IBarracuda luhlobo lonke, oluqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-29. Zonke ziyafana futhi ziyizilwane ezizingelayo. Ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi amahlosi olwandle ngejubane namandla azo. Ngempela, inhlanzi yase-barracuda ngamazinyo ayo abukhali emigqeni emibili - ukuduma kwezilwandle, okwethusa izinhlanzi ezincane, nezinkulu kakhulu. Angalimaza kanzima oshaka, okubadikibalisa ekuhlaseleni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseBarracuda
IBarracudas yenziwe i-ray kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi - ngakho-ke, ukuvela kwayo okuyinhloko kwaqhubeka ngendlela efanayo. Izinsalela zokuqala zezinsalela zezinhlanzi ezenziwe ngemisebe zibuyela emuva eMiddle Devonia - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-390 edlule. Ngemuva kweminye iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-50, zasakazeka kuyo yonke iplanethi, kwavela izihlokwana - kufaka phakathi izimpukane ezintsha, ezibandakanya i-barracuda. Kakade esikhathini se-Triassic, i-hoard yezinhlanzi ezinamathambo ivelele kubo - kungalezi izinhlanzi eziningi ezisasele kuze kube yilolu suku, kufaka phakathi i-barracuda, ezingaphansi kwazo.
Ngokuqhubeka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iqembu le-mackerel lakhiwa, elibandakanya umndeni we-barracuda, futhi selivele luwuhlobo lwe-barracuda. Kodwa-ke, ukuhleleka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo nokulandelana kwezikhathi akuzange kuhlolwe ngokwanele. Izinhlobo eziningi ezingasekho ze-barracuda ziyaziwa, kepha, ngokusho kososayensi, iningi lazo zisindile ngempumelelo kuze kube yilolu suku.
Ividiyo: Inhlanzi yaseBarracuda
Igama lesiLatin nguSphyraena, uhlobo olutholwe kanye nencazelo yesayensi eyenziwe ngo-1778 ngusosayensi wezitshalo waseJacob Klein. Eminyakeni eyalandela, kwanda izinhlobo zezinhlobo ngazinye, ngokwesibonelo, iSphyraena barracuda ngo-1781, iSphyraena jello ngo-1829 - njalonjalo. Izinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina zichazwe muva nje: ngo-2005 nango-2015.
Zingu-29 zazo okwamanje, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi kusekhona uhlobo noma ezimbalwa, ezilinde nje ukuthi zinikezwe incazelo yesayensi. Kakade, umndeni ugcwele kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuhlukanisa abanye abamele abanye, ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala, kufaka phakathi izingxenyana zomhlaba ezingatadiswanga kangako.
Ezinye izinhlobo zesimanje:
- i-barracuda enkulu - imvamisa ubude bale nhlanzi bungamasentimitha angama-70-90, kanti isisindo singu-3-8 kg. Kwezinye izimo, ingakhula ibe nkulu kakhulu futhi ibe nesisindo esifinyelela kuma-50 kg. Itholakala ikakhulu oLwandle lweCaribbean;
- I-guancho - ingaphansi kunaleyo eyedlule ngobude futhi inciphe kakhulu, ngakho-ke inesisindo esingaphansi kakhulu (imvamisa ibanga elingu-1-1.5 kg). Kugqame ngokusobala ukuthi inyama yayo ayinakufakwa ubuthi - ngakho-ke iyabanjwa futhi idliwe ngendlela ethosiwe futhi ebhemayo;
- i-barracuda yesiliva - ubude bayo buyi-1.1-1.5 metres, kanti isisindo sayo ngu-5-10 kg. Itholakala ngasogwini olusentshonalanga yamazwe aseMelika, imvamisa iyimihlambi emincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lona kanye igama elithi "barracuda" kukholakala ukuthi lisuselwa kwi-barraco yaseSpain, okusho ukuthi amazinyo angalungile. AbaseSpain bayinike ngemuva kokuhlangana okokuqala nale nhlanzi, befika eCaribbean.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseBarracuda oLwandle Olubomvu
Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke se-barracuda umhlathi ophansi ophumile, obanikeza ukubukeka okunolaka. Kulokhu banokufana okubonakalayo namaphikishi, yize izakhi zofuzo ziqhelelene kakhulu. Amazinyo asemlonyeni we-barracuda ahlelwe ngemigqa emibili: amancane ngaphandle, futhi amakhulu ngemuva kwawo. Umzimba uvulekile futhi uzacile ngokwanele - lokhu kumila kuyadingeka ukwenza kube lula ukusika umsele wamanzi. Umugqa ohlangothini ugqame ngokusobala kuwo. Amaphiko emhlane ahlukaniswe kabanzi futhi ahluke ngokuphawulekayo komunye nomunye.
