Sonke sesijwayele iqiniso lokuthi uma kuyinyamazane, kufanele ukuthi ibe nezimpondo ezinamagatsha, ezivame ukuzingelwa ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Kodwa izilwane zingaletha isimanga, futhi abacwaningi bebeqiniseka ngalokhu kudala. Lokhu kungaqondakala ngesibonelo sezinyamazane zamanzi, ezihlukile emndenini wezinyamazane. Ngakho ibizwa ngoba imvamisa ihlala kuphela lapho kunamanzi amaningi khona. ini inyamazane yamanzi uyini umsuka wawo futhi uyini ngempela?
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi
Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyamazane, lolu hlobo lusafundwa kancane.
Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
- akusona isilwane esivame kakhulu ukuhlala esifundeni esithile kuphela;
- lezi zilwane akuzona ezezinhlobo zokuhlangana, ngokuvamile zihlala zodwa noma ngababili;
- zitholakala kuphela ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo lapho kunzima ukufinyelela khona;
- aziziningi kakhulu izilwane ezinjalo ezisele, nazo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekutadisheni kwazo.
Kepha yize imvelaphi yangempela yezinyamazane zamanzi ingaziwa, kungashiwo ngokuzethemba ukuthi indawo yayo yokuhlala kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo iyinsimu ye-East China neKorea. Kukhona ama-subspecies ayi-7 alesi silwane esewonke. AbaseSiberia babhekwa njengabavame kakhulu, kepha inyamazane yamanzi yaseKashmir ayivamile kakhulu.
Ngokubukeka, inyamazane yamanzi ikhumbuza inyamazane ejwayelekile. Ngisho nangosayizi, ayihlali kunoma iyiphi inyamazane enezimpondo. Akunabantu abaningi kakhulu balesi silwane abasele. Akulula kakhulu ukuzibona ezilwaneni zasendle, ngoba imvamisa ziba sebusuku. Futhi ngesikhathi sasemini bakhetha ukuphumula endaweni ethile emahlathini. Yini okuhlukile, kungani ososayensi behlonze izinyamazane zamanzi njengezinhlobo ezihlukile?
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi ezilwane
Yize kuyinyamazane lena, kodwa inezici zayo ezihambisana nalezi zinhlobo kuphela:
- ukungabi nophondo ekhanda;
- ukuba khona kwama-canine amabili amakhulu;
- usayizi omncane.
Inyamazane yamanzi ayinampondo nhlobo. Futhi lokhu kusebenza kubo bobabili abantu abasha nabesilisa abavuthiwe nabesifazane. Kepha unama-canine amabili aphuma ngaphansi komlomo ongaphezulu. Kubantu abadala, zingafinyelela ku-8 cm.Zigobile, okungavimbeli isilwane ekudleni utshani. Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokuzivikela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezahlukahlukene, ezanele emahlathini aminyene.
Kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi unake iqiniso lokuthi ama-canine azalwa kuphela kwabesilisa, abesifazane abanawo. Ososayensi bafundile ukucacisa ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zilwane hhayi nje ngobude be-canines kuphela, kodwa futhi nangezinga lokugoba kwazo. Izinyamazane zamanzi zingazilawula zisebenzisa imisipha yobuso bayo.
Ividiyo: Inyamazane Yamanzi
Lapho inqubo yokondla iqhubeka, bacasha ngokoqobo. Kepha lapho inyamazane ibona ingozi, avele ngokushesha futhi amele isikhali esesabekayo. Ngenxa yalesi sici, isilwane esinjalo sathola elinye igama - inyamazane ye-vampire.
Kunezici eziningana eziyinhloko zemvelo zezinyamazane zamanzi:
- ubude bomzimba bungaba kusuka ku-80 kuye ku-100 cm;
- ukuphakama akweqi ku-50-55 cm;
- isisindo somzimba sincane, imvamisa i-12-15 kg;
- umsila mncane, ungabonakala kuphela uma ubhekisisa.
