Ufezela Imperial Ingabe ingenye yezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu futhi futhi ingenye yezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Ingesinye sezidalwa ezindala kunazo zonke ezisaphila. Ama-Scorpions abelokhu eseplanethi yoMhlaba cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-300, futhi awakashintshi kangako eminyakeni edlule. Ungababuka endaweni yabo yemvelo ebusuku kuphela. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zofezela, zonke ezinobuthi ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, kepha cishe zingamashumi amabili kuphela zazo ezilumayo ezibulalayo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Imperial Scorpion
Ufezela wenkosi (Pandinus imperator) ungofezela omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ubude baso bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-20 kuya kwangu-21, kanti isisindo saso singu-30 g. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bakhulu kakhulu futhi basinda kunezihlobo zabo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo zofezela basehlathini ziyafana ngosayizi, kanti ufezela uHeterometrus swammerdami ungumnikazi werekhodi lomhlaba phakathi kwabazala bawo ngobude (23 cm). Izilwane zikhula ngokushesha. Umjikelezo wabo wempilo ungaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-8. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni okugcwele eminyakeni emi-5-6 (usayizi wabantu abadala).
Inkomba yomlando! Uhlobo lo lwaqala ukuchazwa uKL Koch ngo-1842. Kamuva ngo-1876, uTamerlane Torell wachaza futhi wakubona njengomndeni wakhe awuthola kuye.
Ngemuva kwalokho uhlobo lwehlukaniswa lwaba ngama-subgenera amahlanu, kepha ukwahlukaniswa kwaba yi-subgenera manje sekuyinkinga. Amanye amagama ajwayelekile wesilwane yi-Black Emperor Scorpio ne-African Imperial Scorpio.
Ividiyo: Emperor Scorpion
Ukhokho ovamile wawo wonke ama-arachnid mhlawumbe wayefana nama-eurypterid asephelile noma ofezela basolwandle, izidalwa ezisabekayo zamanzi ezaziphila eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-350-550 edlule. Ngesibonelo sabo, kulula ukulandela umkhondo wokuziphendukela kwemvelo usuka endaweni yasemanzini uye endleleni yokuphila yasemhlabeni. Ukuhlala entweni yamanzi nokuba ne-gill, ama-eurypterids anokufana okuningi nofezela banamuhla. Izinhlobo zomhlaba, ezifana nofezela besimanje, zazikhona ngesikhathi seCarboniferous.
Ofezela bathathe indawo ekhethekile emlandweni wesintu. Ziyingxenye yezinganekwane zabantu abaningi. Abamele umndeni bakhulunywa "encwadini yabafileyo" eGibhithe, iKoran, iBhayibheli. Lesi silwane sasibhekwa njengesingcwele ngunkulunkulukazi uSelket, omunye wamadodakazi kaRa, umphathi wezwe labafileyo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isithombe SaseTropical: Emperor Scorpion
I-scorpion yasebukhosini inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omnyama ogqamile ohlanganiswe nemidwebo ensundu ne-grainy kwezinye izindawo. Izitho zomzimba ezisemaceleni zinomugqa omhlophe osuka ekhanda uye emsileni. Ithiphu lalo laziwa ngokuthi i-telson futhi linombala obomvu obukhali ohluke kikho konke ukwakheka kwesilwane.
Ngemuva kokuncibilika, laba ofezela bathola umbala osagolide kusuka emsileni kuye ekhanda, okuya ngokuya kube mnyama, kuze kufike kumbala omnyama omkhulu, umbala ojwayelekile wabantu abadala.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo! Ama-Emperor scorpions ane-fluorescent ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet. Zibonakala ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zivumela abantu nezinye izilwane ukuba bazithole futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha.
Ofezela abadala kunzima ukuhlukanisa njengoba abesilisa nabesifazane bebukeka befana. I-exoskeleton yabo i-sclerotic kakhulu. Ingxenye engaphambili yomzimba, noma i-prosoma, inezingxenye ezine, ngasinye sinemilenze emibili. Ngemuva kwemilenze emibili yesine kunezakhiwo ezinemiphetho ezaziwa njengama-pectin, ngokuvamile amade emadodeni kunabesifazane. Umsila, owaziwa nge-metasoma, mude futhi ugobele emuva ubheke emzimbeni wonke. Iphelela esitsheni esikhulu esinezindlala zobuhlungu kanye nodosi olugobile olugobile.
