Uvemvane lweSwallowtail Ingabe esinye sezimvemvane ezinhle kakhulu zediurnal ezindaweni zethu eziphakathi nendawo. Lesi sinambuzane, ngenxa yobucwicwicwicwi baso nobubodwa, sithathwa njengesihle sokuthengwa kwabaqoqi nabathandi benundu. Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi lezi zidalwa ezimangazayo. Umbala okhanyayo nosayizi omkhulu unikeza izimvemvane umusa nokuhluka.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Butterfly yeSwallowtail
Izinhlobo zePapilio machaon ezomndeni weSailboat (kusuka eLat. Papilionidae). Lo mbono wathola isazi semvelo saseSweden ngo-1758 uKarl Liney. Isazi sezinto eziphilayo saqamba uvemvane saqamba udokotela wasendulo ongumGreki uMachaon, owayengumelaphi, udokotela ohlinzayo futhi walwela amaGriki empini yeTrojan (1194 BC). Udokotela wayeyindodana ka-Asclepius (unkulunkulu wokwelapha) no-Epione.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunenganekwane yokuthi uDkt Machaon welapha amaqhawe alimele empini. Empini kaTroy, wabamba iqhaza ukuze athole isandla nenhliziyo ka-Elena the Beautiful. Kodwa lapho eshona kwenye yezimpi, umphefumulo wakhe uphenduka uvemvane oluhle oluphuzi olunephethini elimnyama ezimpikweni zalo.
Njengoba indawo ye-swallowtail ibanzi ngokwanele, kufinyelela kuma-subspecies afinyelela kwangu-37 ebhuqwayo. Okuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabo:
- I-Orientis - eningizimu yeSiberia;
- Ussuriensis - Amur noPrimorye;
- Hippocrates - Japan, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands;
- I-Amurensis - umcengezi wamaphakathi nophansi we-Amur;
- I-Asiatica - Yakutia Ephakathi;
- IKamtschadalus - Kamchatka;
- IGorganus - EYurophu Ephakathi, eCaucasus;
- Aliaska - eNyakatho neMelika;
- Brutannicus Seitz - iGreat Britain;
- I-Centralis - ugu lwaseCaucasus loLwandle iCaspian, uLwandle oluseNyakatho lweCaspian, isigodi saseKura;
- Muetingi - Elbrus;
- ISyriacus - iSyria.
Kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezingaphansi, noma kunjalo, ososayensi abaziqapheli eziningi zazo, uma kubhekwa kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zonyaka, ezifana nabantu abaphakanyisiwe. Ukuncika kombala wephiko ekushiseni akuvumeli abezentela ukuthi bafike embonweni ofanayo, ngenxa yalokho okukhona impikiswano engapheli ngalesi sihloko. Ngaphandle, ukubukeka kuyefana nomkhumbi waseCorsican kanye nowase Aleksanor.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Machaon
Umbala we-swallowtail uyakhanya futhi muhle - ophuzi noma we-beige. Ngaphezulu kunephethini yemigqa emnyama. Usayizi womzimba ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-10 kwabesifazane no-8 kwabesilisa. Iphiko lamaphiko lisuka kumasentimitha ayisithupha kuya kwayi-10, kuya ngama-subspecies. Emaphethelweni angaphandle amaphiko kunephethini lamachashazi aphuzi afana nenyanga.
Imisila ehlanganisiwe ezimpikweni zangemuva, hhayi eduze kwesisu. Ubude bazo bungafika kumamilimitha ayi-10. Ezinhlangothini, izimpiko zifakwe amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi. Ehlangothini elingaphakathi lamaphiko kukhona "iso" elibomvu. Isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-24.
Ividiyo: Swallowtail Butterfly
Amacimbi achamisela okuluhlaza okotshani ngemivimbo emnyama enamachashazi amaningi abomvu. Ubude bomzimba wabo lapho bezalwa bungamamilimitha amabili. Esigabeni se-prothoracic kukhona indlala emise imfoloko eyenza "izimpondo" ze-orange.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: "Izimpondo" zisebenza njengesivikelo ezitheni zemvelo. Indlala ikhipha iphunga elibi elixosha izilwane ezizingelayo. Amacimbi alele cishe usuku lonke. Baziguqula njengobulongwe bezinyoni ukuze bangahehi izinyoni.
Iziphungumangathi zingaba mpunga noma zibe luhlaza okotshani. Isizukulwane sokugcina sihlala silala esigabeni se-pupal. Umuntu omdala uzalwa entwasahlobo, lapho wonke amakhaza asedlulile. Esiwombeni sokuqala sehora, bomisa izimpiko bancibilike, bese behamba bezungeza indawo.
