Uphawu lweCaspian ngenye indlela ibizwa ngokuthi uphawu lweCaspian. Ngaphandle, empeleni zifana nezimpawu. Zinomzimba ohlanjululwe, unenhloko encane, eyindilinga nomzimba we-fusiform. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, isilwane esihle kakhulu, esintofontofo sasibhekwa ngososayensi bezilwane ukuthi singabomndeni opinishiwe.
Namuhla, laba bameleli bomhlaba wezilwane babhekwa njengezilwane ezisengcupheni yokuqothulwa. Isimo sinzima ukuthi eRussia Federation lolu hlobo lwezilwane alubhalwanga kuRed Book futhi kunikezwa inani lezimpawu zokuzingela.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: uphawu lweCaspian
Uphawu lweCaspian lungolwezilwane ezincelisayo ze-chord, lumele i-oda lezilwane ezidla inyama, umndeni wezimpawu zamanzi zangempela, ezinikezwe uhlobo lwophawu nezinhlobo zezimpawu zeCaspian. Izinhlobo ziphinde zahlukaniswa zaba ama-subspecies amabili. Ukubalwa kwezinga kwenzeka ngokuya echibini lapho izilwane zihlala khona. Izinhlobo ezimbili zihlala emanzini olwandle, eyodwa emanzini amasha.
Izimpawu zibhekwa njengesilwane esidala kunazo zonke eMhlabeni. Akukho lwazi oluthembekile ngemvelaphi yabo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izazi zezilwane sezisungule ukuthi okhokho babo basendulo babekhona eMhlabeni esikhathini esiphakeme. Kodwa-ke, zazinokubukeka okuhluke kancane. Babenemilenze, okwathi lapho kuguqulwa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaguqulwa kwaguqulwa kwaba ngamaphiko.
Ividiyo: uphawu lweCaspian
Ngokunokwenzeka, bangokhokho bezimpawu zaseningizimu, noma izimvu zamanzi, ezazihlala esigodini saseSarmast-Pantenichesky, esinye sezidumbu ezisalile okuyiCaspian Sea. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi ukhokho wasendulo lapho kwavela khona uphawu lweCaspian yilolu phawu olubekiwe. Yayikhona emhlabeni cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili edlule. Ngemuva kwalokho, yathuthela eCaspian naseBaikal, futhi yaveza izinhlobo ezimbili zezimpawu, olunye lwazo uphawu lweCaspian.
Izinsalela zezilwane abacwaningi abakwazile ukuzithola azitholakali ogwini kuphela, kodwa nasendaweni yamadwala namagquma, kanye nasezinguzini ezinkulu zeqhwa ezintantayo, ezitholakala ngobuningi oLwandle iCaspian. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika kweqhwa elincane, izinsalela zokhokho basendulo bezimpawu zamanje zeCaspian zatholakala ogwini lwaseVolga, kanye nasezifundeni eziseningizimu zoLwandle iCaspian.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Uphawu lwe-Animal Caspian
Ukuma komzimba wesilwane esidlayo kubukeka kakhulu njengokuphotha. Umzimba onjalo ukuvumela ukuthi uhambe kalula futhi ngokushesha ezindaweni zamanzi. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala buhluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-130 kuye kwayi-170, isisindo somzimba singama-40-120 kilograms. Kulezi zilwane ezincelisayo, i-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa kancane. Abesilisa bakhudlwana ngandlela thize, umbala woboya babo umnyama, isifonyo sincane kakhulu.
Izimpawu azinayo intamo, noma ayivezwanga kahle. Umzimba ucishe ngokushesha uphenduke ikhanda elincane elinokhakhayi oluyisicaba kanye nekhala elihlangene. Kubonwa ngaphambili, ubuso besilwane bufana kakhulu nekati, ngaphandle kokungabikho kwezindlebe. Izimpawu zabo zithathelwa indawo yimisele yokuzwa, etholakala ngaphezulu kwekhanda. Ngaphandle, azibonakali ndawo.
Izimpawu zaseCaspian zinamehlo amakhulu kakhulu, amnyama, ayindilinga, azwakalayo. Amehlo amnyama, amakhulu avelele ikakhulukazi emawundlu amancane. Emzimbeni omncane, ombozwe ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kubonakala sengathi makhulu nje. Izingane zifana nezikhova. Amehlo anesakhiwo esikhethekile, ngenxa yokuthi amehlo ambozwe ngefilimu evikelayo lapho uphawu lusemanzini. Amehlo avame ukuba manzi endaweni evulekile, ngakho-ke isilwane kubukeka sengathi siyakhala.
