Ithusi legolide - isinambuzane se-arthropod esivela ku-coleoptera. Ibhungane elihle elikhulu elinensimbi ekhanyayo ekhanyayo evela kuhlobo lweBronze. Igama lesiLatini elithi Cetonia aurata nencazelo yesinambuzane senziwa nguLinnaeus ngo-1758.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ithusi legolide
Ibhungane elivela emndenini omncane waseBronzovka lingele-lamellar beetle. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka ama-subspecies ayisikhombisa anemibala ehlukene, ukuma komzimba, ubukhulu, futhi anezindawo ezihlukene zokuhlala. Ngaphakathi kwe-subspecies ngayinye, kunezinketho eziningi ezinemibala yombala, nezindawo zokushicilelwa komzimba. ICetonia egameni laleli bhungane lisho okusansimbi, kanti igama elithi aurata lisho igolide.
Emhlabeni wethusi, kunezinhlobo ezifika ku-2 700, zihlukahlukene kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika, ibhungane lethusi elisindayo emhlabeni, i-goliath, isihlobo esikude sezinhlobo zegolide. Ubude bufinyelela ku-10 cm, futhi bunesisindo esingu-80-100 g.
La mabhungane amakhulu aluhlaza okotshani ngokusagolide andiza ngokuduma okukhulu, bese eshayisa isithiyo, awe ngomsindo emhlane wawo. Baqala baqambe amanga, bazenze abafileyo, bese kuthi, ngobunzima, bajike.
Izinambuzane ezindala ziyizinambuzane. Badla ama-inflorescence. Izibungu, ezicubungula izinto eziphilayo ezifile, zandisa ukuzala kwenhlabathi. Banikela ngezinzuzo ezifanayo nezikelemu zomhlaba.
Uma ithusi lithukile, lingakwazi "ukudubula libuye" ngoketshezi olunukayo olungathandeki.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhungane lethusi legolide
Into yokuqala ebamba iso lakho umbala ogqamile oluhlaza okotshani nge-metallic sheen. Eqinisweni, ibhungane limnyama, futhi isakhiwo se-integument sinesibopho sokubonakala okuhle kangako, okukhanyisa ukukhanya okuyindilinga. Yingakho umbala ubonakala ushintsha kakhulu uma ubhekwa ezinhlangothini ezahlukene. Ngokuyinhloko iyinsimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okotshani enombala wegolide, ingafakwa ngethusi nxazonke, kepha ama-subspecies ahlukene anazo zonke izinhlobo zeziphazamiso.
Izinombolo zebhungane ezinzima ziqukethe izingqimba eziningana ze-thinnest. Ukukhanya kukhonjiswa kaninginingi kusuka kungqimba ngalunye futhi kuphakanyiswe phezulu, okwenza umdlalo we-iridescent we-shades.
Usayizi webhungane usuka ku-1 kuye ku-2.3 cm.Umzimba ubanzi - cishe u-0.8-1.2 cm, ubumbeke ngemuva, unciphise kancane ubheke ngasesinqeni. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba imbozwe izinwele, kepha kukhona futhi nabantu abanqunu. Isifunda se-occipital sekhanda sigcwele amachashazi nezimpondo ezimnyama. Lonke ikhanda linamachashazi amakhulu futhi liyajiya. Kunonqenqema olumise okwe-keel maphakathi nendawo. Ikhanda lonke limbozwe izinwele ezimhlophe.
Ividiyo: Ithusi legolide
Iphuzu elibanzi kunazo zonke yi-pronotum, lisondele ekhanda, futhi limbozwe ngamapayipi. Amaphethelo ayindilinga ezinhlangothini. I-scutellum, ephakathi kwe-elytra eqinile ne-pronotum, inomumo wonxantathu we-isosceles onesiqongo esibucayi - lokhu kuyisici esivelele saleli bhungane. Isihlangu simbozwe ngamachashazi. I-elytra inamachashazi anemigqa ye-arcuate nemivimbo emincane emhlophe.
Imilenze yamabhungane nayo inamachashazi, imibimbi, imivimbo. I-fore tibia inamazinyo amathathu. Imicu yeminye imilenze nayo inezinyo elilodwa. Emilenzeni yangemuva, i-tibiae ubude obulinganayo ne-tarsi, futhi kweminye imilenze, i-tarsi yinde kune-tibia.
I-Bronzovki ngesikhathi sendiza ayiphusheli i-elytra enzima. Zine-notch ezinhlangothini, okusikiwe lapho amabhungane esakaza khona amaphiko awo olwelwesi lapho endiza.