Ngakho-ke sakubona ubukeka kanjani uvemvane olubizwa nge-swallowtail... Manje ake sithole ukuthi i-Swallowtail butterfly ihlala kuphi.
Uhlala kuphi uvemvane?
Isithombe: Butterfly yeSwallowtail
Lolu hlobo luhlala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi oMhlaba. Izinambuzane zingatholakala eNyakatho Melika, eningizimu yeNdiya, eNyakatho Afrika, eziqhingini zase-Indian Ocean, kulo lonke elase-Asia, eNgilandi, amabhu ahlala kuphela emazweni aseNorfolk County nasendaweni esukela e-Arctic Ocean kuya oLwandle Olumnyama.
Swallowtail uvemvane ingahlala cishe kunoma yiziphi izimo, noma yisiphi isimo sezulu siyifanele. Uvemvane lwahlangatshezwa ezintabeni zaseTibet endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-4500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kwendawo kuye kwaholela ohlwini oluningi kangaka lwama-subspecies.
Izinambuzane zithanda izindawo ezivulekile, ngakho-ke zithanda amasimu, imiphetho yehlathi, ama-steppes, izingadi, ne-tundra kunamadolobha anomsindo. Amabhu angandiza endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2,5 kuya kwangu-4. Azihlali esitshalweni esisodwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke izazi zemvelo zababiza ngokuthi izimvemvane ezinamandla.
Enyakatho yebanga, lezi zidalwa ezinhle zingatholakala ngenkathi yehlobo, ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lolu hlobo luvukile kusuka ngoMeyi kuya kuSepthemba. ILepidoptera ayikhethi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, kepha ukuhlala kobusika emazweni abo endabuko. Ukuqongelela okukhulu ikakhulukazi kuyabonakala emazweni atshalwe izaqathe, imbewu ye-caraway, i-fennel ne-dill.
I-Subspecies Orientis ikhetha isimo sezulu esiseningizimu, i-Asiatica - esenyakatho, iGorganus ikhethe ukufudumala okulingene. UBrutannicus bathanda izindawo ezinomswakama, kanti iCentralis neRustaveli bakhethe izindawo ezinezintaba. Ngokuvamile, izinhlobo zikhetha izindawo ezinelanga elinenqwaba yezimbali.
Idla ini uvemvane?
Isithombe: Machaon
Ngokushesha nje lapho isibungu sizalwa, lesi sinambuzane ngokushesha siqala ukudla amaqabunga esitshalo okwakubekwe kuso iqanda. Amacimbi adla ngokuzikhandla, enza ukunikezwa kwamandla okwamanje. Imvamisa, izinhlobo zezambulela ziba ngukudla kwezinhlobo ezisezindleleni eziphakathi, njenge:
- Iparsley;
- Idile;
- I-Caraway;
- Izaqathe (zasendle noma ezijwayelekile)
- I-Hogweed;
- Buteni;
- Angelica;
- AmaPrangos;
- Gorichnik;
- Fennel;
- Umsiki;
- Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi;
- Ithanga;
- Umsiki;
- Girchovnitsa.
Izakhamizi zezinye izifunda zondla izitshalo zomndeni wakwaRutaceae - i-bush ash, i-Amur velvet, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zeqabunga lonke; Compositae: umhlonyane; i-birch: i-alder kaMaksimovich, i-alder yaseJapane. Ekupheleni kokukhula kwayo, isifiso sesibungu siyancipha futhi empeleni asidli.
Abantu abadala badla umpe, njengezinye izimvemvane eziningi, ngenxa yama-proboscis abo amnyama amade. Azikhethi ukudla ngokufana nezibungu, ngakho-ke azikhethi izitshalo zezambulela kuphela. Ukuze bazitholele ukudla, amabhu ahambela izimbali ezahlukahlukene.
Kubantu abadala, akudingeki inani elikhulu lokudla, ithonsi lembali lezimbali libanele, futhi bacima ukoma kwabo ngombethe wasekuseni. ILepidoptera ithola wonke amaminerali okulandela umkhondo adingekayo ukuxhasa umzimba omncane ovela enhlabathini equkethe usawoti noma okunye ukungcola kwesilwane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: uvemvane olubizwa ngeSwallowtail oluvela eRed Book
Izimvemvane ziyasebenza emini. Zibuye zenze impova izimbali eziqhakaza kuphela emini. Abantu abadala baphila amasonto ambalwa kuphela, kuthi ngemuva kokukhulelwa (abesilisa) nokubeka amaqanda (abesifazane), amabhu afe. Isikhathi sasehlobo siqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni noJulayi-Agasti; ama-subspecies aseningizimu angatholakala ngoSepthemba.
