I-Komodo dragon - esinye sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezimangalisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Isibankwa esinamandla, esihamba ngokungajwayelekile esihamba phambili sibizwa nangokuthi udrako waseKomodo. Ukufana kwangaphandle nesidalwa esiyinsumansumane sesibankwa sokuqapha kunikezwa ngumzimba omkhulu, umsila omude nemilenze enamandla egobile.
Intamo eqinile, amahlombe amakhulu, ikhanda elincane linikeza isibankwa ukubukeka njengesishoshovu. Imisipha enamandla imbozwe isikhumba esimahhadlahhadla, esinamaxolo. Umsila omkhulu usebenza njengesikhali nokusekelwa ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokuhlunga ubudlelwane nezimbangi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Komodo dragon
I-Varanus komodoensis isigaba se-reptile se-chordate. Kushiwo ukuhleleka kwescaly. Umndeni nohlobo - qapha izibankwa. Okuwukuphela kohlobo lwalo udrako waseKomodo. Kuchazwe okokuqala ngo-1912. Isigcilikisha esikhulu sokuqapha i-Indonesia simelela inani labantu abaphindaphindayo lezibankwa ezinkulu zokuqapha. Bahlala e-Indonesia nase-Australia ngesikhathi sePliocene. Iminyaka yabo yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-3.8.
Ukuhamba koqweqwe lomhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-15 eyedlule kwadala ukuthutheleka kwe-Australia kwangena eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ukuguqulwa komhlaba kwavumela ama-varanids amakhulu ukuthi abuyele endaweni yeziqhingi zase-Indonesia. Lo mbono wafakazelwa ukutholakala kwezinsalela ezifana namathambo ka-V. Komodoensis. Isibankwa iKomodo Monitor lizard ngempela sivela e-Australia, kanti isibankwa esikhulu kunazo zonke esingasekho, iMegalania, yisihlobo saso esiseduzane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesigcilikisha sesimanje seKomodo kuqalwe e-Asia ngohlobo lwe-Varanus. Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-40 eyedlule, izibankwa ezinkulu zathuthela e-Australia, lapho zakhula zaba isibankwa sePleistocene Monitor - iMegalania. Ubungako obumangalisayo be-megalania butholakale endaweni yokudla engancintisani.
E-Eurasia, kutholakele izinsalela zezinhlobo zezibankwa ezingasekho ze-Pliocene, ezilingana ngosayizi wamadragoni aseKomodo anamuhla, i-Varanus sivalensis. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi izibankwa ezinkulu zenze kahle ngisho ezimeni lapho kunomncintiswano omkhulu wokudla kwabadla inyama.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Komodo dragon animal
Isibankwa sokuqapha i-Indonesia sifana ne-ankylosaurus engasekho esakhiweni somzimba nasemathanjeni. Umzimba omude, omfushane, weluleke wafana nomhlabathi. Ukujika okuqinile kwezidladla akuniki isibankwa ukugijima okuhle, kodwa futhi akusenzi sehlise ijubane. Izintwala zingagijima, zihambe, zigxume, zikhuphuke izihlahla futhi zime ngisho nangemilenze yazo yangemuva.
Izibungulu zeKomodo ziyakwazi ukusheshisa zifike kuma-40 km ngehora. Kwesinye isikhathi bancintisana ngejubane nezinyamazane nezinyamazane. Kunamavidiyo amaningi kunethiwekhi lapho umcwaningi wokuzingela elandelela khona futhi ethola izilwane ezincelisayo ezingabonakali.
Udrako waseKomodo unemibala eyinkimbinkimbi. Ithoni enkulu yezikali insundu ngamabhulethi e-polysyllabic kanye nokushintshwa kusuka kwimpunga kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kumbala obomvu ophuzi. Ngombala, unganquma ukuthi yiliphi iqembu lesibankwa elikubudala. Kubantu abasha, umbala uyakhanya, kubantu abadala upholile.
Ividiyo: Udrako kaKomodo
Ikhanda, elincane uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, lifana nesiphambano esiphakathi kwekhanda lengwenya nofudu. Kunamehlo amancane ekhanda. Ulimi oluyimfoloko luwela emlonyeni obanzi. Izindlebe zifihlwe emaphethweni esikhumba.
