Thulisa i-swan - ummeleli ohlala emndenini wedada. Okukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwe-oda lonke lama-Anseriformes. Kubabazekayo futhi kunomusa, kuyajabulisa futhi kuyancomeka. Ukubukeka okucacile nokumangazayo kudonsela ababukeli abahamba epaki, lapho izinyoni zivame ukubhukuda emachibini noma emachibini.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
ICygnus olor (isiLatin) yathola igama layo emisindweni ethile eyenziwe abesilisa lapho kusondela ingozi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphezu kokuhayiza, izinyoni zingenza imisindo yokububula, ukushaya amakhwela kanye nokuthimula. Ihlukile kwamanye ama-subspecies ayisimungulu ngentamo enhle futhi egobile.
Thulisa swans yizinyoni zase-Eurasia. Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili: ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kanye nango-1930. Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-swans alethwa eVictoria. Lapho babehlala emapaki asedolobheni futhi bebawumhlobiso wabo; manje sebeqashwe ngokucophelela yiziphathimandla.
Ividiyo: Swan Mute
Phambilini, lezi zinyoni zazihlala eJapan. Manje ngezikhathi ezithile zivela endaweni yaseBermuda, eCanada, e-USA, eNew Zealand. Ngo-1984, iDenmark yenza isimungulu saba uphawu lwezwe. Inyoni ilinganiswa nobukhosi, ubukhosi.
ENgilandi, bonke abantu babhekwa njengempahla yenkosi. Kusukela ngekhulu le-15, ngabanini bomhlaba abacebile kuphela abanesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini ababengaba nalezi zinyoni. Ukukhombisa ukuba khona komninikhaya, zonke izinyoni zaziringelwa. E-Abbotsbury Wildlife Sanctuary, ama-swans afuyelwa inyama, eyayiphakwa etafuleni lamakhosi.
ERussia, izitsha eziyizimungulu zazibhekwa njengezinelungelo. Uma kwakungekho swans othosiwe etafuleni, izivakashi endlini yomninindlu zazingahlonishwa kangako. Ngo-1610, uTsar Vladislav waseMoscow wanikezwa ama-swans amathathu anama-giblets noma abhakwa ophaya.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Thulisa Swan White
Izinyoni zihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi, zinkulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo. Bahlukaniswa nezihlobo zabo ngoqhwaku olugqamile oluwolintshi kanye nesiphundu esimnyama phansi kwaso, intamo enkulu, namaphiko aphakanyisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, amatomu emadodeni angakhukhumala abonakale kakhulu.
Ama-paws, iminwe eboshwe ngamehlo namehlo amnyama ezinyonini. Izimpiko zibanzi, ubude bazo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-240. Lapho izinyoni zizwa ingozi, ziziphakamisela ngenhla kwemihlane yazo, zigobise izintamo zazo kanye nekhwelo. Lapho kubhukuda, ama-swans agobisa izintamo zawo ngohlamvu S bese ehlisa uqhwaku lwawo. Ngenxa yemilenze yabo emifushane, abakwazi ukuhamba ngokushesha emhlabathini.
- isisindo sabesifazane ngu-6-8 kg .;
- isisindo sabesilisa singu-10-13 kg .;
- ubude bomzimba - 160-180 cm.
Idada elikhulukazi eliyisimungulu libhaliswe ePoland. Inyoni yayinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-23. Akwaziwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi angasuka yini.
Amachwane asanda kuzalwa ambozwe ngwevu ongcolile phansi, ngomlomo onombala womthofu. Bafana nabazali babo eneminyaka engama-2-3. Kunezimpaphe ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-25 emzimbeni wedada. Izinyoni ezindala zishaya amaphiko azo kakhulu. Lo msindo ungazwakala uze uqhele ngekhilomitha. Izinyawo eziphansi zinezintambo ezibanzi zokusiza ngokubhukuda.
