Impisi yesicabucabu Ungumgijimi emhlabeni we-arachnid. Akaluki iwebhu, kepha kunalokho uxosha futhi ahlasele isisulu sakhe njengempisi. Uma usibonile lesi sigcawu eduze kwekhaya lakho, umhlangano kungenzeka ubungeke ukhumbuleke. Abanye abantu babathola bebahle futhi behlukile, kanti abanye bayathuthumela lapho bebabona.
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zingaphanjaniswa nama-tarantula ngoba anomzimba ojiyile nonoboya. Yize zibukeka zisongela, ziyizinto eziphilayo eziwusizo nezingenabungozi. Ukudla kwabo kunezinambuzane eziningi ezingangena emakhaya abantu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Impisi yesicabucabu
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf noma izicabucabu zomhlaba noma izicabucabu ezingabazingeli zingamalungu omndeni wakwaLycosidae, igama livela egameni lasendulo lesiGreki "λ« κο, "elisho" impisi ". Leli yiqembu elikhulu futhi elisabalele.
Izicabucabu zempisi zathola igama lazo ukuhlonipha umkhuba wempisi wokushaya inyamazane ngomhlambi wonke. Ekuqaleni kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane nazo zihlasela emhlambini. Le mbono manje seyaziwa njengeyiphutha.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ezifakiwe ku-116 genera. Cishe izinhlobo eziyi-125 zitholakala eNyakatho Melika, cishe ezingama-50 eYurophu. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala ngisho nasenyakatho ye-Arctic Circle.
Izicabucabu bezilokhu ziguquka iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-380. Izicabucabu zokuqala zavela kokhokho be-crustacean. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-45,000 ezikhona manje sezichaziwe. Izinga lokwehlukahlukana kwezinsalela ezinkulu zemvelo likhulu kunokwehlukahluka kwamanje kwe-arachnid okungasikisela. Izigaba ezinkulu zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zifaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwama-spinnerets nama-spider webs.
Ividiyo: Impisi yesicabucabu
Phakathi kwama-arthropods asendulo asemhlabeni kukhona ama-trigonotarbitas, abamele ukuvela okungasekho kwama-arachnids. zinezici eziningi ezicishe zifane nezesicabucabu, kufaka phakathi impilo yasemhlabeni, ukuphefumula nokuhamba ngemilenze eyisishiyagalombili ngamaphali wezinyawo ezisondelene nomlomo. Kodwa-ke, akwaziwa ukuthi babenekhono lokwenza iwebhu. Ama-trigonotarbides akuzona izicabucabu zangempela. Iningi lezinhlobo zazo azinayo inzalo ephilayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isilwane se-Spider wolf
Izicabucabu eziningi zempisi zincane ngosayizi ophakathi nendawo. Umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke cishe u-2.5 cm ubude nemilenze icishe ilingane. Banamehlo ayisishiyagalombili ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. Umugqa ongezansi unamehlo amane amancane, umugqa ophakathi unamehlo amabili amakhulu, futhi umugqa ongaphezulu unamehlo amabili aphakathi nendawo. Ngokungafani namanye ama-arachnids, anamehlo amahle kakhulu. Izinwele zemvelo emilenzeni nasemzimbeni zinikeza umuzwa ojulile wokuthinta.
Ukukhanya kwesibani sokukhanya kubheke esicabucwini sempisi kuveza ukukhanya okumangazayo okubangelwe wukukhanya okuvela emehlweni kuye emuva emthonjeni wawo, ngaleyo ndlela kwakheke "ukukhanya" okulula ukukubona.
Ngenxa yokuthi izicabucabu zithembele ekusithekeni ukuze zivikeleke ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, imibala yazo ayinazo izakhi ezikhanyayo nezinselele zezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu. Imibala yangaphandle ihambelana nendawo oyikhonzile yohlobo oluthile. Izicabucabu eziningi zempisi zinombala onsundu onsundu. Umzimba onoboya bude futhi ubanzi, unemilenze emide eqinile. Ziyaziwa ngejubane lokuhamba. Zingabonakala kalula ngenombolo nendawo yamehlo. Imihlathi igqamile futhi inamandla.
