa baqala ukunikela izingoma zabo kwabesifazane, futhi bahlanganyela ekukhetheni umlingani ofanele. Amabili abunjwe ngoMashi kuphela;
- isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwakhiwa kwesidleke. Owesilisa, kanye nowesifazane, baqala ukukhetha indawo efanelekile, baqoqe izinto zokwakha. Ngokuvamile, lezi zilwane zakha izindlu emahlathini ase-spruce. Beka phezulu ngokwanele futhi kude nesiqu. Ngakho-ke bazama ukuvikela inzalo yabo yesikhathi esizayo ngangokunokwenzeka ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Ukwakha isidleke, izinyoni zisebenzisa utshani obomile, amahlumela, ubulembu, uboya bezilwane, amaqabunga omile;
- ngoMeyi, lezi zithandani zichamisela amaqanda, ezizobe sezichanyuselwa zibe izinkunzi ezincane zezinkunzi. Awekho amaqanda amaningi kangako ku-clutch eyodwa - cishe ayisithupha. Zikhanya impela, zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamachashazi ansundu. Inqubo yokufukamela ithatha cishe amasonto amabili;
- amachwane e-bullfinch azalwa emancane kakhulu, engenakuzisiza. Izinga labo eliqinile kuphela indlala. Abazali kufanele basebenze usuku lonke ukondla izingane zabo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Naphezu kokungabi nalusizo kwabo, amachwane e-bullfinch anempilo enhle futhi anamandla amakhulu emvelo. Bakhula ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Kungakapheli amasonto ambalwa zizelwe, amaphuphu afunda ukundiza, futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili angahola impilo ezimele ngokuphelele.
Izitha zemvelo zama-bullfinches
Isithombe: Inyoni yeBullfinch
Ama-Bullfinches, ngeshwa, avame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yombala wawo okhanyayo futhi obonakalayo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoni, lezi zilwane zisengozini yokuhlaselwa. Futhi, isizathu salokhu singabizwa ubuvila bemvelo bama-bullfinches. Ngesikhathi sokudla, lezi zinyoni ziziphatha ngokunganaki, ngokungacabangi. Ngubani ohlasela izinyoni zeqhwa?
Kukhona izitha zemvelo eziyingozi kakhulu:
- izinyoni ezizingelayo. Akunzima ngezilwane ezinjalo ukubamba i-bullfinch encane, ekhuluphele. Izikhova, oklebe, izikhova ziyabahlasela;
- izilwane ezidlayo eziphakathi nendawo. Ama-Bullfinches angafa ngezidladla zemartens, izimpungushe, amakati asendle. Izingwejeje zivame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinkunzi;
- Izilwane ezifuywayo. Ukudla imbewu edlelweni, kuma-feeder akhethekile ngaphakathi kwedolobha, izinkunzi zezinkunzi zisengozini yokuba yizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezifuywayo. Zivame ukuhlaselwa amakati;
- amazenze, izimuncagazi. Izitha ezinjalo ziqamekela izinyoni ikakhulu esidlekeni. Zithinta kabi impilo yezilwane, zibangele ukuvela kwezifo ezahlukahlukene futhi ziholele nasekufeni.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ama-Bullfinches yizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Bayazi ukuthi bazifaka engozini ngenkathi bedla. Ukuzivikela okungenani okuncane, izinyoni ziyahlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu. Umhlambi ungaqukatha kuphela izinkunzi zezinkunzi noma ezinye izinyoni: onondweba, izinyoni ezimnyama. Uma kunengozi, amalungu epakethe anikeza isignali kuwo wonke amanye amalungu awo. Ngakho-ke, ama-bullfinches amancane anethuba lokushiya ngokushesha indawo engaphephile ngaphandle kokuba isisulu somzingeli.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Bullfinch
I-bullfinch iyinyoni yezingoma enhle, ezolile esakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia. Ihlala ezindaweni eziningi emahlathini, emahlathini asemaqeleni. Kodwa-ke, izinyoni zeqhwa zisanda kuhlalisana kahle ezimweni zasemadolobheni, eduze kwabantu. Endle, izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingaphila cishe iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa. Ekhaya, ngokuya ngezidingo zonke, isilwane singaphila iminyaka emide isikhathi eside.
Ama-Bullfinches akhona ngokwemvelo ngobuningi obanele. Izinhlobo zazo zinikezwe isikhundla se-Least Concern. Kodwa-ke, akuyona yonke into enhle kangako. Ososayensi baphawula ukuthi inani lezinyoni zeqhwa lehle kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Kwezinye izifunda zendawo yazo yemvelo, lezi zilwane zibhekwa njengokungajwayelekile.
Ukwehla okucijile okunjalo kuhlotshaniswa nezici eziningi ezingezinhle:
- ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwamahlathi ngabantu. Isibonelo, eRussia kuphela ngamaphesenti angamashumi amane nantathu amahlathi ahlala engaguquki. Zonke ezinye izingxenye zisikwa ngenkuthalo. AmaBullfinches awanayo indawo yokuhlala eyanele;
- ukuwohloka kwemvelo. Le yinkinga yomhlaba jikelele eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule eye yaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu kubantu cishe bazo zonke izilwane, izinyoni nezinambuzane. Imvelo empofu iholela ekufeni okusheshayo kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo;
- izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwehlathi. Amahlathi eConiferous ayancipha. Esikhundleni salokho, ziningi ezinezinhlamvu ezincane, kepha emahlathini anjalo izinkunzi zezinkunzi azikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla okufanele.
IBullfinch - inyoni efanelwe isihloko sezimpaphe ezinhle kakhulu ngesikhathi sasebusika. Mncane, unombala ogqamile, izwi lomculo. Izinyoni ezinjalo zihlala emihlambini, zikhuthazelela kalula isimo sezulu esibandayo futhi zivame ukundiza ziye kubantu ukujabulela ukuphathwa okumnandi okuvela kubaphakeli. Namuhla, inani lama-bullfinches likhulu impela, kepha kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, ososayensi baqaphele ukuthambekela ekwehleni kwayo. Yingakho abantu kufanele banake kakhulu lezi zinyoni, benze konke okusemandleni ukuze baphile ngokunethezeka nangesikhathi eside emvelweni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 22.09.2019 ngo-23: 26