Ngenxa yomsila onamandla, i-barracuda iba nesivinini esikhulu - ingeqa ama-40 km / h lapho inhlanzi yenza udwi ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-barracuda ingenye yezinhlanzi ezisheshayo, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukufihla kuyo. Esinye isici esithandekayo: ngosizo lwesibhuku sokubhukuda, i-barracuda ayikwazi kuphela ukulawula ukujula kokuntywila, kepha futhi, uma kunesidingo, ibhukuda ezindaweni eziwumngcingo kakhulu, njengemifantu ephakathi kwamatshe - ngoba lokhu kudinga ukuqeda ibhamuza. Ithuba eliwusizo ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Umbala wengxenye engenhla ungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo: kusuka kokumhlophe nokumnyama, kufaka nemibala ekhanyayo efana nohlaza. Kepha isisu sihlala simhlophe futhi izinhlangothi eziseduze nazo ziyisilivere. Ubukhulu nesisindo kuya ngohlobo lwe-barracuda, futhi lungahluka kakhulu - kepha-ke, cishe bonke abamele uhlobo bohlobo bangabangelwa izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abaphethe amarekhodi phakathi kwabo yi-barracuda yaseGuinea (afra) - bangakhula bafike kumasentimitha angama-210, kanti isisindo sabo sifinyelela kuma-kilogram angama-60. Futhi ngisho nezaseYurophu zincane kunazo zonke, zikhula zibe ngamasentimitha angama-50-60, futhi zinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-4-6 (futhi kwezinye izimo kuphindwe kaningi).
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi yase-barracuda?
Isithombe: I-barracuda yezinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti
Le nhlanzi ihlala emanzini afudumele asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni eshisayo, ezilwandle ezintathu - awukwazi ukuyithola e-Arctic kuphela. Ihlala eduze nendawo ephezulu, ayibhukudi iye ekujuleni, kuyilapho ikwazi ukuhlala olwandle oluvulekile nangasogwini, emanzini angajulile.
Izinhlobo ezinkulu zihlala olwandle oluvulekile, kepha ezincane zithanda amanzi athambile nodaka. Bathanda izindawo ezinenqwaba yezindawo zokukhosela: amadwala, amadwala, amahlathi, ngoba ungacasha kuzo ngenkathi uzingela. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukutholakala emachwebeni angajulile, agcwele isisulu.
Izinhlobo eziyi-8 zitholakala oLwandle Olubomvu. Zijwayelekile futhi oLwandle iMedithera, kepha hhayi kakhulu, futhi izinhlobo zazo zimbalwa kulolu lwandle - ziyi-4 kuphela, kanti ingxenye yazo yasuka oLwandle Olubomvu ngemuva kokuba iqale ukuxhumana.
Futhi, le nhlanzi ithanda uLwandle lweCaribbean, ngoba kunezidalwa eziningi eziphilayo nokuhlakazeka kweziqhingi kuyo, okusho ukuthi kunamanzi amaningi amangelengele aseduze, futhi lokhu kuyipharadesi langempela le-barracuda. Zitholakala futhi ngasogwini lwaseRussia oLwandle lwaseJapan.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-Evolution inikeze i-barracuda konke okudingwa ngumzingeli omuhle. Lawa ngamazinyo abukhali ahlaba ngokujulile isisulu, nokubona okuhle kakhulu, okukuvumela ukuthi ibone kangcono kakhulu kunezinye izakhamizi zolwandle esimweni sezulu esibi, umlomo ushaya uvaliwe endabeni yama-millisecond, isivinini sathuthuka.