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zinesakhiwo sokuqala:
- i-cephalothorax yenza umsebenzi wokubuka, ukumunca ukudla, ukuphefumula futhi inesibopho sohlelo lwemoto;
- isisu siqukethe izitho zangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuphila sincike kubukhulu bezinhlobo. Izinhlobo ezincane zihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha, izinhlobo ezinkulu - iminyaka emibili, kwesinye isikhathi ubude. Izinsikazi ezivundisiwe noma izicabucabu ezizelwe zisinda ebusika.
IHogna iyinhlobo yesicabucabu esikhulu kunazo zonke, enezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 ezitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Izinhlobo eziningi ezincane zezicabucabu zempisi zihlala emadlelweni nasemasimini futhi zidla inyamazane encane, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawulweni kwemvelo yabantu okugcina izinambuzane zisondele kakhulu kwizicabucabu zempisi.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu sempisi?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sempisi esinobuthi
Izicabucabu zeWolf ziyakwazi ukuhlala noma kuphi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eziqongweni zezintaba ezibandayo, ezinamadwala, kanti ezinye zihlala emhubheni wentaba-mlilo. Zitholakala ezingwadule, emahlathini emvula, ezimfundeni nasotshanini basedolobheni. Olunye uhlobo luye lwatholakala nasezitshalweni zikakolweni, zondla izinambuzane ezifana nama-aphid.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu zempisi zihlala emigodini engaphansi komhlaba, kuyilapho eziningi zazo zitholakala endaweni yemvelo eluhlaza. Zivame ukutholakala zifihliwe ezindaweni ezisegcekeni ezinikeza indawo yokuhlala nokuvikelwa kwezicabucabu, kufaka phakathi:
- emaqabungeni naseduze kwezitshalo noma izihlahlana;
- otshanini obude noma obukhulu;
- ngaphansi kwezinqwaba ezinde nezinqwaba zezinkuni.
Ngokungafani namagama abo anemilenze emine, izicabucabu zempisi azizingeli ngamaphakethe. Bazizungu "izimpisi" ezingafuni ukuhlangana nabantu. Izicabucabu zohlobo lwePirata zivame ukutholakala eduze kwamachibi noma imifudlana futhi zinophawu olumbala olungu-V ngemuva. Ebushelelezi bamanzi, zigijima ngaphandle kokucwiliswa futhi zizingela izinambuzane ebusweni bamanzi. Izicabucabu ezigobayo (Geolycosa) zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emigodini futhi zinemilenze esindayo yangaphambili esetshenziselwa ukumba.
Uma kukhona phakathi kwabo abangaphakathi kwendlu, kungenzeka ukuthi bazogwema amazinga okushisa angaphandle kakhulu noma ngoba bejaha esinye isinambuzane ngaphakathi. Izicabucabu zeWolf zizama ukuzulazula zizungeze amakamelo ezingeni eliphansi. Lokhu bakwenza ngokukhasa ezindongeni noma ngaphansi kwefenisha.
Isicabucabu sempisi sidlani?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sendoda yesilisa
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf azeluki izintambo zokubamba inyamazane yazo, zingabazingeli bangempela futhi zithole ukudla okungaba khona ngokubukeka noma ngokunyakaza ngezinwele zazo ezizwelayo. Zivamise ukuqamekela futhi zihlasele ngesinyenyela inyamazane yazo noma zihlele ukuyisukela ngokoqobo.
Imenyu yabo ingahluka phakathi kwezinambuzane ezinjenge:
- amakhilikithi;
- izintethe;
- amabhungane;
- izintuthwane;
- ezinye izicabucabu;
- i-aphid;
- izimpukane;
- ama-cicadas;
- amabhu;
- amacimbi;
- amaphela;
- omiyane.