Izimpawu zaseCaspian, ungqimba lwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba luthuthukisiwe. Lokhu kuvumela izimvu zamanzi ukuba zikhuthazelele isimo sezulu esibuhlungu esibandayo, ukuntuleka kokudla, futhi futhi zizizwe zikhululekile emanzini aneqhwa. Ivumela izilwane ukuba zigcobe ebusweni bolwandle.
Isikhumba seCaspian seal sihlala isikhathi eside. Isikhumba simbozwe ngezinwele eziminyene, ezihhadlile futhi eziwugqinsi kakhulu, ezisiza ukuthi ungazizwa ubanda futhi uqandisa emanzini abandayo. Ijazi labantu abadala linombala omhlophe ongcolile, okuthi endaweni engemuva kube mnyama, kucishe kube luhlaza okomnqumo.
Izitho zenzelwe ukusiza ukuhamba emanzini. Kukhona ulwelwesi phakathi kwezinzwani. Izinyawo zangaphambili zinamazipho aqinile, amade. Zenzelwe ukwenza umgodi eqhweni. Ngale ndlela, izilwane ziyaphuma emanzini ziye emhlabathini, noma zithathe umoya.
Uhlala kuphi uphawu lweCaspian?
Isithombe: Uphawu loLwandle iCaspian
Izilwane zathola amagama azo endaweni yazo. Bahlala kuphela endaweni yoLwandle iCaspian kusuka e-Iran uqobo kuya oLwandle iCaspian. Ugu oluseningizimu loLwandle iCaspian cishe alunabantu abaningi.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Uphawu lweCaspian ukuphela kwesilwane esincelisayo esihlala oLwandle iCaspian.
Izimpawu zaseCaspian zifudukela kwezinye izindawo njalo ngesizini. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yasebusika, zonke izilwane ziya eziqhweni zesifunda esisenyakatho soLwandle iCaspian. Ngokuphela kobusika nokuqala kwenkathi efudumele, izinguzunga zeqhwa kancane kancane ziyancipha futhi zincibilike.
Bese izilwane ukuthuthela endaweni ogwini maphakathi naseningizimu yoLwandle iCaspian. Kukhona inani elanele lokunikezwa kokudla lapha, elikuvumela ukuthi uqoqe inani elanele lamafutha angaphansi, azokusiza usinde ebusika obunzima, kwesinye isikhathi obulambile.
Ngenkathi efudumele, uphawu lweCaspian luvame ukuphela emlonyeni weVolga nase-Urals. Imvamisa izilwane zingabonakala zihamba ngokukhululeka ezindaweni ezihlukene, ezinkulu zeqhwa. Abaphenyi baqaphele ukuthi ebusika, izilwane zisemanzini isikhathi esiningi, kanti ngenkathi efudumele, kunalokho, zihlala kakhulu emhlabathini.
Udla ini uphawu lweCaspian?
Isithombe: I-Caspian seal Red Book
Uphawu lweCaspian luyisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama. Uphawu luthola ukudla kwalo emanzini.
Yini engasebenza njengesisekelo sokwakhiwa kophawu lweCaspian:
- AmaGobies;
- Isifutho;
- Imfene;
- U-sandy shirokolobka;
- I-herring;
- I-Bocoplavas;
- Aterina.
Ukuphathwa okuthandayo kwalezi zilwane yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-gobies. Kwesinye isikhathi zingadla izinhlanzi noma ama-invertebrate amancane asolwandle ngamanani amakhulu. Imfucumfucu nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-crustaceans azenzi ngaphezu kwe-1-2% yokudla okuphelele kwezilwane. Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi yizimpawu zaseCaspian ezazibhubhisa inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi ezimhlophe ngokuzidla. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwavela kamuva, le nhlanzi ingabanjwa ngengozi njengokudla kwezimpawu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: uphawu lweCaspian
Izilwane ezincelisayo zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emanzini. Izimpawu zaseCaspian zibhekwa njengababhukudi abahle kakhulu. Umzimba omise okokuphotha nekhanda elincane elinciphisiwe kumsiza ukuthi acwilise kahle futhi ahlale ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi esingangehora nengxenye. Ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa ngaphansi kwamanzi, amakhala kanye nemisele yokuzwa iyavalwa, futhi isilwane singaphefumula sibonga umthamo omkhulu wamaphaphu nokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo osekunqwabelene kuwo. Imvamisa izilwane zize zilale ebusweni bolwandle ngaphandle kokuya ogwini.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Uphawu lweCaspian lunobuthongo obujulile, obunokuthula. Abaphenyi babevame ukuchaza into ethi, lapho bebhukuda befika esilwaneni esilele emanzini, basibhekise phansi, futhi izimpawu zaqhubeka zilala ngokuthula, zingasabeli kubantu.
