Impisi emthende - isilwane esingenalo usayizi omkhulu kakhulu. Ngosayizi ifana nenja ejwayelekile. Isilwane asinomusa, futhi asisihle, futhi asikhangi. Ngenxa yokubuna okuphezulu, ikhanda elehlisiwe kanye ne-jumping gait, lifana nesiphambano esiphakathi kwempisi nengulube yasendle. Impisi emthende ayakha amaphakethe, ihlala ngababili, ikhulisa imidlwane efika kwemithathu. Impisi emthende iyisilwane esidla ebusuku. Umsebenzi uwela kusihlwa nasebusuku. Emini, izimpisi ziyalala.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Impisi emthende
UHyaena hyaena uyisilwane esincelisayo semammalia sohlobo lwempisi. Kungumndeni wakwaHyaenidae. Izinhlobonhlobo zehluka kancane komunye nomunye. Kunokwehluka okuncane ngosayizi, umbala nejazi.
Ngokuyisisekelo bahlukaniswe indawo yokuhlala:
- IHyaena hyaena hyaena ivame kakhulu eNdiya.
- IHyaena hyaena barbara imelwe kahle entshonalanga yeNyakatho Afrika.
- UHyaena hyaena dubbah - uhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ye-East Africa. Kusatshalaliswe eKenya.
- IHyaena hyaena sultana - ejwayelekile eNhlonhlweni ye-Arabia.
- IHyaena hyaena syriaca - Itholakala kwa-Israyeli naseSyria, eyaziwa e-Asia Minor, ngamanani amancane eCaucasus.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Impisi emthende ibukeka njengezilwane ezine ngasikhathi sinye: impisi, ingulube yasendle, inkawu nengwe. Igama lempisi lanikezwa ngamaGrikhi asendulo. Bebona ukufana kwale ngulube yasendle, babiza i-hus pred. Ubuso obucwebezelayo bempisi bufana nobuso benkawu, imivimbo eguqukayo inika ukufana nengwe.
Abantu bezizwe ezahlukahlukene abahlala kumazwekazi ahlukene bathi izimfanelo eziyimfihlakalo kule mpisi ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile. Iziphonso zeHyena zisasebenza njengeziphonso zezizwe eziningi zase-Afrika. Impisi ibhekwa njengesilwane se-totem. Uhlonishwe njengomvikeli wesizwe, umndeni, nomndeni.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Impisi emthende yezilwane
Impisi emthende, ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo, ayikhiphi ukukhala okukhulu kokukhwehlela, ayikhali. Ingahlukaniswa nezinye izinhlobo ngendlebe. Kukhiqiza imisindo ejulile yokububula, ukugquma nokugquma. Inendawo ethambile, sengathi yehla ngomzimba. Imilenze yangaphambili yomzingeli mide kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva. Entanyeni ende kuhlaliswe ikhanda elikhulu, elibanzi elinesifinyeto esibuthuntu namehlo amakhulu. Izindlebe azilingani nekhanda. Zigqanyiswa onxantathu abakhulu abakhonjiwe.
Ividiyo: Impisi emthende
Izimpisi ezimthende zinejazi elide eligobekile elinomhloshana ompunga entanyeni nasemhlane wazo omude. Umbala uphuzi ngombala ophuzi onemivimbo emnyama emile emzimbeni nemivimbo evundlile emilenzeni. Ku-hyena enemigqa yabantu abadala, ubude ukusuka enhlokweni yekhanda kuye ezansi komsila bufinyelela ku-120 cm, umsila - cm 35. Owesifazane angaba nesisindo esifinyelela ku-35 kg, owesilisa aze afike ku-40 kg.
Impisi inamazinyo aqinile nezicubu zomhlathi ezakheke kahle. Lokhu kuvumela umhlaseli ukubhekana namathambo aqinile ezilwane ezinkulu njengendlulamithi, ubhejane, indlovu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpisi zabesifazane zihlukaniswa ngezici zobulili ezingamanga. Ziyafana kakhulu nabesilisa. Isikhathi eside bekukholelwa ukuthi impisi iyi-hermaphrodite. Elinye iqiniso ebhange lezingulube lomzingeli wasenganekwaneni. Ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni, impisi inikezwa ikhono lokushintsha ubulili.