Emsileni omfushane wesimungulu, kunamafutha amboza izimpaphe futhi avimbele i-swan ukuba ingamanzi.
Uhlala kuphi uswan oyisimungulu?
Isithombe: I-bird swan isimungulu
Inyoni le itholakala eendaweni ezikude ze-Central ne-Southern Europe, Asia, Denmark, Sweden, Poland, Primorsky Territory, China. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, kuyaqabukela kakhulu, izidleke ngazimbili ziqhelelene kakhulu, futhi kwezinye izindawo izinyoni azihlali nhlobo.
Ensimini ye-USSR yangaphambili, izimungulu zihlala emgodini wengalo yase-Ural nasemachibini ngamanye nasemachibini aseKazakhstan. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zeYurophu, le nyoni ifuywa. Endle, izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezingavakashelwa ngabantu - amachibi nezizalo zemifula, indawo yayo egcwele uhlaza, amaxhaphozi.
Ngenxa yemizamo yabantu, kunabantu abancane e-Australia, eNyakatho Melika, eNew Zealand nasezwenikazi lase-Afrika. Ama-swans amaningi athanjisiwe noma ahlanganyele ngokuzithandela, njengezinyoni zokuhlobisa emapaki wedolobha.
Izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Kungaba futhi imifula yemifula, imizimba yamanzi amasha, amatheku olwandle. Izidleke zamaSwans ogwini lwaseBaltic, i-Atlantic ne-Asia. Ngemuva kokukhula, inzalo iya olwandle lwaseCaspian naseBlack. Izinyoni zingahlala ezidlekeni zazo, bese abantu bezondla.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, zihlangana zibe amakoloni amancane. Uma elinye lamalungu omhlambi ligula futhi lingakwazi ukundiza, amanye ahlehlisa indiza kuze kube yilapho lowo ogulayo elulama. Ebusika, izimpaphe zezinyoni zihlala zimhlophe, lapho zindiza ziye endaweni efudumele, ziba mnyama.
Idla ini iqhubu eliyisimungulu?
Isithombe: Thulisa i-swan evela e-Red Book
Umbhali: Medvedeva Svetlana (@ msvetlana012018)
Uncamela ukudla okunezimpaphe zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Ukudla kwezingulube ezikhulele endle kuhlukile kokwezinyoni ezifuywayo.
I-swan isimungulu iyadla:
- izimpande;
- izingxenye zezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi;
- ama-rhizomes;
- chara kanye ulwelwesi filamentous.
Uma izitshalo ziqukethe ama-crustaceans amancane nama-molluscs, nazo ziba ukudla kwama-swans. Ngenxa yezintamo zazo ezinde, izinyoni zingacwilisa emanzini ziye ekujuleni kwemitha elilodwa. Njengamadada, bacwilisa ikhanda, intamo nengaphambili lomzimba emanzini, beme bemi emanzini bese befika ezansi ngoqhwaku lwabo. Emhlabathini, ama-swans adla amaqabunga nezinhlamvu.
Lapho kudilika, izingxenye ezincane zezitshalo ziyasuswa, amaphuphu adla kuzo. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, ulwelwe lusetshenziswa kakhulu njengokudla. Ngenxa yesiphepho nokwenyuka kwamanzi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuthola ukudla. Zibe sezilamba futhi zikhathele kuze kube sezingeni lokuthi zingakwazi ukundiza. Kepha, noma kunjalo, abazishiyi izidleke zabo balinde isimo sezulu esihle.
Abantu ngaso sonke isikhathi balwela ukondla izindlebe eziyizimungulu ngesinkwa, kepha lokhu akunakwenzeka nakancane. Isisu sezinyoni asisetshenziselwa ukudla okunjalo. Ngemuva kokudla isinkwa esivuvukile, ama-swans angagula futhi afe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukondla okusanhlamvu kungasindisa izinyoni endlaleni ebusika. Bangadla kuze kufike ku-4 kg wokusanhlamvu ngosuku.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Swan Mute
AmaSwans achitha isikhathi esikhulu sempilo yawo emanzini. Ezindaweni ezingenabantu, bangaya emhlabathini. Ukuchitha ubusuku, izinyoni zihlala emizimbeni yamanzi: ezindaweni zama-rhizomes ahlanganisiwe nasemhlanga. Ziyabekezelela ezinye izinyoni, ngakho-ke zingakha izidleke eduze kwehansi.