ISwallowtail yizidalwa ezihamba kakhulu. Ngisho nalapho zondla umpe, azigoqi amaphiko azo ukuze zindize zibaleke nganoma yimuphi umzuzwana. Abantu abathambekele ekufudukeleni bandizela emadolobheni futhi bahlala ezindaweni ezinamapaki, ezindaweni zensimu, notshani obunothe ngezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ukuze uthole izimo zokuhlala nezindawo zokunethezeka kakhulu ezinesisekelo esihle sokudla, amabhu akulungele ukuhamba amabanga amade. Iningi labantu liletha izizukulwane ezimbili ngempilo, enyakatho yebanga - eyodwa, eningizimu - kuze kufike kwezintathu. Abantu abadala bakhathazekile ngokuzalanisa futhi bazama ukuthola umlingani ngokushesha okukhulu.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Lolu hlobo lwesibungu lunezinto zomlomo ezihlaba umxhwele. Baqala ukudla iqabunga emaphethelweni. Lapho sebefinyelele emthanjeni ophakathi nendawo, baya kokulandelayo. Bakhuluphala ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha, ngokushesha nje lapho izingane ezizodwa, ukukhula sekuphelile. Amabhu adinga amandla endiza nokuzala kuphela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Machaon Butterfly Caterpillar
Njengoba imvelo inikeze i-swallowtail ukuba ibe nesikhathi esincane kakhulu, izimvemvane ezizalwe ngokushesha ziqala ukufuna umlingani. Abashadikazi batholana bodwa ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-pheromone, abayikhiphela emvelweni.
Phakathi nempilo yakhe emfushane, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayi-100-200. Ngendlela ngayinye, ubeka amaqanda ama-2-3 amise okwebhola ombala ophuzi okhanyayo ngaphansi kwamaqabunga noma ngeziqu zezitshalo. Cishe cishe isonto, amaqanda aba mnyama bese eshintsha umbala wawo ube mnyama.
Izinsikazi zibekela iqanda elilodwa ngamabomu emaqabunga ahlukene ezitshalo ukuze zinikeze izibungu ezisanda kuzalwa ukudla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-8-10, izibungu ziyaqandusela, eziqala ukudla kuqala. Eminyakeni engaba amasonto ayisikhombisa, isibungu sinamathiselwe ngentambo kasilika esiqwini sesitshalo, i-molt yokugcina yenzeka kanye namazinyane ngamanye.
Iziphungumangathi zihlala zinganyakazi amasonto ama-2-3, ngemuva kwalokho ziphenduka zibe uvemvane oludala. Ku-cocoon, iningi lezitho zombungu ziyacekelwa phansi, ziguquke zibe izitho zomuntu omdala. Le nqubo ifana nokugaywa komzimba wakho ku-cocoon.
Iziphungumangathi zasehlobo ikakhulu ziluhlaza okotshani, ubusika buzotho. Uvemvane luzoba sesigabeni seziphungumangathi kuze kube yizinsuku zokuqala ezifudumele. Lapho ufudu luqhuma, kuzalwa isidalwa esihle. Ibhu lihlala elangeni isikhathi esithile bese loma amaphiko alo asakazekile, ngemuva kwalokho liyofuna ukudla nomlingani walo.
Izitha zemvelo zovemvane lwe-swallowtail
Isithombe: Butterfly yeSwallowtail
Kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo, lesi sinambuzane silandelwa yingozi. Uvemvane lweSwallowtail lungaba ukudla kwama-arachnids, izinyoni, izintuthwane, izinambuzane, nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Abasengozini kakhulu amabhu asesigabeni sesibungu noma seziphungumangathi. Isinambuzane siyakwazi ukugwema ukuhlaselwa ngenxa yombala waso wokufihla.
Lapho esemncane, isibungu sibukeka njengomswani wezinyoni. Ngemuva kwe-molt elandelayo, kuvela izindawo ezimnyama nezikhanyayo ze-orange emzimbeni. Ukubukeka okumibalabala kukwenza kucace ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ukuthi izinambuzane azikulungele ukudliwa ngabantu. Uma isibungu sizwa ingozi, siqala ukukhipha iphunga elibi elingathandeki nezimpondo zalo, okukhombisa ukuthi ukunambitheka kwaso nakho kuyenyanyeka.