Intamo ende, enamandla idlula esifubeni bese iphela ngomsila oqinile. Indoda endala ingafinyelela kumamitha ama-3, abesifazane -2.5. Isisindo kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-190 kg. Insikazi ilula - 70 kuya ku-120 kg. Ukuqapha izibankwa zihamba ngemilenze emine. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokucaciswa kobudlelwano bokutholwa kwabesifazane nensimu, bayakwazi ukuma ngemilenze yabo yangemuva. Umtholampilo ophakathi kwabesilisa ababili ungahlala imizuzu engama-30.
Ukuqapha izibankwa kungama-hermits. Zihlala zodwa futhi ziyahlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Isikhathi sokuphila semvelo kuze kube yiminyaka engama-50. Ukuthomba kudrako laseKomodo kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7-9. Abesifazane abayilungisi noma bayinakekele inzalo. Isimo sabo somama sanele ukuvikela amaqanda abekiwe amasonto ayi-8. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, umama uqala ukuzingela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
Uhlala kuphi udrako waseKomodo?
Isithombe: Udrako omkhulu weKomodo
Udrako waseKomodo unokusatshalaliswa okukodwa engxenyeni eyodwa kuphela yomhlaba, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo. Indawo yale ndawo incane futhi ilingana namakhilomitha-skwele angamakhulu amaningana.
Izidlakela ezindala zeKomodo zihlala ikakhulukazi ehlathini lemvula. Zithanda izindawo ezivulekile, eziyizicaba ezinotshani obude nezihlahlana, kepha ziyatholakala nakwezinye izindawo ezifana namabhishi, iziqongo zemigqa, kanye nemifula eyomile. Amadragons amancane aseKomodo ahlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi aze abe nezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili ubudala.
Lolu hlobo lutholakala kuphela eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia eziqhingini ezihlakazekile zeziqhingi zase-Lesser Sunda Islands. Izibankwa eziqapha abantu abaningi kakhulu yiKomodo, iFlores, iGili Motang, iRincha nePadar kanye nezinye iziqhingi ezimbalwa eziseduze. Abantu baseYurophu babona i-pangolin yokuqala enkulu esiqhingini saseKomodo. Abathola udrako waseKomodo bashaqeka ngosayizi wabo futhi bakholelwa ukuthi isidalwa siyandiza. Ukuzwa izindaba ngamadragoni aphilayo, abazingeli kanye nabahloli bamazwe baphuthuma esiqhingini.
Iqembu labantu elihlomile lafika esiqhingini futhi lakwazi ukuthola isibankwa esisodwa sokuqapha. Kuvele ukuthi kwakuyisilonda esikhulu esingaphezu kwamamitha amabili ubude. Abantu ababanjiwe abalandelayo bafinyelela kumamitha amathathu noma ngaphezulu. Imiphumela yocwaningo yashicilelwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Bakuphikisile ukuqagela kokuthi isilwane singandiza noma siphefumule umlilo. Isibankwa sabizwa nge-Varanus komodoensis. Kodwa-ke, elinye igama linamathele ngemuva kwalo - udrako waseKomodo.
Udrako waseKomodo usephenduke into ethile yenganekwane ephilayo. Emashumini eminyaka selokhu kwatholakala iKomodo, imikhankaso eyahlukahlukene yesayensi evela emazweni amaningi yenze ucwaningo lwama-dragons esiQhingini saseKomodo. Izibankwa ezaziqapha azizange zihlale ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngabazingeli, abathi kancane kancane banciphisa inani labantu laba sezingeni eliphansi kakhulu.
Udlani udrako waseKomodo?
Isithombe: Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zedrako iKomodo
Ama-dragons aseKomodo ayizilwane ezidla inyama. Kukholakala ukuthi babedla kakhulu izidumbu. Eqinisweni, bavame futhi ngokuzingela ngokuzingela. Baqamekela izilwane ezinkulu. Ukulinda isisulu kuthatha isikhathi eside. IKomodos ilandelela inyamazane yazo ibanga elide. Kunezimo lapho amadragoni aseKomodo adubula phansi izingulube ezinkulu nezinyamazane ngemisila yazo. Ukuzwa okuhle kwephunga kukuvumela ukuthi uthole ukudla ebangeni lamakhilomitha ambalwa.