Abesifazane bakhulu, yize besisindo esincane. Banolaka ngokwengeziwe futhi, ngenxa yalokho, basebenza ngokwengeziwe. Izimpisi ezimthende ziyahlangana futhi kwesinye isikhathi zihlala ngamaqembu amancane. Owesifazane uhlale engumholi. Endaweni yayo engokwemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila kwesilwane esidla imvelo ngokuvamile siyiminyaka eyi-10-15. Ezindaweni zokulondolozwa kwezilwane zasendle nasemaphoyiseni, impisi iphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-25.
Ihlala kuphi impisi emthende?
Isithombe: Ibhuku elibomvu le-hyena elibomvu
Impisi emthende njengamanje iyilona kuphela uhlobo olutholakala ngaphandle kwase-Afrika. Ingatholakala emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi, eMiddle East naseNdiya. Izimpisi zihlala eMorocco, ogwini olusenyakatho ne-Algeria, ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yeSahara.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpisi azikaze zihlale ezindaweni ezimbozwe yiqhwa isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, impisi emthende ingaphila ezindaweni ezinobusika obuzinzile obuhlala izinsuku ezingama-80 kuye kwayi-120, lapho amazinga okushisa ehla aze afike ku-20 ° C.
Yizilwane ezi-thermophilic ezikhetha isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile. Bakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezomile ngamanzi amancane. Impisi emthende ikhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile nezomile. Lawa ikakhulukazi ama-savanna omile, amahlathi e-acacia nezihlahlana, ama-steppes awomile kanye nezingwadule. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, impisi enemigqa ingabonakala kuze kufike ku-3300 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
ENyakatho Afrika, impisi enemigqa ithanda amahlathi avulekile nezindawo ezinezintaba ezinezihlahla ezihlakazekile.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Naphezu kokubekezela kwesomiso, izimpisi azikaze zihlale zijule ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Izilwane zidinga ukuphuza njalo. Lapho kukhona khona amanzi, kwaphawulwa ukuthi ama-hyena ahlala esondela emithonjeni yokuchelela.
Izimbobo zokungena emgodini wempisi ezinemigqa zinobubanzi obungu-60 cm kuye ku-75 cm.Ukujula kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5.Lona umgodi onompheme omncane. Kunezimo lapho izimpisi ezimthende zimba imigede yokungcwaba efinyelela kumamitha angama-27-30 ubude.
Idlani impisi emthende?
Isithombe: Impisi emthende
Impisi emthende iyisidlakela sama-ungulates asendle nemfuyo. Ukudla kuncike endaweni yokuhlala nezilwane ezimelwe kuyo. Ukudla kuncike ezinsaleleni zezilwane ezidliwayo ezibulawa yizilwane ezinkulu ezidla inyama ezifana nempisi enamachwane noma izingulube ezinkulu ezifana nengwe, ibhubesi, ingulule nengwe.
Impango yempisi emthende kungaba yizilwane ezifuywayo. Ukulandela imihlambi yezilwane ezifuywayo emadlelweni, izimpisi zihamba zifuna abantu abagulayo nabalimele, zisebenza ngokuhlelekile. Lolu hlobo luvame ukusolwa ngokubulala imfuyo nokuzingela imifino emikhulu. Kunobufakazi obuncane bale mibono. Ucwaningo lwezingcezu zamathambo, izinwele nezindle maphakathi neKenya kukhombisile ukuthi izimpisi ezinemigqa nazo zidla ezincelisayo nezinyoni ezincane.
Iqiniso elimnandi: Izimpisi zithanda izimfudu. Ngemihlathi yabo enamandla, bayakwazi ukuqhekeza amagobolondo avulekile. Ngenxa yamazinyo abo aqinile nemisipha yomhlathi ekhule kahle, izimpisi nazo ziyakwazi ukuphula nokugaya amathambo.
Ukudla kuhambisana nemifino, izithelo nama-invertebrate. Izithelo nemifino kungenza ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwazo. Izilwane zingaphila ngempumelelo ngokuncane kakhulu, ngisho namanzi anosawoti. Izithelo nemifino, njengamakhabe namakhukhamba, kudliwa njalo esikhundleni samanzi.