Lapho kuqala ubusika, izilwane ezincelisayo zingena emanzini zihlale lapho cishe kuze kube sentwasahlobo, ngezikhathi ezithile ziphumele emhlabathini ukuze zithole umoya. Izilwane zinezindawo ezithile lapho zithanda ukuba semhlabeni - okuthiwa ama-rookeries. Kungenxa yama-rookeries abo lapho izilwane ziza nokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Izilwane zihlukaniswa ngokuzwa okuhle kakhulu nomuzwa wokuhogela, kanye nokubona okuhle. Babonakala ngokungazethembi nokuziphatha okuqaphe kakhulu. Izilwane ziqaphe kakhulu ngesikhathi sezisemhlabeni. Sebebonile noma besola ingozi, bavele bathule buthule emanzini.
Ngaphandle, izilwane ezincelisayo zibonakala ziyizilwane ezingamampunge, ezixakile. Noma kunjalo, leli iphutha elikhulu. Banomdlandla kakhulu, banobuhlakani, futhi abacishe bakhathale. Uma kunesidingo, zingaba nesivinini esikhulu emanzini - kufika ku-30 km / h. Ngemodi ethulile, babhukuda kancane kakhulu. Emhlabeni, ahamba esebenzisa izingalo zangaphambili nomsila.
Izimpawu zivame ukuhola indlela yokuphila yedwa, eyedwa. Zihlelwe ngemihlambi kuphela ngesikhathi somshado. Kepha nakulesi sikhathi, bazama ukuziqhelelanisa futhi baziqhelelanise.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: uphawu lweCaspian
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka lapho izilwane zifinyelela eminyakeni engama-6-7 ubudala, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwabesilisa kwenzeka kamuva kunabesifazane. Abesifazane abadala bakhiqiza inzalo minyaka yonke, noma njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu. I-10-11% yabesifazane abavuthiwe ngokocansi abazali inzalo ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokukhwelana.
Isikhathi sokumataniswa kwezimpawu zamanzi siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho izilwane ziphuma emanzini zingena emhlabathini. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinyanga eziyi-10-11. Abesifazane bazala amawundlu abo ngenkathi beseqhweni. Kukulesi sikhathi lapho ziyizisulu ezilula zezilwane ezizingelayo. Owesifazane oyedwa angazala ingane eyodwa kuya kwezintathu. Zizalwa zimbozwe ngogqinsi olumhlophe phansi. Yingakho abizwa ngokuthi izimvu zamanzi. Ekuqaleni, abasha banceliswa ubisi lukamama. Le nkathi ihlala izinyanga ezingama-2-4, kuya ngezimo zezulu nezimo zokushisa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Izimpawu zeCaspian yizilwane ezihlukile ezinikezwe amandla okubambezela ngamabomu noma zokuqalisa kabusha ukukhula kwemibungu. Lokhu kungenxa yesimo sezulu esinzima kakhulu sasebusika bendawo, lapho izingane zingasuki nakanjani lapho zizalwa ngalesi sikhathi.
Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kuzalwe inzalo, izilwane zakha izindawo zokukhosela ezikhethekile eqhweni, lapho-ke zondla khona izingane. Ngemuva kwalokho umama ubadlulisela kancane ekudleni kwabantu abadala, enikeza izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans kanye nezinambuzane ezincane ezinambithekayo ukunambitha. Kuze kube ngumzuzu lapho amawundlu asezingeni ashintshela ekudleni kwabantu abadala, umbala woboya bawo ushintsha ngokuphelele uye kokujwayelekile, komuntu omdala. Abesilisa ababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni inzalo. Ukunakekela nokondla izingane ukukhathazeka komama kuphela.
Izazi zeZoologists zithi uma zikhona ezimweni ezivumayo futhi zinokudla okwanele, isikhathi sokuphila singafinyelela eminyakeni engama-50. Kodwa-ke, namuhla isikhathi sokuphila sangempela sezilwane ezincelisayo asivamile ukudlula iminyaka eyi-15. Uma sicabanga ukuthi isilwane sikhula size sibe yiminyaka engamashumi amabili, khona-ke iningi labamele izilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo azihlali ngisho naphakathi neminyaka yobudala.
Iqiniso elithandekayo. Iminyaka eqondile yomuntu ngamunye inganqunywa ngokubala inani lemibuthano emazinyweni noma kuzipho. Lesi isici esiyingqayizivele esingeyona enye yezinhlobo zezilwane.
