Uma ubona, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nasekuqaleni kukaMeyi ungabona ukuthi amabhungane aphakathi nendawo ahamba kancane kancane emhlabathini bese endiza ngokushesha emoyeni. Lesi sinambuzane sibizwa Chafer... Lesi yisinambuzane esidume kakhulu esidala umonakalo omkhulu emkhakheni wezolimo wempilo yomuntu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ibhungane lakwaMay liyisilwane esithokozisayo esinemikhuba yaso nendlela yaso yokuphila.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: May beetle
I-Khrushch yisinambuzane esikhulu ngokwanele. Abanye abameleli bohlobo lwayo bafinyelela kumamilimitha angamashumi amathathu ubude, banomzimba obanzi obanzi, umbala omnyama noma onsundu ngokubomvu. Kwangathi amabhungane abizwa nangokuthi amabhungane, kanti ngesiLatini abizwa ngokuthi iMelolontha. Lezi zinambuzane ziyingxenye ye-coleoptera oda, ziyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu we-lamellar. Kwangathi amabhungane asungula uhlobo lwawo olungaziwa.
Ividiyo: Kwangathi ibhungane
Inani lamabhungane libhekane nokuxhuma okukhulu ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene. Kwakukhona kokubili ukuwa nokuphakama kwinani lezilokazane. Inani eliphakeme kakhulu labantu lalingamashumi amahlanu. Lapho-ke amabhungane adala umonakalo omkhulu emhlabeni wezolimo nasezivandeni. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi baqala ukusebenzisa ngenkuthalo izibulala-zinambuzane ukulima amasimu abo. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kunciphise kakhulu inani lezilokazane, bese kuziqothula ngokuphelele. Uhlobo lukaMeyi mabhungane lukwazile ukubuyisa izinga eliphezulu labantu balo kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka yama-80, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezithile zezibulala-zinambuzane kwakungavunyelwe.
Kwangathi amabhungane izidalwa ezimangalisayo. Banekhwalithi engavamile njengokuzimisela. Isinambuzane sizondizela kulokho okuhlosiwe kungakhathalekile.
Uhlobo lukaMay mabhungane lukhulu ngokwanele. Inezinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili nane. Lawa yiMelolontha aceris, iMelolontha afflicta, iMelolontha anita nezinye eziningi. Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zezinhlobo zihlala endaweni yeRussia yanamuhla. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukuziphatha namakhono ala mabhungane afana nokuziphatha kweminyovu ejwayelekile, izinyosi zezinyosi. Lezi zinambuzane ziyazi nokuthi zikhumbule kanjani indawo, ukuzulazula ngokuphelele kuyo. Kodwa umehluko ophawulekayo ezinyosini, iminyovu ukulimala okubangelwa amabhungane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: May beetle insect
AmaKhrushches izinambuzane ezinkulu. Ubude bomzimba wabo busukela kumamilimitha ayishumi nesikhombisa kuya kumashumi amathathu nanye. Umzimba wesilwane ubanzi, u-oval, kwesinye isikhathi uyavuleka kancane. Umbala womzimba uvame ukuba nsundu ngokubomvu, ube mnyama. I-Elytra ilandela ukuma komzimba, inezimbambo ezinhlanu ezincane. Zingaba namandla noma zibe buthakathaka, kuya ngohlobo lwazo.
Umbala we-elytra uhlukile: obomvu-nsundu, ophuzi nsundu, onombala oluhlaza okotshani. Amabhungane ane-pygidia. Inkulu ngokwanele, inesimo esingunxantathu (ngokuvamile ibuthuntu). Ekugcineni, i-pygidium inwetshelwa kwinqubo. Kwabesilisa, inqubo ibizwa kakhulu, yinde, kwabesifazane imfushane.
IPygidium ayimbozwa ngamaphiko. Umzimba uqukethe izigaba ezintathu: isisu, isifuba, ikhanda. Isisu sixhunywe ngokuqinile esifubeni; sihlukaniswe saba izingxenye eziyisishiyagalombili. Isifuba sebhungane simbozwe uboya obukhulu, obuphuzi obude. Isisu sibuye simbozwe izinwele eziminyene, ezixhunywe ngci emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwabo, izinwele ezinde ziphuma esiswini. Imilenze yesilwane nayo imbozwe izinwele; i-tibia yangaphambili inamazinyo amabili noma amathathu.