Zifuna ukudla, izimpisi ezinemigqa zingahamba ibanga elide. EGibhithe, amaqembu amancane ezilwane abonakala ehambisana nohambo lwamahhashi ebangeni elihloniphekile futhi enza isivinini samakhilomitha ayi-8 kuye kwangama-50 ngehora. Izimpisi zahamba ngethemba lokuzingelwa ngesimo sezilwane eziwele phansi: amakamela neminyuzi. Zikhetha ukudla izimpisi ebusuku. Okuhlukile yisimo sezulu esinamafu noma izinkathi zemvula.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Impisi emthende yezilwane
Indlela yokuphila, imikhuba nemikhuba yempisi enemigqa yehluka ngendawo yokuhlala. E-Asia Ephakathi, izimpisi zihlala zodwa, ngababili. Imidlwane yonyaka odlule ihlala emindenini. Basiza ekunakekeleni indle esanda kuzalwa. Izibopho zomndeni zigcinwa impilo yonke.
E-Central Kenya, izimpisi zihlala ngamaqembu amancane. Lawa angama-harem, lapho owesilisa oyedwa enezinsikazi eziningana. Kwesinye isikhathi abesifazane bahlala ndawonye. Lawa ngamaqembu abantu abathathu nangaphezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi izinsikazi azihlobene, zihlala ngokwehlukana.
Kwa-Israyeli, izimpisi zihlala zodwa. Ezindaweni lapho izimpisi ezinemigqa zihlala ngamaqembu, isakhiwo senhlalo sihleleke ngendlela yokuthi kubuse abesilisa. AmaHyena amaka indawo yawo ngokukhipha okusuka kwizindlala zangasese futhi ahlukaniswe.
Impisi enemigqa kukholakala ukuthi iyisilwane sasebusuku. Kodwa-ke, amakhamera we-trap aqopha impisi emthende emini enkulu ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kubantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Impisi emthende
Izimpisi ezinemigqa eyinsikazi zishisa izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, okwenza zivunde kakhulu. Impisi izala amawundlu cishe izinyanga ezintathu. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, umama okhulelwe ubheka umgodi noma azimbele wona. Ngokwesilinganiso, imidlwane emithathu izalwa ngodoti, kuyaqabukela eyodwa noma ezine. Amawundlu ama-Hyena azalwa eyimpumputhe, isisindo sawo singamagremu angama-700. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, amehlo nezindlebe kuvuleka.
Cishe lapho inenyanga ubudala, imidlwane isivele ikwazi ukudla nokugaya ukudla okuqinile. Kodwa insikazi, njengomthetho, iyaqhubeka nokuyondla ngobisi ize ibe nezinyanga eziyisithupha noma unyaka ubudala. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwimpisi enemigqa yensikazi kwenzeka ngemuva konyaka, futhi zingaletha udoti wazo wokuqala ezinyangeni eziyi-15-18. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, izimpisi zizala okokuqala ezinyangeni ezingama-24-27.
Abesifazane kuphela banakekela inzalo. Impisi yesilisa ayiveli ngisho nasemgodini. Ososayensi balinganise izindlu ezimbili ezisehlane laseKarakum. Ububanzi bemigodi yabo yokungena babuyi-67 cm no-72 cm.Imigodi yangena ngaphansi komhlaba ekujuleni kwamamitha ama-3 no-2,5, futhi ubude bayo bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-4.15 no-5, ngokulandelana. Idenini ngalinye liyindawo eyodwa engenawo "amakamelo" namagatsha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izindawo zokufihla izimpisi ezitholakala kwa-Israyeli zihlukaniswa ngesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nokude kakhulu - kuze kufike ku-27 m.
Izitha zemvelo zempisi emthende
Isithombe: impisi emthende evela eBhukwini Elibomvu
Endle, impisi emthende inezitha ezimbalwa. Akayena umphikisi omkhulu wanoma yisiphi isilwane esidla inyama esihlala endaweni efanayo.
Lokhu kungenxa yemikhuba nokuziphatha kwempisi:
- Impisi ihlala yodwa ngokweqile, ayiqoqekile emihlambini;
- Ufuna ukudla ikakhulu ebusuku;
- Lapho ihlangana nezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, igcina ibanga okungenani lamamitha angama-50;
- Ihamba kancane, ngama-zigzags.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi impisi ayinazo nhlobo izingxabano nezinye izilwane. Kunezimo lapho izimpisi kwakudingeka zilwe nezingwe nezingulule ukuze zibaxoshe ekudleni. Kepha lezi yizigameko ezenziwa kanye kuphela ezingazenzi izidalwa ezinkulu zezinye izinhlobo zibe yizitha zemvelo zempisi.