Ukuqapha izibankwa zidla inyamazane yazo, zidwengula izingcezu ezinkulu zenyama bese ziyigwinya ziphelele, ngenkathi zibambe isidumbu ngezidladla zangaphambili. Imihlathi ekhululwe ngokukhululekile nezisu ezandayo ziyazivumela ukuba zigwinye isilwane sonke. Ngemuva kokugaya, udrako waseKomodo ukhipha izinsalela zamathambo, izimpondo, izinwele namazinyo ezisisulu esiswini. Ngemuva kokuhlanza isisu, izibankwa eziqaphile zihlanza isifonyo otshanini, ezihlahleni noma enhlabathini.
Ukudla kukadrako weKomodo kuhlukahlukene futhi kufaka phakathi izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, ezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kufaka phakathi abantu bezizwe ezincane. Ukuqapha izibankwa zidla izinyoni, amaqanda azo, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Phakathi kwezisulu zabo kubalwa izinkawu, izingulube zasendle, izimbuzi. Izilwane ezinkulu ezifana nezinyamazane, amahhashi nezinyathi nazo ziyadliwa. Izibankwa ezisencane zokuqapha zidla izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinyoni nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukudla kwabo kufaka ama-geckos nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Kwesinye isikhathi qapha izibankwa zihlasela futhi zilume abantu. Kukhona amacala lapho bedla izidumbu zabantu, bemba imizimba kusuka emathuneni amancane. Lo mkhuba wokugqekeza amathuna waholela izakhamizi zaseKomodo ukuthi zisuse amathuna enhlabathini eyishlabathi ziyibeke ematsheni zibeke amatshe kuzo ukuvimba izibankwa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Animal Komodo dragon
Yize ikhula kakhulu futhi inesisindo esikhulu somzimba, iKomodo egada isibankwa isilwane esiyimfihlo kakhulu. Kugwema ukuhlangana nabantu. Ekuthunjweni, akanamathele kubantu futhi ukhombisa ukuzimela.
I-Komodo Monitor lizard isilwane esizimele. Ayihlanganisi ngamaqembu. Iyigade ngentshiseko indawo yayo. Ayifundisi noma ivikele inzalo yayo. Ngethuba lokuqala, ukulungele ukuzitika ngewundlu. Ikhetha izindawo ezishisayo nezomile. Imvamisa ihlala emathafeni avulekile, amathafa kanye namahlathi ashisayo ezindaweni eziphansi.
Okusebenza kakhulu emini, yize kukhombisa umsebenzi othile wasebusuku. Izidlakela zaseKomodo zinesizungu, zihlangana nje ndawonye ukuhlangana nokudla. Bayakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha nangobuciko ukukhuphuka kwezihlahla ebusheni babo. Ukubamba inyamazane engafinyeleleki, i-Komodo Monitor lizard ingama ngezinyawo zayo zangemuva futhi isebenzise umsila wayo njengesisekelo. Isebenzisa uzipho njengesikhali.
Ukuze ukhosele, umba imigodi u-1 kuya ku-3 m ububanzi usebenzisa imilenze nezinzipho ezinamandla zangaphambili. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu nomkhuba wokulala emigodini, iyakwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba ebusuku futhi inciphise ukulahleka kwayo. Uyazi ukuthi ungazifihla kanjani kahle. Isiguli. Iyakwazi ukuchitha amahora ngokuqamekela ilinde inyamazane yayo.
Udrako waseKomodo uzingela emini, kepha uhlala emthunzini ngesikhathi esishisayo sosuku. Lezi zindawo zokuphumula, ezivame ukuba semikhawulweni enomoya opholile wasolwandle, zimakwa ngobhoko futhi kususwe uhlaza. Zisebenza futhi njengezindawo zokuqamekela zezinyamazane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Komodo dragon
IKomodo iqapha izibankwa azenzi ngazimbili, azihlali ngamaqembu noma zakhe imiphakathi. Bakhetha indlela yokuphila ehlukaniswe ngokweqile. Bayiqapha ngokucophelela insimu yabo kwizizukulwane. Ezinye zezinhlobo zazo zithathwa njengezitha.
Ukukhwelana kulolu hlobo lwezibankwa kwenzeka ehlobo. Kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti, abesilisa balwela abesifazane nendawo. Izimpi ezinzima ngezinye izikhathi ziphela ngokufa komunye wabaphikisi. Umphikisi okhonjwe phansi uthathwa njengonqotshiwe. Impi yenzeka emilenzeni yayo yangemuva.