Ibhantshi linsundu ngokunsundu, kuthi intamo nesisu kukhanye. Ijazi linokhahlo omncane uma uthinta. Usayizi wayo uyashintsha kuye ngesizini. Izinyamazane zamanzi zivame ukukhipha ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ngakho-ke ijazi liyaba mfushane. Futhi ebusika, uma kubanda, umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu futhi obushubile. Ngokuqondene nengubo yangaphansi, cishe ayikho.
Amehlo ezinyamazane zamanzi awamakhulu nje kuphela, kodwa futhi amnyama. Futhi nxazonke kukhona uhlobo lokukhala, okwenza kubukeke nakakhulu. Izindlebe zibonakala zinkulu uma ziqhathaniswa nekhanda. Ngenxa yabo, isilwane sizwa kahle, okwenza sikwazi ukunquma ubungozi ngesikhathi. Imilenze yakhe ayiphakeme nje kuphela, kodwa futhi mncane. Lesi silwane asiphili ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10-12. Futhi ungamtholaphi, iyiphi insimu evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izwe lakubo?
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane yamanzi?
Isithombe: I-Chinese Water Deer
Imvamisa, izinyamazane zamanzi zitholakala eMpumalanga China naseKorea. Uma lokhu kuyiChina, khona-ke kaningi sikhuluma ngezindawo zehlathi ezisenyakatho neYangtze Valley. Kodwa muva nje kube nombiko wokuthi enye yezinhlobo ezincane zezinyamazane zamanzi zitholakale e-Afghanistan. Lolu uhlobo lweKashmir olungajwayelekile. Yize lesi silwane sike sahlala lapha ngaphambili, asikaze sivele kusukela ngo-1948.
Izinyamazane zamanzi azithandi ukushintsha indawo ezihlala kuyo, ngakho-ke singasho ukuthi lezi zilwane azifuduki. Kodwa ngosizo lomuntu, kwavela endaweni yaseFrance nase-Australia hhayi kuphela, kodwa naseGreat Britain. Sinezimpande lapha kahle, yize isimo sezulu sihluke ngokuphelele, asifani naseKorea. Futhi, la ma-artiodactyls avame ukutholakala kuma-zoo. Kepha lokhu akuseyona indawo yemvelo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu inyamazane yamanzi ukuthi indawo lapho ihlala khona iswakeme. Uthanda ukuba osebeni lwemifula namachibi, lapho kukhona khona amahlathi amakhulu. Umhlanga omude yindawo ayithandayo. Kepha kaningi uya ekulimeni nasekuhlwanyeleni amasimu, okudala izinkinga ezinkulu kubalimi.
Zidlani izinyamazane zamanzi?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi
Izinyamazane zamanzi, yize zibukeka zisongela lapho zikhombisa amazinyo ayo amabili, namanje akusona isilwane esidlayo. Udla kuphela ukudla kwezitshalo, okuchichimayo eYangtze River Delta. Kuningi kwakhe lapha nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ubusika kule ndawo abulethi zinkinga zezimila, lesi silwane asizami ukuya ndawo.
Isomiso asinankinga nenyamazane yamanzi. Uma endaweni ethile osebeni lomfula kunokudla okuncane, isilwane singabhukuda ngokuphepha siye kwenye indawo lapho kunezimila eziningi khona. Kuneziqhingi eziningi ezincane ezimbozwe uhlaza eYangtze River Delta. Uma kunesidingo, inyamazane yamanzi ingafika kalula lapha.
Ukudla okumnandi akuthanda kakhulu utshani obumnandi kanye namahlumela amancane ezihlahla. Kepha uma bungekho utshani obanele, bungaya emaqabungeni ezihlahla. Izinyamazane zamanzi zidla ama-sedges nomhlanga ngobuningi. Ezinhlobonhlobo zezitsha, usebenzisa amakhowe ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ngokusobala, umzimba walesi silwane udinga izinto ezithile zokulandela umkhondo, kanye namaprotheni. Ngezikhathi ezithile, yenza ama-forays aye emasimini atshaliwe, lapho kukhula khona irayisi. Idla konke okuhlangana endleleni, hhayi kuphela ukhula oluhlukahlukene, kepha futhi nezinhlamvu. Ngakho-ke lesi silwane senza okuthile kwezolimo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isilwane sezinyamazane zamanzi
Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlangana kuphela isikhathi semvuthwandaba, bese behlukana futhi. Emvelweni kulula kakhulu ukuthi isilwane esinjalo siphile sodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokudla okuningi endaweni yokuhlala. Futhi azikho izidalwa eziningi eziyingozi kakhulu lapha, ngakho ungamelana nazo wedwa.