Ihlala kuphi ithusi legolide?
Isithombe: Izinambuzane zethusi legolide
Le coleoptera inendawo enkulu yokuhlala.
Ibhungane litholakala eYurophu nase-Asia:
- kusukela eningizimu yeScandinavia kuya ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezinhlonhlo zaseMedithera neziqhingi;
- e-Asia Minor nase-Western Asia, e-Iran (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziwugwadule);
- ema-republic ase-Asia Ephakathi asenyakatho yeTajikistan;
- eningizimu, le ndawo inemingcele engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandle i-Aral, osebeni loMfula iSyr-Darya ifinyelela emfuleni i-Osh neGulcha;
- ithumba isifundazwe saseChina iSnjiang;
- eMongolia ufinyelela emfuleni. Kharagol.
Ensimini ye-Russian Federation, inyakatho yebanga iqondana neKorelsky Isthmus, bese idlula ePerm Territory, eYekaterinburg, ithathe enyakatho yeSifunda sase-Omsk, bese idabula iWestern Siberia iye ogwini olusenyakatho lweLake Baikal. Ugu olusentshonalanga lweLake Baikal ngumngcele osempumalanga wokusatshalaliswa kwethusi legolide, kodwa futhi kuyatholakala esifundeni sase-Amur. Eningizimu ifinyelela eCaucasus.
Leli bhungane lihlala emahlathini nasemathafeni. Endaweni ye-steppe, ithanda izindawo ze-fescue-feathergrass, ngoba kukhona izihlahlana lapho, ezidingekayo kumjikelezo wempilo ojwayelekile weColeoptera. Lapho kungekho hlathi noma isihlahlana, lolu hlobo alutholakali. Ezintabeni, i-arthropod nayo ingahlala ezigodini nasemathafeni emifula, lapho kunendawo enomswakama kakhulu futhi kunezihlahlana nezihlahla. Ngisho nasezifundeni ezinesomiso esincane ungathola ithusi, kodwa kuphela ogwadule noma izikhukhula zemifula. Isibonelo isikhukhula saseTerek sogwadule lweCaspian.
Isinambuzane sithanda indawo enelanga, ekhanyisiwe: emaphethelweni ehlathi, ukususwa, imingcele yehlathi kanye nedlelo, ukususwa nezindawo ezishile ngokweqile. Iphunga elimnandi kuphela lompe noluncamu lwezihlahla lungadonsela izinambuzane emahlathini asehlathini.
Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, uthanda ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezifudumele zezindawo eziphansi. Eningizimu, kunalokho, ithusi livame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yeChibi i-Issyk-Kul, itholakala ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1,6, ezintabeni zeTien Shan lenyukela ku-2.3,000 m, eTranscaucasus, esifundeni saseSevan - izinkulungwane ezimbili zamamitha, eCiscaucasia kuze kufike ku-1 , Izinkulungwane eziyisithupha m.
Idlani i-Golden Bronze?
Isithombe: Ithusi legolide
Isinambuzane esidala singabonakala kaningi ezimbalini zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Bathanda ikakhulukazi ama-rose futhi bavuka okhalweni.
Kwezinye izilimi zaseYurophu leli bhungane libizwa ngokuthi lipinki ngenxa yokuthanda le mibala.
Kepha abaphuzi nje umpe wezimbali, badla nenhliziyo namacembe entekenteke, obhasikidi bezimbewu zezitshalo zezambulela, iklabishi. Amahlamvu amancane ezitshalo nawo awadelelwa, futhi lapho ijusi igeleza ivela esihlahleni, ama-bronzes angahlela idili. Izinambuzane azondli kuphela ezimbali zezitshalo, kepha zingadla nezithelo namajikijolo. Ukudla kwamabhungane kuqukethe okuningi kwezitshalo ezitshaliwe nezasendle.
Kusuka ezitshalweni ezilinywe ngezithelo, yilezi: i-blackberry, i-apula, eliphakathi kwe-apricot, iplamu, i-cherry, i-cherry emnandi, i-dogwood, i-viburnum, i-mountain ash. Kusuka kwimifino, kungalimaza: iklabishi, isithombo, imidumba. Izinhlamvu nazo ziyahlupheka: ummbila, i-rye, i-buckwheat. Abasebenza ngezimbali nabo bayona ngethusi ngoba kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile kungabhubhisa ingadi yezimbali: irises, peonies, roses, lilacs, lupins nabanye.