Izitha zemvelo zezimpawu zeCaspian
Isithombe: uphawu lweCaspian oluvela eRed Book
Abaphenyi bathi lezi zilwane cishe azinazo izitha. Okuwukuphela komuntu, umsebenzi wakhe uholela ekwehliseni okukhulu kwenani lezilwane. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, izimvu zamanzi, ikakhulukazi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, zivame ukuba yizisulu zezilwane ezinamandla nezinkulu.
Izitha zemvelo zecasian Caspian:
- Ibhere elinsundu;
- Izimpungushe;
- Sable;
- Izimpisi;
- Izinkozi;
- Imikhomo Killer;
- Oshaka baseGreenland;
- Ukhozi olunemisila emhlophe.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ngokungabikho kwesisekelo sokudla, ama-walrus angazingela abantu abasha nabancane. Abesifazane basengozini enkulu ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwezingane, kanye namazinyane, unina ahamba eyofuna ukudla washiya izingane zakhe emgodini zodwa zinganakiwe.
Umuntu wenza okubi okukhulu ezilwaneni. Umsebenzi wayo, maqondana nokuncipha kwabantu bezinhlobo, awuhlotshaniswa nokuzingela nje kuphela nokuzingela ngokungemthetho, kodwa futhi nokungcola kwendawo engokwemvelo yezilwane ezincelisayo. Lesi yisona sizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kwezilwane ezimweni zemvelo kanye nenombolo yazo sincishiswe kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Nerpa oLwandle iCaspian
Namuhla uphawu lweCaspian luhlobo olusengozini yezilwane ezincelisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi womnotho womuntu ukhula njalo, okuholela ekubhujisweni, ukungcoliswa nokubhujiswa kwendawo yemvelo yophawu lweCaspian. Ngaphandle kokuthi izazi zezilwane zizama ukuthuthukisa futhi zithathe zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokugcina lezi zinhlobo nokwandisa inani labantu, inani lezilwane lincipha minyaka yonke.
Phambilini, abantu bezimpawu zaseCaspian babebaningi kakhulu futhi bedlula isigidi esisodwa sabantu. Umkhuba owehlayo ezinombolweni zabo waqala ngama-70s. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5-7 kuphela, yehle cishe isigamu futhi yeqa abantu abangama-600,000. Uboya balolu hlobo oluthile lwophawu lubaluleke kakhulu.
Lesi silwane sasibhalwe ku-International Red Book sinesimo "sengcuphe." Njengamanje, ukuzingela lolu hlobo lwezilwane akuvunyelwe ezingeni lomthetho, kepha kunqunyelwe kuphela. Umthetho uvunyelwe ukubulala abantu abangaphansi kwama-50 000 ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nalesi sibalo singasongela kulesi simo.
Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela nokuzingela kungezona izizathu zokuqothulwa kohlobo. Izifo ezinkulu zezilwane, ukubhujiswa nokungcoliswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, kanye nokuzalwa kwenzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu.
Ukuvikelwa kwezimpawu zeCaspian
Isithombe: ICaspian seal Red Book
ERussia, okwamanje, ezingeni lezomthetho, inkinga yokuxoshwa, ukwehliswa kwethonya lomuntu ekwehlisweni kwabantu balezi zinhlobo kuyaxazululwa. Kwathathwa isinqumo sokuthi kufakwe uphawu lweCaspian eRed Book of the Russian Federation kanye nokuvinjelwa okuqinile ekuzingeleni. Namuhla, kwenziwa imizamo yokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi oLwandle iCaspian ngemfucumfucu evela ezimbonini ezicubungula uwoyela negesi.
Yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo ukuvikela lezi zinhlobo kumthelela womuntu:
- Ukusungulwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile zezimpawu zaseCaspian;
- Ukuhlaziywa kokungcola kwamanzi oLwandle lweCaspian nokuncipha kwezici eziyingozi ezinomthelela kulokhu;
- Ukuvimbela nokuvimbela ukuthunjwa kwezilwane namankonyane kuzo zonke izinhlobo zocwaningo kuze kubuyiswe inani labantu;
- Ukwakhiwa kwezinkulisa ezikhethekile, amapaki kazwelonke, lapho izazi zezilwane, ososayensi nabaphenyi bezokwakha izimo ezikahle zokwandisa inani lezinhlobo zezilwane;
- Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi wamazwe omhlaba wokuvikela lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo.
Uphawu lweCaspian yisilwane esimangalisayo futhi esihle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ingasheshe inyamalale ngokuphelele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ngenxa yobudedengu bezinsizakusebenza zemvelo kanye nezilwane, umuntu angabhubhisa omunye ummeleli ohlukile wezitshalo nezilwane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza yonke imizamo yokugcina nokubuyisa izinombolo zayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.04.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 19.09.2019 ngo-16: 03