Ngesikhathi sempi, ukuqapha izibankwa kungakhipha isisu bese kuzikhulula ukukhanyisa umzimba nokwenza ngcono ukuhamba. Izintwala ziphinde zisebenzise le ndlela lapho zibalekela ingozi. Ophumeleleyo uqala ukushela owesifazane. Abesifazane bakulungele ukubeka amaqanda ngoSepthemba. Kodwa-ke, ukuze bathole inzalo, abesifazane abadingi ukuba nabesilisa.
Ama-Komodo aqapha izibankwa ane-parthenogenesis. Abesifazane bangabeka amaqanda angenamvundiso ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa. Zikhula kuphela amawundlu angamaduna. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi le yindlela amakoloni amasha avela ngayo eziqhingini phambilini ezazingenabaqaphi. Ngemuva kwama-tsunami neziphepho, izinsikazi, eziphonswa amagagasi eziqhingini eziwugwadule, ziqala ukubekela amaqanda ngokungabikho ngokuphelele kwamadoda.
Owesifazane uKomodo oqapha isibankwa bakhetha izihlahla, isihlabathi kanye nemigede yokubeka. Zifihla izidleke zazo ezilwaneni ezizingelayo ezikulungele ukuzitika ngamaqanda wesibankwa esiqaphile, kanye nezibankwa ngokwazo. Isikhathi sokufukamela sokubeka izinyanga eziyi-7-8. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezisencane zichitha isikhathi esiningi ezihlahleni, lapho zivikeleke kakhulu kwizilwane ezizingelayo, kuhlanganisa nezilonda ezindala.
Izitha zemvelo zeKomodo ziqapha izibankwa
Isithombe: Udrako omkhulu weKomodo
Emvelweni wayo wemvelo, isibankwa sokuqapha asinazitha nezimbangi. Ubude nesisindo sesibankwa kwenza singabi namandla okuhlasela. Isitha kuphela nesingenakulinganiswa sesibankwa sokuqapha singaba esinye nje isibankwa sokuqapha.
Ukuqapha izibankwa kungamazimuzimu. Njengoba ukubonwa kwempilo yesirhubuluzi kukhombisile, u-10% wokudla kwesigcilikisha seKomodo yisiqalo saso. Ukuze uzitike ngohlobo lwayo uqobo, isibankwa esikhulu asidingi sizathu sokubulala. Ukulwa phakathi kwezibankwa zokuqapha akuvamile. Zingaqala ngenxa yezimangalo zendawo, ngenxa yowesifazane, futhi ngenxa yokuthi isibankwa sokuqapha asikutholi okunye ukudla. Konke ukucaciseleka ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo kugcina kumdlalo wegazi.
Njengomthetho, izibankwa ezindala ezinolwazi zihlasela ezincane nezingenamandla. Kwenzeka into efanayo nangezibankwa ezisanda kuzalwa. Izibankwa ezincane zokuqapha zingaba ukudla komama bazo. Kodwa-ke, imvelo yanakekela ukuvikelwa kwesibankwa esiqapha ingane. Iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokuphila, intsha iqapha izibankwa ezichitha ezihlahleni, zicashe kozakwabo abanamandla nabanamandla ngokubukeka.
Ngaphezu kwesibankwa uqobo, sisongelwa izitha ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu: izinhlekelele zemvelo nabantu. Ukuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kubathinta kakhulu abantu baseKomodo abaqapha isibankwa. Inhlekelele yemvelo ingaqothula inani labantu esiqhingini esincane ngamahora ambalwa.
Cishe ikhulu leminyaka, umuntu uliqedile udrako ngokungenasihawu. Abantu abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba bathutheleka beyozingela lesi silwane esihuquzelayo esikhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani lezilwane lilethwe laba sezingeni elibucayi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Komodo iqapha isibankwa emvelweni
Imininingwane ngosayizi wabantu nokusatshalaliswa kweVaranus komodoensis kuze kube muva nje kunqunyelwe emibikweni yakuqala noma kuhlolo olwenziwe kuphela engxenyeni yezinhlobo zezinhlobo. Udrako iKomodo wuhlobo olusengozini. Kubhalwe encwadini ebomvu. Lezi zinhlobo zisengozini yokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho nokuzingelwa kwezokuvakasha. Intshisekelo yezentengiselwano ngezikhumba zezilwane ibeke lolu hlobo engcupheni yokuqothulwa.