I-emperor scorpion ingahamba ngokushesha okukhulu kumabanga amafushane. Lapho ehamba amabanga amade, uphumula izikhathi eziningi. Njengofezela abaningi, inamandla amancane kakhulu phakathi nezigaba zomsebenzi. Uthanda impilo yasebusuku futhi akazishiyi izindawo zakhe zokucasha emini.
Uhlalaphi umbusi ufezela?
Isithombe: Black Emperor Scorpion
I-emperor scorpion iyinhlobo yase-Afrika etholakala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, kodwa futhi ikhona nase-savannah, eduze kweziduli zomuhlwa.
Indawo okuyo iqoshwe emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, kufaka phakathi:
- IBenin (inani elincane labantu engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe);
- IBurkana Faso (isabalele kakhulu, cishe yonke indawo);
- I-Cote D'Ivoire (ejwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo);
- IGambia (kukude nokuba sezikhundleni zokuqala phakathi kwabamele ofezela bakuleli);
- IGhana (iningi labantu lisengxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe);
- IGuinea (isakazeke yonke indawo);
- IGuinea-Bissau (itholakala ngamanani amancane);
- I-Togo (ihlonishwa ngabantu bendawo njengonkulunkulu);
- I-Liberia (etholakala kwizembozo ezinamanzi ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga neziphakathi);
- IMali (inani labofezela benkosi lisatshalaliswa ezweni lonke);
- INigeria (uhlobo oluvamile phakathi kwezilwane zasendaweni);
- ISenegal (inani elincane labantu abakhona);
- ISierra Lyone (amakoloni amakhulu atholakala emahlathini emvula asempumalanga);
- ICameroon (ejwayelekile phakathi kwezilwane).
I-emperor scorpion ihlala emathunjini ajulile angaphansi komhlaba, ngaphansi kwamatshe, imfucumfucu yezihlahla nezinye izidumbu zasehlathini, kanye nasezindundumeni zomuhlwa. Ama-pectin izinzwa ezisiza ukunquma indawo akuyo. Izinhlobo zikhetha umswakama ohlobene no-70-80%. Kubo, ithempelesha yasemini entofontofo kakhulu ingu-26-28 ° C, ebusuku isuka ku-20 iye ku-25 ° C.
Yini edliwa yi-emperor scorpion?
Isithombe: Imperial Scorpion
Endle, ufezela i-emperor udla kakhulu izinambuzane ezinjengezikhilikithi nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezisemhlabeni, kodwa umuhlwa wenza iningi lokudla kwawo. Ama-vertebrate amakhulu afana namagundane nezibankwa awadliwa kakhulu.
Ofezela base-Emperor bacasha eduze kweziduli zomuhlwa ezijule ngamasentimitha angu-180 ukuzingela izilwane. Uzipho lwazo olukhulu luguqulwa ukuze luhlukanise inyamazane, futhi umsila wazo ujova ubuthi ukusiza ukudla okuncane. Abancane bathembele ekulunyweni kwabo okunobuthi ukukhubaza inyamazane, kanti ofezela abadala basebenzisa izinzipho zabo ezinkulu ngaphezulu.
Ukufuna ukwazi! Izinwele ezintekenteke ezihlanganisa izikhonkwane nomsila zivumela i-emperor scorpion ukuthi ithole inyamazane ngokudlidliza emoyeni nasemhlabathini.
Ikhetha ukuhamba ebusuku, i-emperor scorpion ingasebenza emini uma izinga lokukhanya liphansi. Umpetha wokuzila ukudla we-Imperial scorpion. Angaphila ngaphandle kokudla kuze kube unyaka. Inundu elilodwa lizomondla inyanga yonke.
Ngaphandle kokuthi iwufezela omkhulu onokubukeka okwesabekayo, ubuthi bawo abubulali kubantu. Ubuthi be-African scorpion emperor bumnene futhi bunobuthi obulinganiselayo. Iqukethe ubuthi obufana ne-imptoxin ne-pandinotoxin.