Ezinye izicabucabu ezizingelayo zihlasela inyamazane uma ziyithola, noma zijahe amabanga amafushane ngemuva kwayo. Abanye balinda ukuthi inyamazane idlule noma ihlale eduze komgodi. Lapho nje izicabucabu zempisi zibamba inyamazane yazo, ziyayigaya ibe yibhola noma zifake ubuthi kuyo, ziphendulela izitho zangaphakathi zomuntu ompofu zibe yi-smoothie. Zidla izisulu zazo, zizicindezele phansi noma enye indawo ngezidladla zazo. Isicabucabu singakhubaza izisulu ezinkulu ngokujova into enobuthi.
Izitho zesicabucabu zinama-48 bend emadolo, okungukuthi, umlenze ngamunye unamalunga ayi-6. Isicabucabu sempisi sizojova ushevu uma sicasulwa njalo. Izimpawu zokulunywa kwakhe zibandakanya ukuvuvukala, ubuhlungu obumnene nokunwaya.
Esikhathini esedlule, ukulunywa kwe-necrotic kwakuvame ukubangelwa ezinye izinhlobo zezimpisi zaseNingizimu Melika, kepha ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi izinkinga ezenzekile zibangelwe ukulunywa komunye umkhakha. Amalungu e-Australia ale nhlobo nawo ahlotshaniswa namanxeba we-necrotic, kepha ukuhlolwa okusondele kokulunywa nakho kukhombisile imiphumela emibi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Spider wolf female
Izicabucabu nezimpisi zihlala zodwa. Iningi lezinhlobo lichitha isikhathi emhlabathini. Imibala emnyama, enemibala yemizimba yabo isiza ukuxubana nezimila ezibolayo lapho zizingela noma zicasha ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Kwesinye isikhathi bemba imigodi noma benze izimbobo ngaphansi kwamatshe kanye nezingodo zokuhlala kuzo.
Amanye ama-Lycosidae, anjengo-H. carolinensis, enza imigodi ejulile lapho acasha khona isikhathi esiningi. Abanye, njengoH. Helluo, bacasha ngaphansi kwamatshe nakwezinye izindawo zokucasha ezinikezwa yimvelo. Njengoba zizulazula zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye, zingagcina sezisemakhaya abantu lapho isimo sezulu sibanda. Abesilisa cishe bazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane kwesinye isikhathi bangatholakala ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo njengoba bezulazula befuna abesifazane ekwindla.
Esikhundleni segazi, izicabucabu zine-hemolymph, equkethe ithusi. Uma usendaweni evulekile, iba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imithambo + imithambo yegazi ayikho ngokuphelele, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezitho kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-hemolymph.
Izinhlobo eziningi zakha izidleke eziyizigaxa emhlabathini ngombhede wobulembu. Abanye bafihla indawo yokungena ngodoti, abanye bakha isakhiwo esifana nombhoshongo ngaphezu komnyango. Ebusuku bashiya indawo yabo yokucasha bese beyozingela. Isicabucabu sizama ukuthola indawo entofontofo ukuze kudlule isinambuzane. Kusuka ebangeni lamasentimitha amaningana, isicabucabu sempisi sigxumela phambili sibambe inyamazane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Impisi yesicabucabu
Uma kufika isikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa baheha abesifazane ngokushaya ngesigqi imilomo yabo emide (izindlebe) noma bazishaye emaqabungeni. Owesilisa usondela kowesifazane ukuze ahlangane nemilenze emibili yangaphambili ephakanyisiwe. Ukuzimisela ukukhwelana mhlawumbe kukhonjiswa yiphunga, eselivele lizwakala ebangeni lemitha elilodwa.
Abesilisa bohlobo lwe-Allocosa brasiliensis bangadla insikazi enamandla okuzala noma insikazi endala engakwazi ukuzala. Leli qiniso lezinto eziphilayo laqoshwa okokuqala ngqa.
Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa wenza ukunyakaza okuyindilinga ngokuya ngephethini emilenzeni (i-pedipalps), lapho kutholakala khona amaphakethe wembewu. Insikazi ekhwelayo iphendula ngokuthepha ngemilenze yayo yangaphambilini futhi ithathe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ibhekise kowesilisa, abese eqala ukuqoma. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka baze bacishe bathinte. Ezinhlotsheni zasebusuku, amasiginali we-acoustic adlala indima ebalulekile; ezinhlotsheni zasemini, amasiginali we-optical.
Iduna likhasa ngaphambili kowesifazane futhi ligobele kolunye uhlangothi lwesisu ukuze lingene ku-palpus wokuqala. Owesifazane uqondisa isisu sakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho kufakwa i-palpus yesibili kusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zihlukile ngoba ziphatha amaqanda azo ngomfece. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ijikisa isikhwama sewebhu esiyisicabucabu esinamaqanda, isinamathisele kuzipinishi ezisekugcineni kwesisu, bese ithwala izingane ezingakazalwa nayo.
Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu lunomzwelo womama oqinile ngokweqile. Uma insikazi ngandlela thile ilahle ukhukhunathi wayo amawundlu, iba nokuthula kakhulu, iqale ukuzulazula ngokungenanjongo, izama ukuyithola. Uma yehluleka ukuthola isikhwama, insikazi inamathela kunoma iyiphi into efana nayo. Lezi kungaba izingcezu ezincane zoboya bekotini, imicu kakotini, njll. Ngakho-ke, uzama ukudala inkohliso yokuthwala izingane.
Isisu kufanele sibe sesikhundleni esiphakeme ukuze isikhwama singadonsi phansi. Kepha noma kulesi sikhundla, abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzingela. Esinye isici esivame kakhulu kwizicabucabu zempisi yindlela yabo yokunakekela amaphuphu amancane. Masinyane ngemuva kokuthi izicabucabu ziphume esembozweni esithambile sokuzivikela, zikhuphukela emilenzeni kanina ngemuva.
Amakhulu ezicabucabu ezincane zempisi zinamathele ezinweleni zikanina futhi zihlale phezu kwakhe ngezendlalelo eziningana, zidla i-epidermis. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama uyazulazula ukuthola izimo ezingcono kakhulu ze-microclimatic kanye nendawo yokuhlala enhle yezingane zakhe. Ukuze angabi sengozini, uyenqaba ukuzingela cishe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Umama uthwala izicabucabu amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba zibe zinkulu ngokwanele ukuba zikwazi ukuzondla.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu sempisi
Isithombe: Impisi yesicabucabu sezilwane
Kunezilwane eziningi ezidla laphaya ezingathanda ukuzitika ngesicabucabu sempisi, kepha la ma-arachnids anezindlela eziningi zokuzivikela ukuze angaweli ezinsweni zokudla. Izinhlobo zezimpisi zesicabucabu ezizulazulayo zisebenzisa ubuhlakani bazo nokushesha kwazo, kanye nombala oyingqayizivele ohlangana nendawo ezikuyo.