Kusuka ezitshalweni zasendle, izinambuzane zinokukhetha okucebile kokudla, kunezinhlobo zonke ze-rosaceous, i-cornelian, i-mallow, i-legumes, i-buckwheat, i-umbelliferae, i-beech, i-aster, i-ashberry, i-iris, i-clove neminye imindeni eminingi yezitshalo. Izibungu zondla imfucumfucu yezitshalo ezibolayo, zingatholakala kudoti wamaqabunga, izinkuni ezibolile, umquba.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ithusi legolide
Umjikelezo wempilo yowesifazane wethusi unyaka owodwa, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho yiminyaka emibili. Entwasahlobo, amabhungane ayahlangana. Uma i-oviposition ivela ekuqaleni, i-pupation yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Amabhungane ekwindla awaphumi, ahlala ebusika lapho kuzalwa khona isiphungumangathi, kodwa abanye abantu, uma isimo sezulu sibalele futhi somile, baphuma endaweni yabo yokukhosela.
Amabhungane anjalo acasha ezindaweni eziyimfihlo ebusika, kanti entwasahlobo angabokuqala ukundiza aphume aqale ukuphila impilo esebenzayo ngaphambi kokuthi iningi lalezi zinkumbi liqale iminyaka yazo. Iziphungumangathi ezavela ekubekeni amaqanda ngosuku lwakamuva zihlala ebusika esiwombeni sesithathu, futhi ngemuva kokuchithwa ngaphezulu, i-pupate entwasahlobo. Ngenxa yomjikelezo wokuphila oxubile, izinambuzane zingatholakala ngasikhathi sinye emvelweni ngezigaba ezihlukene zokukhula.
Izibungu ze-Bronzovka zivame ukudideka nesibungu seMay beetle, esilimaza izitshalo ngokudla ama-rhizomes. Umbala womzimba wazo zombili izinambuzane uyefana, kodwa imilenze yesibungu sebhungane yinde kakhulu, ikhanda likhulu futhi imihlathi, edinga ukudonsa izicubu eziphilayo zezitshalo, inkulu.
Izinambuzane ziyasebenza emini lapho ilanga libalele. Esimweni sezulu esiguqubele nesinamafu, ayazela, imvamisa iqhwa linganyakazi ezitshalweni. Ukusuka emakhazeni, zicasha ezindlini zokukhosela nangaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ibhungane legolide lethusi
Ukuthola amabhungane, basebenzisa ingubo yabo ekhanyayo, ama-enzyme e-pheromone kanye neziqu ezisezimpondweni. Zenziwe njengeklabhu eyenziwe ngamapuleti amaningana futhi zingavuleka njengefeni. Izimpondo ezinjalo zizwela kakhulu futhi zisiza abesilisa ekufuneni abalingani babo. Ngemuva kokuphela kobudlelwano bomshado, indlela yokuphila yowesilisa iyaphela.
Abesifazane babeka amaqanda ngeziqu ezibolile, izihlahla eziwile, i-humus, umquba, ezintuthwaneni, emva kwalokho ziyafa. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, izibungu ziphuma emaqandeni amhlophe-aphuzi futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukondla imfucumfucu yezitshalo eziphilayo, amaqabunga abolile, izinkuni ezibolayo nezimpande zezitshalo ezifile. Ngenqubo yokuvuthwa, isibungu sihamba ngezigaba ezintathu ngokusebenzisa ama-molts amabili.
Ukuma kwesibungu kubunjwe ngo-C. Umzimba ojiyile uncishisiwe ubheke ekhanda, unombala okhilimu, ubude bawo bungu-4-6 cm.Inhloko icishe ibe ngu-3 mm, kunamazinyo amane emihlathini ebanzi futhi emifushane. Kunamazinyo emihlathini engezansi; ifakwe i-palp ngaphandle. Imihlathi inamandla impela. Izinambuzane ziluma imfucumfucu ebolile bese ziyigaya ngemihlathi yazo, zisize ekuvuseleleni umquba.
Izimpondo zifushane futhi ziwugqinsi futhi zinezigaba ezine. Isiphetho sendunu sinemigqa emibili yezinsipho ezibukhali. Umzimba umbozwe ama-bristles. Imilenze imifushane ngama-appendages afana nezipho. Kunzima ukuhambisa ngosizo lwabo.