Kwangathi amabhungane angandiza kakhulu. Futhi lokhu naphezu kwayo yonke imithetho ye-aerodynamics. Ngokwesayensi, lezi zinambuzane zinokuphakama okuncane kakhulu ukundiza. Kodwa-ke, iKhrushchev ingahamba amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili ngendiza ngosuku olulodwa nje.
Umzimba webhungane likaMay uqine kakhulu. Unamabhangqa amabili amaphiko, imilenze ekhule kahle. Sekukonke, ibhungane linamabhangqa amathathu emilenze. Ngosizo lwabo, leli bhungane linamathela ngokuthembekile ezihlahleni, ezitshalweni, emagatsheni. Zisiza nokumba izimbobo ezijulile enhlabathini. Umlomo webhungane likaMay uyagedla.
Uhlala kuphi ibhungane?
Isithombe: May beetle
Indawo okuhlala kuyo amabhungane kaMay ibanzi ngokwanele, ihlanganisa amazwekazi amaningi.
Kubandakanya amazwe alandelayo, izindawo:
- IYurophu, i-Ukraine, iRussia;
- I-Asia Ephakathi, eCaucasus;
- I-USA, enyakatho ye-Iran, India;
- I-China, iTibet, iJapane;
- EPhilippines, e-Indochina.
Ezinhlotsheni ezingamashumi amabili nantathu, izinhlobo eziningi zihlala endaweni yePalaearctic. Izinhlobo eziyisithupha kuphela ezihlala ezindaweni eziseNingizimu naseMpumalanga ye-Asia, indawo ye-Indomalayan, iziqhingi eziphakathi kwe-Australia ne-Asia. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinhlobo zebhungane litholakala ensimini yeRussian Federation, amazwe e-CIS. Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zihlala lapho: Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha clypeata, Melolontha kraatzi, Melolontha aceris, Melolontha melolontha, Melolontha permira, Melolontha afflicta, Melolontha pectoralis, Melolontha gussakovskii.
Emazweni aseNyakatho Melika, amabhungane ayingozi ethile. Kule nsimu, abanazo izitha zemvelo zokulawula inani lalezi zinambuzane. Kwangathi ibhungane lingaphindaphindeka futhi libhubhise yonke indawo yezolimo, ingadi ezwenikazi.
Kwangathi amabhungane abeka amaqanda ngenzalo yesikhathi esizayo emhlabathini, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala, izinambuzane zinaka umhlaba. Lezi zinambuzane azikaze zihlale ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona inhlabathi yobumba. Akunakwenzeka ukumba umhubhe ofanele kuwo. Inhlabathi eyisihlabathi enesihlabathi ilungele amabhungane. Bahlala eduze kwamahlathi, ezigodini zemifula. Futhi, lapho ukhetha indawo, ukutholakala kokudla eduze, isimo sezulu esipholile, kudlala indima enkulu.
Yini edliwa ibhungane?
Isithombe: May beetle
Kwangathi amabhungane ayizinambuzane ezidume kakhulu. Lezi izinambuzane eziwusongo oluphindwe kabili emhlabeni. Ziyalimaza ebudaleni nasesigabeni sesibungu. Amabhungane anjalo avela kahle ngesikhathi sokufuthwa okusebenzayo, izihlahla eziqhakazayo. Bakwazi ukulimaza kakhulu izitshalo ezincane. Amabhungane amadala anokudla okulula. Kubandakanya kuphela amaqabunga ezihlahlana nezihlahla. Bakhetha i-willow, i-linden, i-oki, i-birch, i-cherry, i-maple, iplamu, ipheya nezinye izihlahla zezithelo eziningi.
Ukuze badle ukudla, amabhungane amadala asebenzisa izinto zawo zomlomo ezinamandla. Inemihlathi emibili, ekwazi ukugaya amaqabunga ngisho nokukhonkotha kwezihlahla ezincane. Lapho ifuna ukudla, ibhungane likaMeyi lingandiza amakhilomitha angamashumi amabili nsuku zonke. Ngasikhathi sinye, uyazi ukuthi angakha kanjani ijubane elihle lesinambuzane esincane.
Ngesikhathi izindiza zayo, amabhungane endaweni yaseRussia, eYurophu, emazweni e-CIS angabhubhisa wonke amahlathi nezingadi. Noma kunjalo, lo mphumela obhubhisayo awuhlali isikhathi eside. Amabhungane andiza kungadluli izinsuku ezingamashumi amane.
Ngaphandle kokulimala okukhulu okubangelwa amabhungane amadala, amabhungane ayingozi kakhulu lapho kuqubuka izibungu. Banesifiso esihle kakhulu sokudla.