Ezimpikweni zangemuva kunezindawo ezibomvu ngokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomngcele omnyama, ofana namehlo. Lapho izimpiko zisabalele, lezi zindawo zokubukisa azidikibalisi izidalwa ezifuna ukuzitika ngenundu. Umphumela ulungiswa yizinqubo ezinde ezinhlangothini zamaphiko, afana nemisila.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule, amabhu abhekwa njengezilokazane ngenxa yokudliwa kwezitshalo ezitshalwe ngabantu. Abantu babhubhisa izimvemvane ngayo yonke indlela, belapha amasimu ngoshevu nangamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezinhlobo lehla ngokushesha futhi kwaba ngumsebenzi onenkinga ukuhlangabezana nalesi sidalwa esimpintshayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Machaon
Inani labantu le-swallowtail lincane futhi lihlobene ngqo nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zazo zemvelo. Ensimini yaseRussia, abantu babhekwa njengabancane. Izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezihlala ezindaweni ezigudle ujantshi wesitimela nemisele yokuhambisa amanzi zichayeke kumakhemikhali anobuthi.
Umonakalo omkhulu udalwa ukushiswa kotshani basekwindla, obuthole inhlekelele enkulu. Lapho kushiswa utshani entwasahlobo, inani elikhulu leziphungumangathi libhujiswa, elifihla ngeziqu zezitshalo. Ukugunda ihlobo emigwaqweni emikhulu nakho kudala umonakalo omkhulu ngokwezibalo.
Isabelo sokusolwa siwela kubaqoqi abafuna ukuthola izinhlobo eziningi ezisengozini yokuqothulwa okusemandleni ngangokunokwenzeka emaqoqweni abo. Babamba abantu ngabodwana noma amasethi abo, noma bashintshisane nabanye abathandi bezimvemvane abavela emazweni ahlukahlukene. Kepha akekho oqoqa izibalo, njengedatha yenani lomonakalo.
Izinkinga zemvelo zibandakanya izimo zezulu ezibandayo, amazinga okushisa aphansi, isithwathwa sakuqala, ngenxa yokuthi umuntu akanaso isikhathi sokufunda, ekwindla isikhathi eside, okuholela ekunqotshweni kwesibungu isikhunta nezinambuzane. Ukwehla kwamanani kuyabonakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwamanye amazwe, lezi zinhlobo ziyavikelwa.
Unogada wesivemvane iSwallowtail
Isithombe: uvemvane olubizwa ngeSwallowtail oluvela eRed Book
Lezi zinhlobo zafakwa kwiRed Data Book yase-Ukraine ngo-1994, ngo-1998 eRed Data Book yesiFunda saseMoscow, eRed Data Book yesiFunda saseVologda, eRed Data Book yaseLithuania, naseRed Data Book yaseKarelia futhi yabelwa esigabeni sesi-3. Encwadini Ebomvu YaseJalimane, kunikezwa isigaba se-4. Encwadini Ebomvu YaseLatvia naseRed Book Yesifunda SaseSmolensk, lezi zinhlobo zimakwe ngezigaba ezi-2 zengozi yokuqothulwa.
Izazi zemvelo emhlabeni wonke zikhathazekile ngenani lamabhu futhi zithatha izinyathelo zokuqeda usongo lokuqothulwa kohlobo. E-Tatarstan, kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokuhlala esibizwa nge- "Makhaon Valley". Yenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi kulondolozwe indawo enamachibi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ukuze kunakwe inkinga, ngo-2013 eLatvia isithombe sesinambuzane sabekwa engutsheni yezikhali zesifunda saseSkrudaliena. Ngo-2006, i-swallowtail yaba wuphawu lweJalimane. Emazweni angenhla, kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukubamba izimvemvane ezindala nokucekela phansi amacimbi. Akuvunyelwe ukusabalalisa izinambuzane futhi kudle imfuyo endaweni yokuhlala.
Izakhamuzi ezikhathalelayo zeplanethi zibandakanyeka ekuzaleni amabhu ekhaya. ngalokhu, izimvemvane kufanele zinikezwe i-aquarium yamalitha ayi-10 kubantu aba-5, isitsha esinamanzi, i-dill kanye negatsha, lapho amacimbi azofunda khona ngokulindela ukuguqulwa komzimba. Kudingeka amanzi noju ukondla izimvemvane.
Lezi zidalwa ezintekenteke zisithokozisa ngobuhle bazo, ukuhamba kwazo kalula, nokuguquka okumangalisayo. Abanye bazama ukubamba inundu ukuze bazijabulise, bengazi ukuthi impilo yalo imfushane kakhulu. Ubukhazikhazi babo buthokozelwa kakhulu endle ngaphandle kokunciphisa isikhathi esivele sisifushane sezimvemvane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.06.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-22: 06