Isibungu sethusi sethusi segolide ngokukhulu ukushesha, okunyikinyikayo, sihamba emhlane waso.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwe-instar yesithathu, izidleke zesibungu lapho zondla khona. Umfecevu wesiphungumangathi uwoyela futhi ufana nebhungane. Isibungu sidala isikhukhukazi saso emhlabathini, sibola ukhuni, indle yaso, sikunamathele kanye noketshezi lwemfihlo. Kugqama kusukela endunu yesisu. Isibungu sisebenzisa imilenze yaso emincane ukwakha umfece. Ngemuva kwengxenye yenyanga, kuphuma umuntu omdala kulesiphungumangathi.
Izitha zemvelo zamabronze egolide
Isithombe: Izinambuzane zethusi legolide
Izibungu ze-Bronzovka zivame ukuhlala esidlekeni. Izimbila, izimpungushe nezinye izilwane zasendle ebusika zidabula izinqwaba zezintuthwane ukuthola imidlwane lapho - izibungu zethusi.
Izinyoni zivame ukuzingelwa izinambuzane ezindala, phakathi kwazo:
- i-shrike emnyama ngaphambili;
- jay;
- umagpie;
- rook;
- i-jackdaw;
- roller;
- i-oriole.
Ezilwaneni, amacimbi angadliwa yizimvukuzane, abamele umndeni we-weasel: ama-ferrets, ama-martens, ama-weasel. AbakwaBronzes bangaya esidlweni sama-hedgehogs, izibankwa noma amaxoxo.
Izinambuzane - ama-scolias - ziyingozi kakhulu kulezi zinambuzane ze-lamellar. Insikazi yale hymenoptera igxuma ukuluma kwayo kwisibungu sethusi, kodwa hhayi nje kanjalo, kepha endaweni ekhethekile - isikhungo sezinzwa esiswini, esibhekele ukuhamba kwesinambuzane. Isisulu se-scolia sisaphila kodwa sikhubazekile. Ngakho-ke ayiwohlakali isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Lo mnyovu odlayo ubeka iqanda esiswini sesibungu. Isibungu esichanyuselwe kuso asidli isisulu saso ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, kusetshenziswa izitho ezingabalulekile kangako, kancane kancane zifinyelela ohlelweni lwezinzwa nokujikeleza kwegazi, ekugcineni nazo ziyazidla.
Izitha zebhungane zethusi zingabandakanya nomuntu ovikela ngazo zonke izindlela amasimu akhe ngesandla, futhi ngosizo lwekhemistri ubhubhisa amabhungane uqobo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye izibungu, zivame ukubadida nezinye izibungu ezifanayo zebhungane laseMay.
Iqiniso lokuthi ama-bronzes awadingi ukukhulisa amaphiko ngenkathi indiza iwavumela ukuthi asheshe asuke ezitshalweni, agweme ukuhlangana nesitha.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ithusi legolide
Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane luvame kakhulu emhlabeni futhi alusengozini, kodwa lungafa ngenxa yokulwa nezinye izinambuzane ngosizo lwezinambuzane. Ukulimala okudalwe yimixhantela kwezolimo akulutho, ngoba izihlahla zezithelo eziningi kanye nezitshalo zamajikijolo kuyaphela lapho amaqabunga ethusi esesanda kuphela.
Imibhede yezimbali iyathinteka ngezinga elikhulu. Abanye abantu asebevele basebusika esigabeni sabantu abadala baphuma ngokushesha futhi bangalimaza kancane izimbali, amahlumela amasha, kanye namahlumela okutshala. Abantu abadala bangalimaza isivuno sama-mulberries, amagilebhisi, ama-cherries, ama-cherries amnandi, ama-raspberries.
Lesi sinambuzane sisakazeke kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi sitholakala cishe yonke indawo e-Asia, ngaphandle kwezindawo eziwugwadule. Lezi zinhlobo azivamile, yize ngokusho kokubona okuthile, ezindaweni ezinemboni ethuthukile, kungahle kube nokwephula isilinganiso sobulili bezinambuzane (kukhona abesilisa abacishe babe kathathu), futhi ubukhulu bazo bungaba buncane uma kuqhathaniswa nobabantu abasezinhlelweni zemvelo ezihlanzekile.
Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esihleithusi legolide kuvame ukuqothulwa ngabalimi, yize kungenzi umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni. Ukubukwa okuthakazelisayo kungenziwa ngempilo yalesi sinambuzane nezingane ngokubeka ibhungane esitsheni esikhulu sengilazi noma e-aquarium. Izimbali, izithelo nejusi elimnandi kunganikezwa njengokudla.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-13: 29