Bangakwazi ukuzixazulula zombili kumakholoni futhi ngokwehlukana. Bahlukaniswe yimvelo enokuthula, babonisa ulaka kuphela lapho bevikela indawo. Lapho ingozi isondela, izinyoni zigobisa izintamo zazo, zibhidlize izimpaphe zazo bese zibhukuda zibheke kulowo ezingamazi. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, bashaya kakhulu ngemilomo yabo. Kungenzeka ukuthi ulimale kanzima ngokuba nentshisekelo eyeqile ekubumbeni.
Uma kungekho muntu ohlupha isidleke, ama-swans abambelela lapho ahlala khona kuze kube sekugcineni futhi awushiye kuphela lapho ichibi selifriziwe ngokuphelele. Imvamisa indiza iqala ukuphela kukaSepthemba enyakatho nango-Okthoba eningizimu yebanga. Izinyoni zindiza ubusuku nemini. Impempe yempiko yemhlambi isabalala kakhulu. Zindiza kulayini oblique, zisho ukumemeza okuhoshozelayo.
Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izimungulu zihlala ngazimbili esezakhiwe kakade. Abantu abanesizungu bayabazi abalingani futhi bangene emishadweni yemishado. Kusukela eminyakeni emibili swans molt kabili ngonyaka. Ngesikhathi se-molt egcwele ehlobo, izinyoni ziphelelwa amandla okundiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bavele banakekele amaphuphu futhi abakwazi ukuwashiya lapho bekhathazekile.
Kukhona inganekwane eyaziwayo mayelana nokuthembeka kwe-swan. Ithi uma omunye wabalingani efa, khona-ke omunye akasafuni izithandani. Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Ngempela, izinyoni zihlala nomlingani oyedwa kukho konke ukuphila kwazo. Kepha, uma efa, owesibili ufuna umbhangqwana omusha.
Naphezu kobukhulu obumangalisayo, izimungulu zindiza kahle. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, angahlangana abe amakoloni ezinkulungwane ukugwema ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo. AmaSwans awazi ukuthi angasuka kanjani emhlabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela emanzini futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezimweni zezulu ezimbi, zilala phansi, zifihle imilomo yazo ezimpapheni bese zilinda isimo sezulu esibi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Thulisa amachwane we-swan
Kusukela eminyakeni emine, ama-swans akha imibhangqwana eshadile. Ngenxa yokushushiswa ngabantu, imindeni ingaqhekeka futhi baningi kakhulu abesilisa abangashadile, ngenxa yalokho abazama ukudikibala abesifazane kumabili akhona. Abesilisa bashaya amaphiko abo kabuhlungu, kepha imvamisa umfokazi angaxoshwa.
Izithandani ngokubambisana zikhetha isayithi eliseduzane nedamu elinogu olugcwele. Kubantu abangashadile, inkathi yokukhwelana iqala ngoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziyabhukuda eduze, ezeduna zishaya amaphiko azo futhi zivame ukucwilisa amakhanda emanzini. Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa ubhukuda aze afike kowesifazane bese beziphotha izintamo zabo.
Ngemuva kwezenzo ezinjalo, insikazi icwiliswa emanzini kuze kufike entanyeni bese ziyakhwelana. Ngemuva kwalokho lezi zithandani ziyantanta, zibekelele amabele bese ziqala ukuxubha izimpaphe zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi yakha isidleke kude nezindawo lapho abantu bakhona. Eyesilisa ngalesi sikhathi ivikela insimu nokuhoshela nakancane abantu abangabazi.