Ngeshwa, lokhu akunakushiwo ngabantu. Izimpisi ezimthende zinegama elibi. Kukholakala ukuthi zihlasela imfuyo zize zihlasele namathuna. Yingakho abantu abahlala ezindaweni zama-fisi bababheka njengezitha futhi bazama ukubabhubhisa ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impisi emthende ivame ukuba yisisulu sokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho.
ENyakatho Afrika, kwamukelwa kabanzi ukuthi izitho zangaphakathi zempisi ziyakwazi ukwelapha izifo ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, isibindi sezimpisi kudala sizama ukwelapha izifo zamehlo. Kukholakala nokuthi isikhumba sempisi enemigqa siyakwazi ukuvikela izitshalo ekufeni. Konke lokhu kuholela ekutheni izimpisi ezibulewe ziba yinto eshisayo emakethe emnyama. Ukuzingelwa ngokuzingela kwe-Hyena kuthuthukiswa ikakhulukazi eMorocco.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Impisi enemishwe
Ayikho imininingwane eqondile ngenani lamafisi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi impisi emthende, ngokungafani naleyo enamachashaza, ayisona isilwane esihlanganayo. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi ngaphandle kobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu, inani lama-hyena anemigqa endaweni ngayinye ehlukile lincane.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezindawo lapho kubonakale khona izimpisi ezinemigqa zigxilwe eMiddle East. Abantu abanamandla asindile eKruger National Park yaseNingizimu Afrika nasogwadule lwaseKalahari.
Ngo-2008, i-International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources yabala impisi emthende njengezinhlobo ezisengozini. Izimpisi ezinemigqa zifakiwe kwi-International Red Book. Isizathu sokufakwa isenzo somuntu esinobutha. Ukubandlululwa kwamafisi sekungamakhulu eminyaka kubenze baba yizitha zabantu bendawo eNyakatho Afrika, eNdiya naseCaucasus.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpisi zihlala ema-zoo emhlabeni jikelele, ngokwesibonelo, eMoscow, inhloko-dolobha yaseGibhithe, iCairo, i-American Fort Worth, i-Olmen (iBelgium) nezinye izindawo eziningi. Impisi emthende nayo yayihlala eTbilisi Zoo, kodwa, ngeshwa, lesi silwane safa ngo-2015, ngesikhathi kwenzeka isikhukhula esinamandla eGeorgia.
Unogada wempisi omthende
Isithombe: Ibhuku elibomvu le-hyena elibomvu
Impisi emthende ihlukaniswa njengesilwane esiseduze nezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Yayifakwa kwi-International Red Book ngo-2008, naseRed Book of the Russian Federation - ngo-2017.
Ukulondoloza ubungako besibalo sabantu, impisi emthende igcinwa eziqiwini nasemapaki esizwe. Namuhla, lesi silwane singatholakala eziqiwini zikazwelonke zase-Afrika, ngokwesibonelo, eMasai Mara (Kenya) naseKruger (South Africa). Izimpisi zihlala zombili endaweni yaseBadkhyz (iTurkmenistan) nasezindaweni ezivikelwe zase-Uzbekistan.
Ekuthunjweni, ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwezimpisi bucishe buphindwe kabili ngenxa yokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kanye nokuqondiswa ngodokotela bezilwane. Kuma-zoo, izimpisi zizala, kepha abantu kufanele bondle imidlwane. Ngenxa yobuncane besikhoselo, impisi yensikazi ihudula amathole ayo njalo futhi ingawabulala.
Endle, ingozi enkulu yempisi enemigqa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Kuvame kakhulu e-Afrika. Emazweni ase-Afrika, kutholwe izinhlawulo ezinqala ngokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Izindawo ezihlala izimpisi zihlala zigadwa amaqembu abahloli ahlomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezikhathi ezithile izimpisi ziyabanjwa futhi, ngemuva kokuzithulisa ngama-tranquilizers, kufakwa ama-chips. Ngosizo lwabo, ungakwazi ukulandelela ukuhamba kwesilwane.
Impisi emthende Isidlakela esinemikhuba nokuziphatha okuthakazelisa kakhulu. Idumela elibi lempisi ngokuyinhloko lisuselwa enkolelweni yenkolelo nasekubukekeni kwayo okungavamile. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuyisilwane esiqaphe kakhulu nesinokuthula, okuwuhlobo lokuhleleka kwasendle.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 24.03.2019
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 09/18/2019 ngo-22: 17