Ukulunywa kwe-Scorpion kungahlukaniswa njengokukhanya kepha okubuhlungu (okufana nezinyosi). Iningi labantu alihlushwa i-emperor scorpion bite, yize ezinye zingaba yi-allergen. Ubuthi obuhlukahlukene be-ion channel buhlukaniswe nobuthi be-emperor scorpion, kufaka phakathi iPi1, Pi2, Pi3, Pi4, nePi7.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Animal Emperor Scorpion
Lezi zinhlobo zingenye yamafezela ambalwa akwazi ukuxhumana ngamaqembu. I-subsociality iyaziwa ezilwaneni: abesifazane nenzalo bavame ukuhlala ndawonye. Ufezela i-emperor awunolaka futhi awuzihlaseli izihlobo. Kodwa-ke, ukusweleka kokudla kwesinye isikhathi kuholela ekudleni kwabantu.
Ukubona kofezela i-emperor kubi kakhulu kanti ezinye izinzwa zikhule kahle. I-emperor scorpion yaziwa ngokuziphatha kwayo ngokuzithoba nangokuluma cishe okungenabungozi. Abantu abadala abayisebenzisi intshontsho labo ukuzivikela. Kodwa-ke, ukulunywa kwe-sting kungasetshenziselwa ukuvikela ngesikhathi sobusha. Inani likashevu ojojowe liyancishiswa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Amanye ama-molecule akha ubuthi njengamanje ayaphenywa ngoba ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi bangaba nezindawo ezilwisana nomalaleveva namanye amabhaktheriya ayingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Kuyisilwane esiqinile esikwazi ukumelana nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa aze afike kuma-50 ° C. Ukwesaba ilanga futhi ucashe usuku lonke ukuze udle kusihlwa kuphela. Kubonisa futhi isidingo esiphansi sokukhuphuka, nokuyinto engajwayelekile kwamanye ofezela. Ikhuphuka eceleni kwezimpande futhi inamathele ezimileni kuze kufike kubude obufinyelela kuma-30 cm. Umgede umba ufike ekujuleni kwama-90 cm.
Ukufuna ukwazi! Ukuqhwaza akukubi kangako kofezela. Kancane kancane bancibilika ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga bese beqhubeka nokuphila. Futhi, lezi zilwane zasendulo zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe izinsuku ezimbili zingaphefumuli.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Emperor Scorpion waseTropical
Ama-scorpions e-Imperial afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka emine. Babamba iqhaza emdansweni oyindida lapho owesilisa ezihambela khona ezama ukuthola indawo efanelekile yokugcina isidoda. Ngemuva kokunikela ngesidoda, owesilisa uhamba nowesifazane ngaphezulu kwendawo lapho ezokwamukela khona isidoda. Izilwane ziyi-viviparous. Lapho owesifazane ekhulelwa, umzimba wowesifazane uyanweba, uveza ulwelwesi olumhlophe oluxhuma izingxenye.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-12-15, ngenxa yalokho, kuzalwa izicabucabu ezimhlophe ezingamashumi amahlanu (imvamisa eyi-15-25), ezandulela lokho zichamusele emaqandeni esibelethweni. Izingane zishiya kancane kancane isibeletho, inqubo yokuzalwa ingahlala ezinsukwini ezi-4. Ofezela base-Emperor bazalwa bengenakho ukuzivikela futhi bathembele kakhulu kunina ukuze bathole ukudla nokuvikelwa.
Iqiniso elithandekayo! Abesifazane bathwala abantwana emzimbeni wabo kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-20. Izizukulwane eziningi zinamathela emhlane, esiswini nasemilenzeni yowesifazane, futhi zehlela emhlabathini kuphela ngemuva kwesigaxa sokuqala. Ngenkathi besemzimbeni kamama, badla i-epithelium yakhe enqenqemeni.