Ukudla kwezibungu kufaka:
- izimpande ze-sitrobheli;
- izimpande zezinhlobonhlobo zemifino;
- izimpande zezihlahla zezithelo;
- amazambane;
- izimpande zommbila;
- izimpande ze-larch, i-spruce, i-pine, umsedari, i-birch;
- izimpande zotshani zotshani.
Izibungu, ezindala, zinesifiso esikhulu sokudla. Kunobufakazi bokuthi isibungu esisodwa, okungenani esineminyaka emithathu ubudala, singakwazi ukushwabadela ngokuphelele izimpande zesihlahla sikaphayini ngosuku olulodwa nje.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IGreat May beetle
I-Khrushchev yizilwane ezijezisiwe ezihola indlela yokuphila ehlelekile. Cishe zonke izinhlobo zinonyaka wazo wobusika obukhulu. Futhi le ndlela ayiguquki. Ngakho-ke, amabhungane aseNigripes enza iminyaka kanye njalo eminyakeni emine. Kumayelana nehlobo elikhulu. Lokho wukuthi, phakathi kwale minyaka emine, abamele amaNigripes bangatholakala ngezinombolo ezincane.
Umsebenzi omkhulu kaMay mabhungane ukufuna ukudla. Yileli bhizinisi lezi zinambuzane ezihileleka kulo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa kwazo. Abantu abadala bandiza beyofuna amaqabunga; izibungu zidla uhlelo lwempande lwezihlahla nezitshalo ngaphansi komhlaba. Le ndlela idlula cishe ngayo yonke impilo yesinambuzane.
Kwangathi amabhungane angahlukaniswa ngokuzimisela okukhulu. Kepha kunesici esibasusa kwisigqi sabo esijwayelekile sempilo. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela ongamisa kancane ukusebenza kwebhungane. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sezulu esicacile, isilwane asibonisi umsebenzi waso.
UMay Khrushch uyinhlekelele yangempela kwezolimo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, abantu babenza ukubhujiswa okukhulu kwamabhungane lapho abantu babo bedlula imikhawulo evunyelwe. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1968 eSaxony, kwabhujiswa amabhungane angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi nanhlanu ngasikhathi sinye. Uma namuhla sivumela ukwanda kwenani lamabhungane kuleso sibalo, khona-ke inhlekelele yomhlaba wonke izokwenzeka embonini yezolimo.
Umlingiswa kaMay Khrushchev unokuthula. Lesi sinambuzane sizama ukugwema umphakathi wesintu. Inenjongo kakhulu, ichitha usuku lonke ekufuneni nasekugayeni ukudla. Ibhungane lakwaMay alingeni ezimpini nezinye izinambuzane nezilwane. Kuhola impilo ezolile, elinganisiwe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Kwangathi ibhungane entwasahlobo
I-Khrushch uhlobo lwesilwane se-arthropod. Izala kabusha ngokocansi. Abamele lolu hlobo banezinsikazi, abesilisa. Esikhathini esithile ngemuva kokukhwelana, ibhungane lensikazi lizalela amaqanda. Ukuze enze lokhu, kufanele abambe umhubhe enhlabathini. Ukujula komhubhe kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha angamashumi amathathu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, wonke amaqanda azofa. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angamashumi ayisikhombisa.
Ngemuva kokubekwa kwamaqanda, insikazi kaMay bhungane ibulawa ngokushesha. Kuze kube manje, abesilisa abakhulelisa laba besifazane bayafa. Ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye, izibungu ziqala ukuvela emaqandeni. Bazohlala enhlabathini iminyaka emine. Ahluke ngokuphelele kumabhungane amadala. Iziphungumangathi zenzelwe impilo emhlabeni. Awanamehlo, umzimba umhlophe, nesimo esinjengesibungu senza ukuthi isibungu sikwazi ukuhamba kalula emhlabathini sifuna ukudla.
Izibungu zebhungane zinemihlathi enamandla kakhulu. Ngosizo lwawo, isilwane singazenzela imihubhe, siziququda ngezimpande eziqinile zezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, izibungu azitholi amandla anjalo ngokushesha. Ngonyaka wokuqala wempilo yabo, abakwazi ukuququda futhi badle izinhlelo zezimpande ezinzima. Ngalesi sikhathi, badla ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwezitshalo. Kuphela unyaka nohhafu ngemuva kokuzalwa, lesi sibungu siqala ukudla izitshalo zezimpande, izimpande.
