Mhlawumbe abaningi bajwayelekile ejwayelekile vele... Ukuhlangana naye akuyona into eyivelakancane kangako; phakathi nayo, ukuqapha kuyanyamalala ngokushesha, lapho nje amabala amabili akhanyayo (imvamisa ephuzi-o-orenji) phansi kwekhanda lenyoka edonsa iso lakho. Ukubabona, kuyacaca ngokushesha ukuthi lokhu akunabungozi, hhayi neze ubuthi. Sizoqonda ngokuningiliziwe wonke ama-nuances wokuphila kwakhe, izici zemikhuba, isimo kanye nezici zangaphandle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Sekuvele
Umndeni omkhulu wezinyoka esezivele zifana ufaka cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala emhlabeni. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi umuntu ojwayelekile naye ungomunye wabamele lesi sizwe sezinyoka. Lesi silwane esihuquzelayo asinobuthi, ngakho-ke siphephe ngokuphelele kubantu.
Imvamisa abantu bathatha inyoka ibe yinyoka eyingozi, kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo:
- amabala akhanyayo ngemuva kwekhanda akhombisa ukuthi isivele iphambi kwakho;
- umzimba wenyoka unomusa ngokwengeziwe - mncane futhi unobude obukhulu kunebuhlungu;
- izinyoka ziyahlukahluka ekubunjweni kwamakhanda azo, ngenyoka ifana ne-oval, kanti inyoka ifana nonxantathu;
- ngokwemvelo, ukuthi izinyoka azinawo amazinyo anobuthi (kepha ngeke ukubone ngokushesha lokhu);
- izinyoka zitholakala zibheke phezulu (njengamakati), nasenyokeni zibukeka njengezinti ezinqamulelayo.
Uma ujula ujule, ungathola izici eziningi ezihlukile, kepha zonke ngeke zibonakale kumuntu ojwayelekile emgwaqweni futhi ngeke zibambe iqhaza lapho zihlangana nesilwane esihuquzelayo.
Ividiyo: Okujwayelekile vele
Abantu sekunesikhathi eside bazi, ngaphambi kokuthi bavulwe ngokukhethekile njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba ababi ngaphezu kwamakati okubhekana namagundane acasulayo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu base-Ukraine babekholelwa ukuthi umonakalo odalekile uzoletha ukwehluleka kowonile, ngakho-ke lezi zinyoka azikaze zicasulwe noma zixoshwe emapulazini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kuyaziwa kakhulu ukuthi kukhona nomuzi wase-Ukraine oqanjwe ngaye, yi-Uzhgorod, etholakala entshonalanga yezwe.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoka ejwayelekile
Ubude obujwayelekile benyoka imvamisa abudluli imitha elilodwa, kepha kunezibonelo, ubude bazo obufinyelela imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Phambilini, isici senyoka esaziwa saziwa ngesimo samachashaza amabili atholakala ngokulingana, atholakala ekushintsheni kwekhanda emzimbeni.
Zizungezwe uhlaka olumnyama futhi zingaba:
- iwolintshi;
- phuzi kancane;
- ilamula elikhanyayo;
- mhlophe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona izinyoka ezivamile lapho amabala akhanyayo esifundeni se-occipital engekho ngokuphelele noma evezwe kabi. Phakathi kwezinyoka, kukhona ama-albino nama-melanists.
Ingxenye yenyoka yangemuva ingaba mpunga futhi ibe mnyama, icishe ibe mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi iba nombala womnqumo noma onsundu. Uma ithoni yenyoka impunga, khona-ke amabala we-shades amnyama angabonakala kuyo. Isisu sesirhubuluzi silula futhi sigcwele umugqa omnyama ocishe ufike esilevini. Inhloko yenyoka e-oval imile ngokuqhamuka ngemuva komzimba nge-interception enhle yentamo. Umsila wesirhubuluzi ufitjhwe amahlandla ama-3 - 5 kunomzimba. Ukudla kwabesilisa kuncane kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Uma singena encazelweni ephelele futhi ejulile yenyoka ejwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ikhanda layo limbozwe izigaxa ezinxande ezinkulu: i-parietal, i-preorbital, i-postorbital, i-temporal, i-supralabial kanye ne-frontal eyodwa. Isikali esisogwini lwesilwane esihuquzelayo siboshiwe, futhi ezinhlangothini bushelelezi. Kungaba yi-19, 18 noma i-17 yazo ezungeze ingxenye yomzimba (kumugqa owodwa).