Lesi sidleke siqukethe umhlanga wangonyaka odlule nezitshalo zasemanzini. Isidleke emanzini angajulile singaba yimitha ubude nobude obungamasentimitha angama-75. Uma yakhiwe ngama-rhizomes, khona-ke ububanzi bayo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-4, nokuphakama kwemitha elilodwa. Lapho indawo yokuhlala isilungile, insikazi ikhipha umkhuhlane esifubeni bese igcwala ngezansi ngawo.
AmaSwans anikeza inzalo yawo yokuqala angaba neqanda elilodwa kuphela. Njengoba abesifazane bekhula, inani labo lenyuka laya ku-5-8. Ekuqaleni, amaqanda aseluhlaza okotshani, kepha ngesikhathi kuzalwa iphuphu, iba mhlophe ngombala. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-35. Eyesilisa ivikela insimu sonke lesi sikhathi.
Ekuqaleni kwehlobo kuvela amatshwele ampunga, abonayo futhi abhukude nonina kusukela ezalwa. Ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala, izingane zigcwala ngemuva kowesifazane, ebusuku wonke umndeni ulala esidlekeni. Ngezinyanga ezi-5, amaphuphu asuke esezimele. Ekwindla, wonke umndeni undizela ebusika ezindaweni ezifudumele.
Izitha zemvelo zama-swans eziyizimungulu
Isithombe: Thulisa Swan White
Abantu abadala banezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, ngoba banamandla futhi banesibindi ngokwanele sokwethusa izidlozi nabantu. Abesilisa baze babe nesibindi sokuhlasela izikebhe uma bezizwa besongela umndeni kubo. Zishaya ikhwela futhi zigijimela ngolaka ezitheni zazo.
Okwezinkukhu zase-Eurasia, izimpungushe, izinkozi zegolide, i-osprey, kanye nezilwandle kuthathwa njengezitha. Amabhere ansundu noma izimpisi zingabhubhisa isidleke. Noma ungene kumntwana omncane. Abahlali be-tundra kufanele baqaphele izimpungushe ze-Arctic. Kubantu abadala, usongo lungavela kuphela kuzimpisi noma amabhere.
Izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala eNyakatho Melika zisongelwa ngoKlebe, ama-raccoon, ama-lynx, ama-cougars, ama-wolverine, amagwababa, ama-otter, izikhova. Izingane zingazingelwa izimfudu ezinkulu zaseMelika. Izimungulu zase-Australia kufanele ziqaphele i-dingo, okuwukuphela komzingeli wezwekazi.
I-swan isimungulu inenkumbulo enhle kakhulu, esiza ukukhumbula isitha isikhathi eside futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, iziphindiselele kuyo.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, izinyoni zazizingelwa ngonya, izinyoni zazibulawelwa inyama naphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-swans abe uhlobo olungavamile. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngesikhathi sobutha, izimungulu zabhujiswa ngokuphelele endaweni yaseBelarus.
Kanye nezinye izinyoni zasemanzini, izinyoni eziyizimungulu ziyagula futhi zife ngenxa yokungcola kwemifula, izakhiwo, izimboni, ikakhulukazi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hydrocarbon, uwoyela kaphethiloli nokuvuza kukawoyela. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zingahlala emgodini kawoyela noma kaphethiloli, ozoholela ekufeni okubuhlungu. Imigqa yamandla aphezulu kanye nezisindo zokudoba okuhola kuyingozi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngemuva kokubhujiswa okukhulu kwezimungulu endaweni yase-USSR, ukuzingela kwavinjelwa yonke indawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezinyoni lenyuke kancane futhi liyaqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube namuhla. Njengamanje, kunabantu abadala abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-350 eRussia.
Manje ungahlangana nezinyoni emapaki, emadamini okwenziwa, uhambahamba engadini yezitshalo. AmaSwans angumhlobiso omuhle kuwo wonke amachibi. Izinyoni zijwayela kahle impilo ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke azilethi ubunzima kubaninizo.