IWorld Animal Fund ilinganisela ukuthi zingu-6 000 izibankwa zodrako zasendle zasendle. Abantu bangaphansi kokuvikelwa nokuqondiswa. Sekwakhiwe ipaki kazwelonke yokulondoloza lezi zinhlobo eziQhingini zaseSunda Esincane. Abasebenza epaki bangasho ngokunembile ukuthi zingaki izibankwa okwamanje eziqhingini ngasinye kweziyi-26.
Amakholoni amakhulu ahlala ku:
- IKomodo -1700;
- I-Rinche -1300;
- Gili Motange-1000;
- Ama-Flores - 2000.
Kepha akubona abantu kuphela abathinta isimo sezinhlobo. Indawo yokuhlala ngokwayo iyingozi enkulu. Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, ukuzamazama komhlaba, imililo kwenza indawo yakhona yesintu ukuba ingahlali. Ngo-2013, isibalo sabantu basendle sasilinganiselwa kubantu abangu-3,222, ngo-2014 - 3,092, 2015 - 3,014.
Izinyathelo eziningi ezithathiwe ukwandisa inani labantu lenyuse inani lezinhlobo zezilwane cishe amahlandla ama-2, kepha ngokusho kochwepheshe, leli nani lincane kakhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwezibankwa zaseKomodo
Isithombe: I-Komodo dragon Red Book
Abantu bathathe izinyathelo eziningi zokuvikela nokuthuthukisa lolu hlobo. Ukuzingela udrako waseKomodo akuvunyelwe ngumthetho. Ezinye iziqhingi zivaliwe emphakathini. Izindawo ezivikelwe kubavakashi zihleliwe, lapho izibankwa zaseKomodo zingahlala futhi zizalele endaweni yazo yemvelo nasesimweni sezulu.
Ebona ukubaluleka kwamadragoni nesimo sabantu njengezilwane ezisengozini, uhulumeni wase-Indonesia wakhipha umthetho wokuvikela izibankwa esiQhingini saseKomodo ngo-1915. Iziphathimandla zase-Indonesia zithathe isinqumo sokuvala lesi siqhingi ukuze zivakashelwe.
Lesi siqhingi siyingxenye yepaki kazwelonke. Izinyathelo zokuzihlukanisa zizosiza ukukhulisa inani labantu bezinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, isinqumo sokugcina sokuqedwa kokufinyelela kwabavakashi eKomodo kumele senziwe ngumbusi wesifundazwe i-East Nusa Tengara.
Iziphathimandla azisho ukuthi iKomodo izovalwa kuze kube nini izivakashi nezivakashi. Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, iziphetho zizodonswa ngokusebenza kwesilinganiso kanye nesidingo sokuqhubeka nokuhlolwa. Okwamanje, izibankwa ezihlukile zokuqapha zikhulele ekuthunjweni.
Izazi zezilwane zifunde ukusindisa iminyango kadrako waseKomodo. Amaqanda abekwa endle ayaqoqwa afakwe kuma-incubator. Ukuvuthwa nokukhuliswa kwenzeka emapulazini amancane, lapho izimo zisondele kakhulu kwezemvelo. Abantu asebenamandla futhi bakwazi ukuzivikela babuyiselwa endaweni yabo yemvelo. Njengamanje, izibankwa ezinkulu ziye zavela ngaphandle kwe-Indonesia. Zitholakala kuma-zoo angaphezu kwama-30 emhlabeni jikelele.
Usongo lokulahlekelwa esinye sezilwane ezihluke kakhulu nezingavamile lukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba uhulumeni wase-Indonesia ukulungele ukuya ezinyathelweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuvala izingxenye zeziqhingi zeziqhingi kunganciphisa ukubhekana nodrako waseKomodo, kepha ukuzihlukanisa kuncane. Ukuze ulondoloze umhlaseli oyinhloko wase-Indonesia kubantu, kubalulekile ukuvikela indawo yayo yokuhlala, ukuyeka ukuyizingela nokuthola ukwesekwa kwabahlali bendawo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 20.04.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 19.09.2019 ngo-22: 08