Ihlala kuphi inyoka ejwayelekile?
Isithombe: Sivele sijwayelekile
Kakade ojwayelekile usekhethe cishe yonke iYurophu, kuphela enyakatho ongeke uhlangane naye, akahlali ngale kwe-Arctic Circle. Endaweni yezindawo ezisenyakatho isatshalaliswa kusuka eKarelia kuya eSweden. Eningizimu, wayehlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika, afinyelela eSahara eshisayo. INhlonhlo Yase-Iberia neBritish Isles ngamaphuzu asentshonalanga endawo ehlala kuyo. Ukusuka empumalanga, le ndawo ifinyelela enkabeni yeMongolia, ingxenye esenyakatho yeChina neTransbaikalia. Ezweni lakithi, angabizwa ngokuthi edume kunazo zonke ezihuquzelayo.
Izinyoka ezivamile zijwayela izindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele, izindawo zemvelo namathafa. Esinye sezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu ekubeni khona kwabo ngokunganaki ubukhona obuseduze kwechibi, okungcono okukhona njengamanje obuthakathaka noma ongenawo nhlobo.
Izinyoka ziyahlangana:
- emaxhaphozini;
- emaphethelweni ehlathi;
- ehlathini;
- izikhukhula zemifula;
- izindawo ze-steppe;
- ezintabeni;
- ezimfundeni ezimanzi;
- ekukhuleni okunamahloni;
- izindawo ezisogwini zemizimba yamanzi ehlukahlukene;
- indawo enezintaba.
Izinyoka ezivamile azinamahloni kubantu futhi zingahlala emapaki asedolobheni, ngaphansi kwamabhuloho, eduze kwamadamu amadala. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izinyoka zingahlala khona endlini yezikhukhukazi noma esibayeni, esennik, isela, isibaya, isikhuni, lapho zizizwa zikhulu khona. Izinyoka zingahlela izindawo zazo zokufihla emgodini, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emgodini, endaweni yokufulela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunezimo lapho izinyoka, zihlaliswe egcekeni lomzana, zibeka amaqanda azo ezidlekeni ezingenalutho zamadada nezinkukhu.
Manje siyazi ukuthi inyoka yethu engenabuthi ihlala kuphi. Manje ake sithole ukuthi umuntu ojwayelekile udlani emvelweni nokuthi udinga malini ukudla impilo enganaki.
Yini edliwa umuntu ojwayelekile?
Isithombe: Inyoka engenabuthi - esejwayelekile
Imenyu ejwayelekile yenyoka ingabizwa ngokuhlukahluka. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, iqukethe amaxoxo.
Ngaphezu kwabo, angakwazi kakade ukuba isidlo:
- isibankwa;
- iselesele;
- onoshobishobi;
- inhlanzi ethosiwe;
- okusha
- izinyoni ezisanda kuzalwa eziwele ezidlekeni zazo;
- amagundane amanzi;
- amagundane amancane;
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Ukudla kwemifino kukhishiwe ekudleni kwesidlo sakusihlwa, futhi akusebenzisi izidumbu, kepha bathande ubisi, izinyoka ezihlala ekuthunjweni zikuthanda kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi izilwane ezihuquzelayo zasendle zikhasa zinuke iphunga lobisi olusha, izakhamizi ezishiya esibayeni zamakati ngemuva kokusenga inkomo.