Izilwane okufanele ziqaphele zihlanganisa:
- iminyovu. Abasidli isicabucabu, kodwa basikhubaze okwesikhashana ngokuluma ngaphambi kokufaka iqanda ngaphakathi. Njengoba izibungu zivuthwa, lezi zinto eziphilayo ezisencane zidla ingaphakathi lesicabucabu. Eminye iminyovu idonsela isicabucabu esidlekeni sayo isicindezele ngokuphelele, ivikele izibungu. Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka iqanda ngaphakathi bese zivumela isicabucabu sempisi ukuba sigijime ngokukhululeka;
- izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini nezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane. Ama-Amphibians nawo ajabulela ukudla okumnandi okunikezwa isicabucabu sempisi. Izidalwa ezinjengamaxoxo nama-salamanders zaziwa ngokudla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesicabucabu. Izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ngokuvamile zidla noma yisiphi isidalwa esincane ngokwanele ukuba zigwinye siphelele. Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezincane njengezinyoka nezibankwa nazo zidla izicabucabu zempisi, yize izinhlobo ezinkudlwana zingaseqa lesi spider ngokuthanda ukudla okukhudlwana;
- ama-shrews nama-coyotes. Yize izicabucabu zempisi zingama-arachnids, zisondele ngokwanele ezinambuzaneni ezijwayele ukuba yizisulu zemikhondo. Lezi zidalwa ezincane zidinga ukudla njalo ukuze zigcine amandla azo. AmaCoyotes nawo ngezikhathi ezithile adla izicabucabu zempisi;
- izinyoni. Ngenkathi ezinye izinyoni zithanda imbewu nohlaza, ezinye izinyoni zivame ukujabulela inyamazane ephilayo. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, kufaka phakathi izikhova nama-elf hummingbirds, yizilwane ezidla isicabucabu sempisi. Lawa ma-arachnid awasebenzisi ama-cobwebs, ngakho-ke kufanele aye kozingela afune ifolishi, okwenza kube sengozini yokuhlaselwa ngenhla.
Uma isicabucabu sempisi siphoqeleka ukuba silwe, sizoluma abaphikisana naso ngemihlathi yaso emikhulu. Uma ebhekene nokufa, uzimisele ukudela ngisho nomlenze ukuze asinde kuleso simo, yize ukulahlekelwa ngumlenze kubenza bahambe kancane futhi babe sengozini yokuhlaselwa ngokuzayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Impisi yesicabucabu inobuthi
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zezicabucabu zempisi zinabantu abaningi abazinzile. Bahlala ngobuningi emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, ezinye, njengesicabucabu se-wolf yasogwadule esivela ePortugal kanye nesicabucabu somhume u-Adelocosa anops waseKauai eziqhingini zaseHawaii zisengozini. Ukufana kwesicabucabu sempisi nesilwane esidla ezinye esiyingozi, isicabucabu se-karakurt, kuholele ekutheni abantu baqale ukucekela phansi lezi zinhlobo ngokushesha nje lapho bezibona ngaphakathi kwendlu yabo ngisho nalapho ziseduze kwendlu yabo.
Ukubamba le arachnid kufanele kusondele ngokuqapha, ngoba kungahle kube yisicabucabu futhi amakhulu ezicabucabu angabalekela umama ochotshoziwe azungeze indlu.
Ukulunywa kwesicabucabu sempisi kungaba buhlungu, kepha akunabungozi nakubantu abadala abaphilile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuthi buphansi ku-neurotoxicity, ngakho-ke abenzi monakalo omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, abantu abazwelayo njengezingane, asebekhulile, kanye nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka bangase babe nokusabela okuthile okungafanele. Ngakho-ke, uma izingane noma abantu asebekhulile behlala endlini, kunezinyathelo eziningana ongazithatha ukuvimbela ukungena kwesicabucabu sempisi:
- sula izitshalo ezungeze umngcele wendlu;
- susa imfucumfucu yegceke efana nezihlahla eziwile, amadwala nezinqwaba zamapulangwe;
- vala noma yikuphi ukuqhekeka noma izimbobo phansi kwendlu nxazonke zamafasitela nezicabha;
- ukunciphisa ukukhanya kwangaphandle, ngoba ukukhanya kuheha izinambuzane izicabucabu ezithanda ukuzidla;
- uma isicabucabu sempisi singene endlini, sebenzisa i-sealant ukuyichitha.
Yize ebukeka esongela, isicabucabu impisi akulona usongo oluthile kubantu. Yize zishesha futhi zinolaka, zizingela inyamazane yazo, azilumi abantu ngaphandle kokuthi zicasulwe. Uma uhlangabezana nesicabucabu sempisi, umfutho waso wokuqala ukuhlehla. Kodwa-ke, uma sixoshwa noma sibhajwe, isicabucabu sizozizwa sisongelwa futhi sinamathuba amaningi okuthi sishaywe esivikelweni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/16/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 19.09.2019 ngo-21: 30