Kepha uma ingozi isondela, imvamisa inyamazane yamanzi ikhombisa ukuthi kungani ithole igama elinjalo, njengoba ivele icashe echibini. Lezi zilwane zibhukuda kahle kakhulu, ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokushiya ogwini, ziyakwazi ukubhukuda amakhilomitha ambalwa. Ukuza endaweni entsha, inyamazane izama ukumaka ngokushesha indawo yayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akekho omunye umuntu onelungelo lokungena lapha.
Bamaka izindawo ngezindlela eziningana:
- kwabesilisa, izindlala ezikhethekile zingatholakala phakathi kwezinselo. Kukhiqizwa uketshezi lapho, olunephunga elinamandla;
- endaweni entsha, isilwane sizama ukuhamba ngokushesha sizungeze lonke umjikelezo. Ngasikhathi sinye, akukhishwa kuphela uketshezi olunephunga ezinsikeni, kepha izinyamazane zihlwitha utshani ngokushesha;
- uluma amagatsha ezihlahla, bese uwafaka ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezungeze umjikelezo. Isilwane kufanele simanzise amagatsha ngamathe aso.
Konke lokhu inyamazane yamanzi ikwenza ukukhombisa ukuthi lena yinsimu yayo, futhi akekho omunye umuntu onelungelo lokungena lapha. Futhi uma inyamazana ethile yephula umngcele osunguliwe, umnikazi wale ndawo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ngokushesha ubeka isikhali sakhe esesabekayo ngendlela yamazinyo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi ezivela eChina
Izinyamazane zamanzi ziqala ebusika, ngoDisemba. Lokhu kuvumela owesilisa nowesifazane ukuba babumbane isikhathi "somshado". Kodwa ukukhwelana akwenzeki ngesicelo sowesilisa, kodwa ngowesifazane. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi imatrikiyari isabusa lapha. Insikazi yenza imisindo yokuchofoza noma ukushaya ikhwela. Ngalokhu, ukhombisa owesilisa ukuthi manje usekulungele ukukhwelwa.
Kepha usadinga ukulwela owesifazane, udinga ukunqotshwa. Into ukuthi ngokuchofoza kwakhe umane ameme owesilisa. Futhi ukuthi bangaki babo abazofika begijima kule kholi akaziwa. Kumele bangenele umqhudelwano phakathi kwabo, ojika ube yimpi yangempela, ukubulawa kwabantu. Munye kuphela onqobile ongathola umklomelo obaluleke kangako.
Impi ishubile, ngoba owesilisa ngamunye usebenzisa amazinyo, aphenduka abe yimimese ebukhali. Ngamunye wabo uzama ukuklebhula intamo noma isisu somphikisi. Umuntu onqotshiwe uzobe enamanxeba amakhulu wokopha.
Owinile kanye "nomklomelo" bakha ukubhangqa isikhashana, badle ndawonye. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngeke kuvele imvu eyodwa, kepha iningana. Kuze kube manje, akukho datha eqinisekisiwe enembile, kepha kunemininingwane yomlomo evela kubahlali abahlala endaweni yezinyamazane ezinjengokuthi inzalo ingaba ngamathoyizi ama-5-6.