Isivinini esithakazelisa ngokukhethekile: i-barracuda ingafinyelela ku-50 km / h futhi, ngaphezu kwamaphiko aqinile nomzimba oguqulwe ukusika amanzi, lokhu kufinyelelwa yi-mucus ekhethekile eyikhiqizayo, enciphisa ukumelana kwamanzi - igubuzele umzimba we-barracuda, yenza kube lula ukuyinqoba cishe kabili njengokulula.
Zidlani izinhlanzi ze-barracuda?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseBarracuda
Imenyu yalesi sidalwa iqukethe:
- ezinye izinhlanzi ezincane njenge-tuna noma isardadi;
- ingwane;
- ama-crustaceans;
- izikelemu zegazi;
- caviar.
Lena inhlanzi enamandla kakhulu, futhi nsuku zonke idinga ukudla okungamakhilogremu amaningana, ngenxa yalokho kucishe kube ukuzingela okumatasa njalo. IBarracuda ingazingela yodwa, ilinde inyamazane ngokuqamekela, icashe emadwaleni noma ezihlahleni, noma eqenjini. Esehlakalweni sesibili, zihlasela izikole futhi, zihlasela zivela nhlangothi zonke, zidala ukwethuka lapho ezinye izinhlanzi zizowela emazinyweni abazingeli. Ukuzingelwa kwezinhlanzi okuncane emihlambini, enkulu kunazo zonke ithanda ukuzingelwa wedwa. Bayakwazi ukulandela isisulu isikhathi eside.
IBarracuda nabantu bakubo abancane abagwema ukunakwa - okokuqala, kuphela abakhulayo. Isidlakudla siyakwazi ukubamba futhi sidle, futhi, uma siphelelwa ukuqapha, ngakho-ke i-barracuda yokuzingela enesizungu kaningi idinga ukuqaphela ukuze ingahlaselwa ngomunye. Futhi kunengozi emhlambini: uma i-barracuda ilimala ngesikhathi sokuzingela futhi iba buthakathaka, abantu besizwe nabo bangayidabula bayidle. Mayelana nokoma kwegazi nokuba nonya, ziqhathaniswa noshaka, futhi azinalo idumela elifanayo elisabekayo kuphela ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obuncane.
Bayakwazi nokuhlasela izinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu kunabo - kulokhu, bahlasela emhlambini futhi balume ngesihluku inyamazane ephilayo ize ife. Ngokuvamile, inhlanzi enkulu esivele ilimele futhi yenziwa buthaka yiyo ihlaselwa ngaleyo ndlela.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseBarracuda oLwandlekazi iPacific
Isikhathi esiningi, i-barracuda ivele intante noma icathamele abantu, ilinde inyamazane. Kungasebenza kokubili emini nasebusuku - akuncikile esikhathini sosuku, kodwa esimweni sezulu. Esimweni sezulu esingesihle, lapho ulwandle lukhathazeka, luba nolaka ngokwengeziwe, isifiso salo sikhula. Uma isiphepho sinamandla, singena emanzini angajulile futhi sicashe emagagasini ohlaza. Olwandle oluzolile, ukuzingela kunzima kakhulu, ngoba kulula ukuthi isisulu sikubone kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, lapho usuku lucacile nolwandle luzolile, i-barracuda incamela ukuphumula, futhi iya ekuzingeleni kuphela uma lesi sikhathi sibambezelekile, bese iqala ukuzwa indlala.
Kubantu, lezi zinhlanzi ngokuvamile azibeki ingozi - yize umhlambi wazo ungabukeka usongela, ngoba izinhlanzi ezinkulu zinde njengomuntu, kodwa azizingeli bantu. Kuyiqiniso, kwesinye isikhathi ukuhlaselwa kuyenzeka: isizathu kungaba amanzi anodaka, ngenxa yalokho i-barracuda idida umuntu nezinye izakhamuzi zolwandle.