Ekudobeni, izinyoka zilinda ngesineke inyamazane yazo, zenze ukuphonsa ngokushesha lapho nje ukuthosa kwenhlanzi sekubhukuda. Ukujaha amaxoxo kwenziwa ezimweni zomhlaba. Isinongo senhlanzi sigwinywa inyoka khona manjalo, kepha ngexoxo kufanele ajuluke, ngoba umelana futhi uzama ukushibilika. Umlomo wenyoka unekhono lokwelula ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke ngisho namaxoxo anesisindo namathotholo amuncwa ngempumelelo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isazi semvelo esisodwa esivela eJalimane, njengesilingo, asizange sondle inyoka yokuhlola izinyanga eziyishumi. Lapho, ngemuva kwesiteleka eside sokudla, wayedle okokuqala, yena nesisu sakhe bazizwa, ngokumangazayo, kahle.
Ngemuva kokudla okungagulisi, kukhona ikhefu lezinsuku ezinhlanu, elidinga ukugaya konke okudlayo. Ngesikhathi esisodwa sokuzingela, isivele ingashwabadela amaxoxo amaningi ngasikhathi sinye futhi ize ngisho nonoshobisho ngaphezu kwalokho, ngakho-ke, lapho isidlile, iba budlabha futhi ibe budlabha. Uma kulo mzuzu kuvela noma yisiphi isitha emkhathizwe, usuvele kufanele uphinde uvuselele ukudla okudliwe ukuze ube nekhono futhi usheshe futhi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Usevele uyasebenza emini, kanti ebusuku ukhetha izindawo zakhe zokufihla ikhanda. Ojwayelekile usevele unobuqili futhi uyiselula. Ijubane lokuhamba kwalo phansi lingafinyelela kumakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ngehora. Uhamba futhi kahle phakathi kwezihlahla. Isici samanzi senyoka siyindlela eyintandokazi, sisebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wokuphila kwesilwane esihuquzelayo. Ngisho negama lesiLatini elithi natrix, elinikezwe ososayensi, lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukubhukuda".
Ukubhukuda kwenyoka kuhle kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuntywila kukholamu lamanzi, ingahlala lapho cishe imizuzu engama-20, ebusweni ibhukuda amabanga amahle kakhulu. Iyabhukuda, njengezinyoka zonke, ibheke phezulu, isonteke umzimba wayo oguqukayo.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Uthanda ukubhukuda futhi amunce amanzi amaningi. Imvamisa uyabhukuda ogwini lwedamu, kepha kube nezimo lapho izinyoka zahlangatshezwa emachibini amakhulu ngisho nasolwandle amashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini lolwandle.
Uyathanda, njengezinye eziningi ezifana nezinyoka, ucwilisa ilanga, akhuphuke ngezinsuku ezicacile, ezibalele kwamanye amagquma. Izinyoka ziqala ubusika ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. Imvamisa, izinyoka zasebusika zihlangene (abantu abaningana), yize abanye bekhetha isizungu ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, ngalesi sikhathi esinzima, bahlala emigodini ejulile yamagundane, noma kweminye imifantu. I-Hibernation iphela ngo-Ephreli, bese kuthi izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziphume zifudumeze ilanga, yize zisazizwa zingakhathali futhi zilele kancane, kancane kancane zithola umsebenzi.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinyoka azinabo ubudlova nolaka; isimo sabo kunalokho simnene futhi sinobungane. Ngokubona abantu, uncamela ukushibilika ukuze agweme ukuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, impela, kungabizwa ngokuthi yisirhubuluzi esinokuthula nesingenabungozi maqondana nomuntu. Kuyabonakala ukuthi ukuthambisa inyoka nakho akunzima, abaphikisi ukuxhumana nabantu uma bengaboni usongo, kepha ukuwagcina ekhaya kuyinkinga kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka ejwayelekile
Izinyoka ezivamile zivuthwa ngokocansi zineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala. Isikhathi sabo somshado siqala ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala yasentwasahlobo, ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene ubude besikhathi bungahluka, kepha imvamisa buwela ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi. Ezinyokeni, imidlalo yokukhwelana kungenzeka ekwindla, kepha lapho-ke ukubekwa kwamaqanda kuzodluliselwa entwasahlobo.
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, izinyoka zilukiwe zaba yibhola, eziqukethe owesifazane oyedwa nabanumzane bakhe abaningi. Lapho inqubo yokufaka umquba isidlulile, owesifazane uya esigabeni esilandelayo - ukuvuthwa kweqanda.