Ngenxa yobuncane babantu, ukuzingela izinyoni kuvame ukuba yingozi futhi kungabi nzuzo. Ngezinombolo ezincane, abantu ngabanye bangabanjwa besidleke ngesikhathi se-molting. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bangazitapela kalula izinyoni ezikhuluphele ngenxa yendlala noma ezigulayo.
Ngemuva kokuvinjelwa kokuzingelwa kwezimungulu, inani labo emhlabeni jikelele selithole abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-600, ngokusho kokulinganisela kwe-IUCN. Cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-30 zihlala e-UK. Kwamanye amazwe, kuncane izikhathi ezimbalwa. EBelarus ngo-2000, inani lababeyisimungulu lalingamabhangqa ayi-137 kuphela. Ngo-2010, bekunama-244 wabo.Manje ama-800-950 ngazimbili abhaliselwe ukuzala, cishe abantu abayinkulungwane nengxenye babanda ebusika.
E-Great Britain naseDenmark, ama-swans aphathwa ngenhlonipho ekhethekile kanye nesimo esikhethekile. Esimweni sokuqala, izinyoni ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20 ezendlovukazi futhi zigadiwe ngokucophelela. Esikhathini sesibili, izimungulu zamukelwa njengophawu lukazwelonke lombuso.
Thulisa ama-swans aqaphe
Isithombe: Thulisa i-swan evela e-Red Book
Lezi zinhlobo zisengozini futhi zibhalwe kuRed Data Books yaseKazakhstan, Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Sverdlovsk, Penza, Chelyabinsk kanye neRiphabhlikhi yaseBashkortostan. Kuhlelo olusha lweRed Book yaseBelarus, izimungulu ziyakhishwa kukho.
Ngo-1960, kwaphasiswa umthetho owawenqabela ukuzingelwa kwalezi zinyoni. Ngenxa yokuvikelwa nabantu abakhathalelayo abaphakela izinyoni ebusika, inani likhula njalo ngonyaka. Iqhaza elibalulekile lidlalwa ngokuzalanisa ekuthunjweni. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, lokhu kwenza ukuthi idada liphile kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Ukuzalela ukuthuliswa kwezimungulu kuholele ekwenzekeni kwezinyoni ezindaweni ezingafakwanga ebangeni lazo langempela - e-Australia, eNyakatho Melika nakwamanye amazwe. EYurophu, ama-subspecies nawo asindile ngenxa yabantu abafuyiwe abangena endle ngengozi noma ngamabomu.
Ezasekhaya ziholele ekutheni ama-swans awasasabi ukuhlala eduze kwabantu. Manje sezitholakala emachibini nasemachibini ezindaweni zokuhlala. Imisebenzi yokuzingela ngokungemthetho ilawulwa yiziphathimandla. Abanye abadobi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-swans adla futhi adubule amaqanda ezinhlanzi. Noma kwenzeka uphuthelwa, le nyoni ingazi igwinya isibhamu bese ibulawa ubuthi.
Ezimweni ezikahle kuma-swans, izinyoni zihlala ngokuthula futhi azilweli inkululeko. Zijwayela indawo ezikuyo, zihlangane futhi zizalane. Ukuzigcina ekhaya, kwanele ukunikeza izinyoni idamu elihlanzekile nobusika obondlekile.
Thulisa i-swan - umbono oqhoshayo futhi omuhle uvame ukubukisa kumasayithi mayelana nabathandi njengesibonelo sokulandelwa, njengesibonakaliso sokwethembeka nobumsulwa bokomoya. Ukuthandwa kwale nyoni ebabazekayo nenomusa akunakuphikiswa. Izinyoni ezinomfazi oyedwa zinakekela inzalo yazo futhi zivikelwe ngumthetho.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.05.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 07/05/2020 ngo-11: 49