Angaphinda ahlasele umuntu uma kungukuthi uziphatha kabi: emakhoneni noma emlimaza. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iluma ukuvikela, futhi ivame ukukhawulelwa ngokulunywa okukodwa - uma ikwazi ukuphunyula, khona-ke iyaphunyuka. Ukulimala okushiywe yile nhlanzi kuyingozi kakhulu ngenxa yamazinyo abukhali - kushiya ukuqhuma futhi kulimaza imithambo yegazi.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uma umuntu engakhombisi ubudlova futhi i-barracuda imbona kahle, ingasuswa ngokuphepha ebangeni eliseduze, yena ngokwakhe uya kubantu futhi abahlole ngelukuluku. Kepha isimilo futhi sincike ezinhlotsheni - ngokwesibonelo, i-barracuda enomsila ophuzi iyesabeka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Malek fish barracuda
Imvamisa ama-barracuda agcina emaphaketheni, kepha awanabo ubukhosi kanye nenhlaka yezenhlalo eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi lokhu kuyadingeka kakhulu ekuzingeleni ngokuhlanganyela. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zihlala zodwa. Kodwa ngisho nenhlanzi eyodwa ibuthana ezikoleni ukuze ikhiqize. Akukakafundwa ukuthi kwenzeka ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka nokuthi kuba yini imfuneko yokuqala kwalesi sikhathi.
Umanyolo ungaphandle, amaqanda angaba kusuka ku-5 000 kwabesifazane abancane kuya ku-300,000 kokukhulu kakhulu nokuvuthiwe. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa kwabazali, ikusasa lamaqanda alisekho, liqhubeka nokuntanta kwamahhala. Ekuqaleni, gazinga bahlala eduze nogu, futhi baqala ukuzingela maduzane, besebancane ngosayizi.
Ekuqaleni, bahlala emanzini angajulile, kodwa kakade bekhula kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-8-10, baqhubekela phambili. Njengoba zikhula, zihambela kude kakhulu nasogwini, futhi ngemuva kokufinyelela uhhafu wemitha ngosayizi sezingakwazi ukubhukuda olwandle oluvulekile futhi zibe yizilwane ezinamandla. Sekukonke, i-barracuda iphila iminyaka eyi-8-14.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kusukela ohambweni lokuqala lwabantu baseYurophu kuya eNew World, i-barracuda yathola udumo kubo. U-Lord de Rochefort ngo-1665 wamchaza njengesinye sezilo ezimbi kakhulu zolwandle, egijimela ngonya abantu emanzini futhi ethanda ukuzitika ngenyama yomuntu.
Lo mqondo we-barracuda, owavela ikakhulu ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okwesabekayo, futhi osekelwa amacala angawodwa okuhlaselwa kwabantu, wawukhona kuze kube sekhulwini lama-20. Ngezinga elithile, kuyiqiniso, kepha noma kunjalo izindaba ezimayelana nentukuthelo yakhe embi nokuhlaselwa okukhethekile kubantu ziyisihaba esinamandla.
Izitha zemvelo zezinhlanzi ze-barracuda
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseBarracuda
IBarracuda cishe ayinabaphikisi emvelweni abangabazingela ngenhloso - ayitholakali esiswini soshaka ngisho nemikhomo ebulalayo, ngakho-ke abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-barracudas awafakiwe ekudleni kwabo. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ziyashesha kakhulu futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuzibamba kunezinye izinhlanzi. I-Caviar nezinhlanzi ezincane ziyingozi kakhulu - kunabantu abaningi abafuna ukuzidla olwandle, ngenxa yalokho ingxenye encane yama-barracudas asezelwe asinda ekuvuthweni. Iningi lezilwane zasolwandle ezikwaziyo ukuzitika ngama-caviar kanye ne-barracuda gazinga.