Amaqanda ezinyoka anesikhumba, owesifazane oyedwa angabeka kusuka ezicucwini eziningana kuya kwezingu-100. Kuyadingeka ukuthi (amaqanda) angabi yiqhwa futhi omile, ngakho-ke inyoka ikhetha indawo efudumele futhi enomswakama, ngokwesibonelo, amahlamvu abolile, udoti omangalisayo we-moss, isiphunzi esibolile. Indawo ikhethwe ngokucophelela, ngoba insikazi ayifukameli, ishiye ibhande layo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyoka zabesifazane zingahlanganisa uzipho lwazo uma kungatholakali izindawo ezifanele lowo muntu. Esigangeni sehlathi, abantu bathola isidleke, lapho babala khona amaqanda ayi-1200.
Ngemuva kwamasonto amahlanu noma ayisishiyagalombili, izinyoka ziqala ukuchamusela, ubude bazo busuka kumasentimitha ayi-11 kuye kwangama-15. Kusukela ekuzalweni baqala ukufuna indawo ebusika ephephile. Akuzona zonke izingane ezilawula ukuqoqa amafutha ngaphambi kokuqala kwamakhaza ekwindla, kepha ngisho nalawo angewona awemvelo kakhulu asaphila kuze kufike intwasahlobo, abukeka emancane nje kunabalingani bawo abondlekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi yonke inyoka yamashumi ayisihlanu izalwa inamakhanda amabili, ngakho-ke imvelo iyabusa. Izinyoka ezinjalo "zeGorynychi" kuphela ezingaphili isikhathi eside.
Izinyoka zingabhekwa njengeminyaka eyikhulu, ubude bazo bokuphila buvame ukudlula iminyaka engamashumi amabili, ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziphila kusukela eminyakeni eyi-19 kuye kwengu-23. Isimo esikhulu sokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi anikeza impilo eduze nezindawo zabo zokuthunyelwa unomphela.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka ezijwayelekile
Isithombe: Sivele sijwayelekile
Umndeni osuvele umile unezitha eziningi, ngoba lezi zinyoka azinabo ubuthi. Izilwane ezahlukahlukene aziphikisani nokudla isidlo esincane, ngakho-ke singaba yisidlwana sezimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-hedgehogs, ama-weasel, ama-badger, ama-martens, ama-mink. Izinyoni eziningi zihlasela izinyoka, ngakho-ke zingadliwa ngunogolantethe, ukhozi lwenyoka, ikhayithi, i-heron. Amagundane amakhulu, njengamagundane, nawo angabamba inyoka, ikakhulukazi encane futhi engenakho okuhlangenwe nakho, ngaphezu kwalokho, bavame ukuzibandakanya nokonakalisa izidleke zedina ngokudla amaqanda enyoka.
Ngokumangazayo, amaxoxo namaselesele, wona uqobo aphenduka isidlo sezinyoka, avame ukudla izinyoka ezincane. Izinambuzane ezinjengezintuthwane namabhungane aphansi ziyabandakanyeka ekubhujisweni kwamaqanda esidina. Inyoka encane nayo ingajatshulelwa yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, i-trout. Ezinye izinyoka nazo zidla izinyoka.
Ukuzivikela, usevele uzama ukuzenza isilwane esihuquzelayo esinoshevu: ushaya kancane intamo yakhe, akhiphe i-hiss, asonge ngesimo se-zigzag, ngokuthuka eshwiba isihloko somsila wakhe. Uzama ukwenza isithombe esethusayo kulabo abangafuni, kepha uma kunethuba lokushushuluza, khona-ke, akakuphuthelwa, okokuqala, ukhetha le nketho ethile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Umuntu othunjiwe uzenza sengathi ufile noma ufihle imfihlo eyimfihlo kakhulu yezindlala zakhe ze-cloacal. Ngokuhamba okunjalo, uzama ukuphambukisa ingozi kuye, ngoba emzabalazweni wokuphila, zonke izindlela zilungile.