Omama kwesinye isikhathi bayaqhubeka nokondla amaphuphu abo, noma ngabe sebekhule ngokwanele ukuthi bangaphila ngokuzimela. Oofezela abancane bazalwa bemhlophe futhi baqukethe amaprotheni kanye nezakhi zomzimba emizimbeni yabo amasonto amane kuya kwayisithupha. Benza lukhuni ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14 lapho amadamu abo esephenduke aba mnyama.
Okokuqala, ofezela asebekhule kancane badla ukudla kwezilwane ezazizingelwa ngumama. Njengoba bekhula, bahlukaniswa nonina futhi bazifunela izindawo zabo zokudla. Kwesinye isikhathi bakha amaqembu amancane abahlala kuwo ngokuthula ndawonye.
Izitha zemvelo zofezela benkosi
Isithombe: Black Emperor Scorpion
Ofezela bobukhosi banenani elifanele lezitha. Izinyoni, amalulwane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izicabucabu ezinkulu, ama-centipedes nezibankwa zizizingela njalo. Lapho ihlasela, ufezela uthatha indawo engamasentimitha angama-50 ukuya kwangama-50, uzivikela ngenkuthalo futhi uhlehla masinyane.
Izitha zakhe zihlanganisa:
- i-mongoose;
- meerkat;
- imfene;
- mantis;
- ecwayiza nabanye.
Uphendula ekuhlukumezaneni naye esendaweni esongelayo, kepha akazikhukhumezi futhi uvikela ukungqubuzana nanoma yimaphi ama-vertebrate, kumagundane amadala. Ofezela i-Emperor bayabona futhi babone ezinye izilwane ebangeni elicishe libe imitha ngenkathi zihamba, ngakho-ke zivame ukuba yizisulu zokuhlaselwa. Lapho uvikela ngofezela, kusetshenziswa ama-pedipalps aqinile (imilenze). Kodwa-ke, ezimpini ezisindayo noma lapho zihlaselwa ngamagundane, zisebenzisa ukulunywa yisihlungu ukukhubaza umhlaseli. I-Emperor Scorpion ayivikelekile kubuthi bayo.
Kodwa-ke, isitha esikhulu sikofezela wasebukhosini ngabantu. Ukuqoqwa okungagunyaziwe kunciphise kakhulu isibalo sabo e-Afrika. Ngama-1990s, kwathengiswa izilwane eziyi-100 000 zisuka e-Afrika, nokwadala ukwesaba kanye nempendulo exwayayo evela kubameli bezilwane. Abantu abathunjiwe manje sekukholelwa ukuthi banele ngokwanele ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuzingela kwasendle.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Imperial Scorpion
I-emperor scorpion iyinhlobo ethandwayo phakathi kwabathandi bezilwane ezifuywayo. Lokhu kube nomthelela ekususweni ngokweqile kwabamele izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle. Isilwane siheha abathandi bokufika ngoba kulula ukugcina futhi kuzala kahle lapho siboshiwe.
Encwadini! Ndawonye nomashiqela wePandinus noPandinus gambiensis, ufezela wasebukhosini manje uyavikelwa. Ifakiwe ohlwini olukhethekile lwe-CITES. Noma yikuphi ukuthenga noma isipho kufanele kuhambisane ne-invoyisi noma isitifiketi sokuqokwa, inombolo edingekayo ye-CITES iyadingeka ukungenisa.
Njengamanje, ofezela bamakhosi basengangeniswa emazweni ase-Afrika, kepha lokhu kungashintsha uma inani lezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle lincishiswe kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokhombisa umphumela ongaba muncu kubantu besilwane kusuka ekuvuneni ngokweqile endaweni yaso. Lezi zinhlobo yi-scorpion evame kakhulu ekuthunjweni futhi itholakala kalula ekuhwebeni kwezilwane, kodwa i-CITES ibeke izilinganiso zokuthumela ngaphandle.
P. diactator no-P. gambiensis abavamile ekuhwebeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo. Izinhlobo ze-Pandinus africanus zitholakala kuhlu oluthile lwabathengisi bezentengiselwano. Leli gama alivumelekile futhi lingasetshenziswa kuphela ukumboza ukuthunyelwa kwabamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwamanye amazwe ufezela wasebukhosini kusuka kuhlu lwe-CITES.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 03/14/2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 17.09.2019 ngo-21: 07