Kuze kube yisonto emva kokuzalwa, aziveli, zicasha ehlathini noma ezihlahleni eziminyene. Kepha imvamisa izinyamazane zizama ukuzala ngaphansi kwesivikelo sezihlahla. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-8, amawundlu asevele ezama ukulandela unina, aqala ukufunda ukungadli ubisi kuphela, kodwa futhi notshani obusha.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zamanzi
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi ezivela eChina
Izinyamazane zamanzi azinazo izitha eziningi zemvelo. Futhi konke ngoba lesi silwane sigijima ngokushesha, sibhukuda kahle futhi siyazi ukuthi singazithola kanjani izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo. Lapho ibona ingozi, izama ngokushesha, uma kukhona idamu eliseduze, ukuphuthuma lapho ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphezulu kwamanzi, lapho izinyamazane zibhukuda, kubonakala izindlebe zaso, ikhala namehlo kuphela. Lokhu kumenza akwazi ukubona ukuthi ingozi ikuphi.
Isitha esiyinhloko salesi silwane ukhozi oluvundlile. Uhlasela hhayi abasha kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu abadala. Akunzima kuye ukubhekana nenyamazane isisindo sayo esingeqi ku-10-13 kg. Isilwane asinandlela yokuzivikela, ngoba ukhozi luhlasela luvela phezulu. Ngakho kufanele abaleke. Kepha izinyamazane azihlali emanzini, zilinde ingozi inyamalale. Ubhukuda noma aqhubekele ezansi echibini, uma kungenzeka, aye lapho angacasha khona.
Sikhuluma ngezihlahlana zezihlahla ezisondela edamini. Ngaphansi komqhele wabo, uzophepha ngokuphelele. Enye ingozi engokwemvelo yezinyamazane zamanzi yisomiso. Kodwa ubhekana kalula nayo, njengoba ezama ukuya kude nemifula namachibi. Uma kunesidingo, angabhukuda aye kwenye indawo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi
Yize inani lezinyamazane zamanzi lizinzile, ikakhulukazi uma sibheka izinhlobo zamaShayina, kusenengozi ethile yokuqothulwa kwalesi silwane. Futhi konke ngoba ezimweni zemvelo ihlala esifundeni esisodwa kuphela.
Inyamazane enjalo ayithandi uhambo olude. Futhi uma ngenxa yesomiso kwakudingeka ukuthuthela kwenye insimu, bese futhi, ngemuva kwenkathi yemvula, izama ukubuyela endaweni yayo yakuqala. Ukuhlangana nezidlakudla noma izimbangi zensimu esendleleni yayo, inyamazane yamanzi ingakhombisa ulaka. Noma, kunalokho, bonisa amakhono amahle kakhulu wokuxhumana.
Lezi zilwane azikwazi ukulwa kuphela, kodwa futhi zikhulume zodwa. Zenza imisindo efana nokukhonkotha. Azikhonkothi nje kuphela ezinye izilwane, kodwa nabantu. Izinyamazane zamanzi zigqama phakathi kwazo zonke izihlobo zazo ngenye into - indlela yokuphila yodwa. Lezi zilwane azikaze zihlangane ngemihlambi, zihlukaniswa ukwesaba kwazo. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, isilwane sisaqondakala kabi.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinyamazane zamanzi
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zamanzi Red Book
Izinyamazane zamanzi zibalwe njengezilwane ezingavamile kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uvikelekile. Akuvunyelwe ukumzingela. Yize lesi silwane singadala umonakalo emasimini ezolimo lapho kutshalwe khona izinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene, asikwazi ukubulawa. Futhi akulula ukwenza lokhu, ngoba akuyona nje kuphela enamahloni, kodwa futhi futhi uqaphele kakhulu.
Emndenini wezinyamazane inyamazane yamanzi ebekwe eceleni. Akagqami ngokubukeka kwakhe kuphela, kodwa nangokuziphatha kwakhe nendlela aphila ngayo. Ngeshwa, kuncane okwaziwayo ngaye. Kwesinye isikhathi imininingwane etholakele kuvela ukuthi iyaphikisana. Kepha kunento eyodwa eyaziwa ngokuqinisekile - lena indawo yokuhlala nemikhuba ethile. Ngenxa yesibalo esincane sabantu abakhona ezilwaneni zasendle, kubhalwe kuRed Book.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-22: 24