Izinyoka zivame ukuba yizisulu zomuntu ongazibulala kanjalo nje, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile noma, azenze iphutha njengenyoka. Njengoba lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zingakuvikeli ukuhlaliswa kwabantu, zivame ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, zivame ukuwela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zemvelo, izinyoka zinezitha eziningi, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane zisendaweni yobungozi, ngakho-ke izilwane ezihuquzelayo kufanele zihlale ziqaphile, futhi zicashe ezikhungweni zazo eziyimfihlo kusihlwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Umndeni obanzi, osuvele umile uhlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ngokuvamile, inani lalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinokuthula aliziboni izinsongo, futhi alibangeli ukwesaba okukhulu ngenxa yokwehla. Isimo sokongiwa kwezinyoka singabekwa njengokujwayelekile. Muva nje, bekungekho ukwehla okujwayelekile okubonakalayo enanini lalezi zinyoka.
Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, izinyoka ezijwayelekile zingabizwa ngesinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezivame kakhulu ezizizwa zizinhle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, kufaka phakathi i-anthropogenic. Ngaphandle kokuthi isimo sesibalo sabantu benyoka ejwayelekile sicishe sibe yonke indawo, kunezindawo lapho inani laso lehle kakhulu futhi lafakwa kwiRed Book yezifunda ngazinye. Lesi simo siyakheka, okokuqala, ngenxa yesenzo somuntu esinezivunguvungu, esivame ukuba sobugovu futhi sihlose ukuzuzisa abantu ngokwabo kuphela, singazinaki ngokuphelele izintshisekelo nezidingo zabafowethu abancane.
Ukuze singadingi ukuvikelwa futhi siqhubeke nokusithokozisa ngamanani amakhulu, kuyadingeka, okokuqala, hhayi ukuhlasela ngonya izindawo zokuhlala kwakhe unomphela, ukugcina izindawo ezifihlekile nezithembekile zobusika nobuciko bamatshe, ukucabanga ngezixazululo kusengaphambili maqondana nanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa, kufaka phakathi ukubeka imigwaqo emikhulu emisha. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungalahli ubuntu futhi ubonise ukukhathazeka.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinyoka ezivamile
Isithombe: Ojwayelekile ovela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imvelo yempilo nentuthuko yezinyoka ayiphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo, ejwayelekile isivele idinga ukuvikelwa. Ngenhloso yokuvikela, kubhalwe encwadini ebomvu yezindawo ezithile: iMoscow, iTver, iLeningrad. Kubuye kugadwe eRepublic of Karelia. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo ezibalwe, inani lezilwane ezihuquzelayo lehle kakhulu, yize izinyoka zangaphambili zaziziningi.
Izizathu zalokhu zifaka phakathi izinto ezimbi ezilandelayo:
- ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo;
- ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwazo zonke izinhlobo zemizimba yamanzi (yezinyoka, amanzi abalulekile);
- ukuntuleka kwendawo yokuphila ngempumelelo nokubeka amaqanda;
- ukususwa kwenyoka ngumuntu ezindaweni zakhe zokuhlala unomphela, ngenxa yomhlaba wokulima, ukwakha imigwaqo, amadolobha, njll.
Kulezo zifunda lapho okuvamile sekuvele kufakwe ohlwini lweRed Book, isimo sezinhlobo zaso sivezwa njengesisengozini futhi sincipha ngenani. Ezifundeni kwenziwa izinhlelo zokubuyisa imfuyo yezinyoka ezindaweni ezikhethekile, ezivikelekile, nezivikelwe.Emabhange omfula, abantu benza kabusha izimbali zamanzi; izindawo ezikhethekile ezivunyelwe zabelwa ukubhukuda okukhulu nokuzilibazisa ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Ekuphetheni, ngithanda ukwengeza ukuthi uhlala umangazwa ukuthi kungakanani ongakufunda mayelana nokubonakala ujwayelekile futhi ujwayelekile kusukela ebuntwaneni osekujwayelekile, lapho abantu bakhe izinganekwane nezinkolelo eziningi kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho ejwayelekile vele isebenza njengophawu lwenhlanhla, umgcini wengcebo nengcebo engenakubalwa, ngisho nomphathi wezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03.06.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 20.09.2019 ngo-22: 19