Kepha lezi zokugcina zishiya masinyane ukungabi namandla okuzivikela: ezineminyaka engamasonto ambalwa zikwazi ukuzivikela ezinhlanzini ezithile ezidlayo. Esimweni esinjalo, izidalwa ezinkulu kuphela ezihlala ziyisongo kubo, futhi njengoba zikhula, inani elincane lazo liyakwazi ukusongela i-barracuda esencane. Lapho eba mdala, khona-ke kunezinhlekelele ezimbili kuphela - indoda namanye ama-barracudas. Lezi zokugcina zibonisa ulaka ikakhulukazi uma zibona izinhlanzi ezilimele, ezingaba yisisulu sokulula, kokunye azingeni ezimpini noma ngabe zinkulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isinqumo sokuhlasela i-barracuda sidinga ukwenziwa ngekhulu lesibili, futhi kulokhu sincike ekubukeni, ngakho-ke izinto ezicwebezelayo zingadala ukuhlaselwa kwayo. Uma uwasusa wonke ngaphambi kokucwiliswa emanzini, akunakwenzeka ukuthi akhombise ulaka.
Ubungozi bungagwenywa ngokuphelele uma amanzi ecacile - ebona ngokusobala ukuthi kukhona umuntu phambi kwabo, ama-barracuda awafuni ukumhlasela, futhi kaningi ngasikhathi sinye awakhombisi ukwesaba, azivumela ukuthi ahlolwe eduze. Yi-barracuda evukile kuphela engakhombisa ubutha - futhi ingaqondakala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-barracuda yezinhlanzi zamanzi anosawoti
Akukho okusongela inani lama-barracudas - lezi zilwane ezinamandla ziyakwazi ukuzinakekela, futhi iningi lazo akuzona izinto zokudoba okusebenzayo. I-Barracudas ithatha isikhundla esikahle kakhulu: ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala, ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezivelele ngenxa yobukhulu namandla azo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye azinkulu kangako ukuthi zingavamile.
Ngemuva kwakho konke, izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu zivame ukudinga indawo enkulu nokudla okuningi, ngenxa yalokho kukhona okumbalwa, ngama-barracudas akukho okufana nalokhu: ezindaweni zasolwandle endaweni encane, eziningi zazo zingaphila. Isibalo esinembile sabantu be-barracuda ngisho nezinhlobo zaso ngazinye asinakwenzeka, kepha noma ngabe kunjalo, akukho nolulodwa uhlobo lwesilwane olubalwe phakathi kwalabo abasengozini - le nhlanzi yanda ngokushesha nangempumelelo, futhi izigidi eziningi zama-barracudas cishe ziyabhukuda ngobukhulu bezilwandle zomhlaba.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Akuthandeki ukudla ezinye izinhlobo zebharruda ngoba isibindi ne-caviar yabo inobuthi. Lokhu kusebenza kulezo zinhlobo ezinabamele abadla amaphaphu anobuthi kubantu futhi baqoqa ama-ciguatoxin. Ngenxa yobuthi nabo, i-colic, isicanucanu nokuhlanza kungenzeka, kokunye kungenzeka nokufa.
Kepha ezinye izinhlobo ze-barracuda ziyadliwa, nenyama yazo ithambile futhi imnandi, ngakho-ke inendawo ebalulekile ezindaweni zokupheka zabantu abaningi emhlabeni abahlala ngasogwini lolwandle. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitsha ezine-barracuda okufanele uzame nakanjani: kuhle zombili ezithosiwe nezisitshulu, ngamakhowe, kusoso o-creamy ne-pasta.
Izilwane zasolwandle ezinamandla, ama-barracudas adinga ukuqaphela - uma kwaziwa ukuthi atholakala ezindaweni zokugeza, kungcono ukucacisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lwenhliziyo lungaba nolaka kanjani futhi lubheke izidingo zokuphepha. Kepha imvamisa abakhombisi ubutha ngamabomu kubantu, okungeke kushiwo ngabanye abantu bezilwandle, abavame ukuhlupheka ngabo. Inhlanzi yaseBarracuda - isilwane esisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi sithakazelisa kuwo wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05/26/2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 20.09.2019 ngo-20: 59