Ekupheleni konyaka odlule, lesi sibungu siphenduka isiphungumangathi. Ifana kakhulu nomuntu omdala, kepha ayinayo igobolondo elinzima. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isiphungumangathi siba nemilenze, izimpiko, nezinye izitho ezibalulekile, anazo ibhungane uMay omdala. Ekugcineni, isiphungumangathi siba ibhungane ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili.
Izitha zemvelo zikaMay mabhungane
Isithombe: I-Big beetle
Kwangathi amabhungane ayizisulu ezihlwabusayo zezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni ezingadli ukudla, amalulwane. I-Khrushchev "isitsha" esiyintandokazi sezinkanyezi, izinyoni ezimnyama, ama-rook, ama-magpies, ama-jays. Abadli abantu abadala kuphela, kodwa futhi nezibungu. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi abaningi bazama ukuheha izinyoni ezindaweni zabo. Basiza ukuqeda lesi silokazane ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto ezinobungozi. Amalulwane nawo aqothula izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Ngenkathi eyodwa, izigaxa zezinkanyezi zingazimela ngokuzimela cishe amabhungane ayizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili, izibungu zamabhungane nezinye izinambuzane ezivamile zensimu.
Izilwane ezincane nezincane. Kwangathi amabhungane angadliwa ama-badger, ama-hedgehogs, nama-moles. Ngakho-ke, ukulwa nalezi zinambuzane, abalimi balulekwa ngokuqinile ukuthi bagcwalise izingadi ezinama-hedgehogs. Izibungu, amabhungane amadala akha isisekelo sokudla kwalesi silwane.
Izilwane ezifuywayo. Amakati nezinja zasendlini bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu bamabhungane. Baqala babambe izinambuzane, bese bengadlala ngazo, bese bedla kuphela. Lokhu kudla kunempilo kakhulu ezifuyweni. Kwangathi amabhungane aqukethe amaprotheni amaningi, amuncwa kalula ngumzimba wesilwane.
Abantu. Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu sebhungane lakwaMay ngumuntu.
Abantu basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuqeda amasimu abo ngalesi silokazane. Amakhemikhali, izindlela zokupheka zomuntu ziyasetshenziswa. Abantu bazama ukuheha izinyoni, izilwane ezidla amabhungane endaweni yazo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: May beetle
Uhlobo lukaMeyi mabhungane lunabantu abaningi abazinzile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuzala kwezinambuzane, ukusinda kwazo ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene, ukutholakala kwenani elikhulu lokudla okufanelekile. Ukuvela kwalezi bhungane akubanga ukukhathazeka phakathi kososayensi, ingozi yokuqothulwa kwazo incane kakhulu, yize abantu minyaka yonke besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukubhubhisa isilokazane esiyingozi.
IMay beetle iyisilokazane esesabekayo kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwayo. Ngesibungu, sidala umonakalo omkhulu ku-rhizome yezihlahla, izitshalo zezolimo, izihlahla. Lokhu kubangela ukufa okusheshayo kwezitshalo. Lapho usumdala, ibhungane lidla amaqabunga, lidle amagxolo.
Inani labantu baka-May beetle endaweni ngayinye yendawo yalo engokwemvelo liqinisekile. Kunezikhathi lapho inani lalezi zinambuzane lenyuka laya kumanani abucayi. Kulokhu, umuntu kufanele aqothule izinambuzane, ngoba lokhu kwamuva kungadala umonakalo omkhulu ekukhiqizeni. Ibhungane lizala ngejubane elisheshayo. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngamashumi ayisikhombisa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, izibungu eziminzileyo ziyavela emaqandeni. Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala baqala ukudla izimpande zezitshalo, futhi inkanuko yabo ikhula minyaka yonke.
Chafer - ummeleli ogqamile wezinambuzane ze-lamellar. La mabhungane ahlukaniswa ngosayizi wawo omkhulu, umbala ogqamile, ukuzimisela nokuzala okuphezulu. Kwangathi amabhungane asakazeke kuyo yonke iplanethi, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezisenyakatho, ezibandayo. Zivela ngokuqhakaza kokuqala kwezihlahla; zitholakala ngobuningi obukhulu ezingadini zezithelo, emahlathini axubekile nakuma-coniferous. Lesi silwane siyinambuzane eyingozi. Kubanga umonakalo omkhulu esitshalweni minyaka yonke. Ngalesi sizathu, abalimi, abalimi baphoqeleka ukuthi balwe nabantu balezi zinambuzane ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 20.09.2019 ngo-17: 52
