Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu Isilwane esincelisayo esidlayo. Yatholwa ezikhathini zasendulo, ezindaweni ezisogwini olusenyakatho, kwakuyisilwane esikhulu kakhulu. Emhlanganweni ojwayelekile, wayeyingozi. Ibhere lamanje lesimuncu liyisilwane esincelisayo esidlayo esivela emndenini webhere. Luhlobo lwebhere elinsundu kanye nozalo oluqondile lwesilwane esikhulu sangaphambi komlando. Ihlala iyisilwane esidla inyama esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu
Ama-subspecies akade ephela alezi zilwane abizwa ngokuthi ibhere elikhulu kakhulu. Lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zahlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo omkhulu (kufika ku-4 m) nesisindo esikhulu (kuze kufike ku-1 ton). Abaphenyi bathole izingcezu ezimbalwa zalesi silwane sangaphambi komlando. Amathambo akhe atholakala eNgilandi ngekhulu elidlule. Ukuqothulwa kwalezi zinhlobo kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzeka ngoba ekupheleni kweminyaka yeqhwa kwakungekho ukudla okwanele ezimweni ze-glaciation.
Kukholakala ukuthi lesi silwane sasiyisixhumanisi esiphakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivamile ezimhlophe nezinsundu zamabhere anamuhla. Ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezulu kwekhulu edlule, uhlobo olumhlophe lwesilwane se-albino lwaqhamuka ebhereni elijwayelekile elinsundu. Kepha kusanda kufakazelwa futhi kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi izinhlobo ezimhlophe zabantu zavela ngenxa yokuwela kwama-subspecies amakhulu futhi ansundu.
Kubantu bezinhlobonhlobo ezimhlophe, kuze kufike ku-10% wezakhi zofuzo zomdondoshiya no-2% webhere elinsundu kwatholakala. Lokhu kungubufakazi obuqondile bokuxubana kwezinhlobo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Giant Polar Bear
Ibhere eliphakeme kakhulu laliyisilwane esikhulu kakhulu, siqinile futhi siqinile. Wayenosayizi omangalisayo namandla amakhulu omzimba. Uma sihlangatshezwa, isilwane singaba yingozi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokugaya noma ukuncelisa amawundlu. Imvamisa ubude bomzimba womuntu wesilisa obulinganiselwe bufinyelela ku-3.5 m, kanti isisindo okungenani bekuyithoni. Abesilisa abakhulu babenesisindo esingaphezu kwama-500 kg, babenobude bomzimba okungenani obungu-3 m. Amabhere abesifazane ayemancane kakhulu (200-300 kg, 1.6-2.5 m). Ukuphakama kwesilwane ekubuneni kufinyelele ku-1.7 m.
Ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe lisenentamo ende nekhanda elincane, eliyisicaba. Umbala wejazi awunakuba mhlophe kuphela, kepha unombala omhlophe ophuzi, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi efudumele.
Izinwele zinesakhiwo esiyize, esivumela ukuthi isilwane singafrizi emakhazeni aqatha kakhulu futhi singabi manzi emanzini aneqhwa. Le ntambo yezinwele ibonakala imnyama esithombeni. Uma isilwane sisesimweni sezulu esifudumele noma e-zoo isikhathi eside, ingubo yaso ingathola umbala ohlaza okotshani, kepha lokhu akusona isibonakaliso sohlobo oluthile lwesifo.
Amathe anamandla wezidladla zesilo esikhulu ayegcwele uboya obunzima bokunwebeka, obabuvumela ukuthi buhambe kalula eqhweni olushelelayo futhi bungabi yiqhwa esimweni sezulu sezulu esibandayo esisenyakatho. Isici sedivayisi yezidladla zebhere elimhlophe ulwelwesi oluphakathi kwezinzwani. Lokhu kumvumela ukuthi athuthukise isivinini esikhulu emanzini futhi abe nokuhamba okuhle, naphezu kwesisindo sangaphandle nokuxakaniseka. Uzipho olukhulu lwesilo lungabamba kalula inyamazane encane noma enkulu.
Uhlelo lwamathambo lwalesi silwane esikhulu lwalunesakhiwo esiqinile esinamandla, olukwazi ukumelana nokuzikhandla okukhulu nezimo ezinzima zesimo sezulu esisenyakatho. Ibhere elikhulu elisendaweni emhlophe yisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke esake saphila emhlabeni.
Belihlala kuphi ibhere elikhulu?
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu
Indawo yesilwane inwetshiwe:
- ezindaweni ezisenyakatho;
- kuya eNewfoundland yanamuhla;
- ngaphesheya kwezingwadule ze-arctic kuya kutundra uqobo.
- Amabhere amakhulu amakhulu atholakala eSvalbard;
- Abantu abakhulu kakhulu babehlala ogwini loLwandle iBering.
Ensimini yeRussia yanamuhla, indawo yokuhlala yebhere elikhulu lase-polar kwakuwugu olusenyakatho loLwandle lwaseChukchi, kanye ne-Arctic neBering Seas.
Yadlani ibhere elikhulu elisendaweni emhlophe?
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu
Indawo yokuhlala kwebhele lase-polar giant, kanye nozalo lwayo lwesimanje, kwakuyiqhwa lasolwandle elisheshayo futhi likhukhuleka. Lapha izilwane zakha imigodi yazo, zakhipha amaphuphu azo futhi zabamba inyamazane yazo, okwakuyizinhlanzi, ama-walrus, ama-ringed seals, ama-bearded seal. Lesi silwane esidla inyama sisazibamba ngendlela engajwayelekile.
Njengasezikhathini zasendulo, isilo simane sicashe endaweni yokukhosela eduzane nomgodi bese sibheka ngesineke isisulu saso. Ngokushesha nje lapho isilwane esincane sibheka emgodini weqhwa, ibhere lisishaya ngokushesha ngokushaya isidladla salo esinamandla bese silikhipha emanzini silibhekise ngaphezulu. Amabhere abamba ama-walrus khona kanye emhlabathini, lapho adla khona ngokushesha isikhumba nesinqumelo. Amabhere adla inyama yezisulu zawo ngokungajwayelekile, kuphela ngezikhathi ezilambile kakhulu.
Futhi, ngesikhathi sokulamba sonyaka, ngokuntuleka kokudla okunamandla, amabhere angadla izinhlanzi ezifile, izidumbu, nolwelwe. Kwesinye isikhathi abazibeki phansi izibi zokulahla udoti eduze nezindawo ezisemaphandleni noma bangabhubhisa isitolo sokudla, bantshontshe konke ukuhlinzekwa kwabahloli bamazwe be-polar.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu
Esikhathini sethu, njengasezikhathini zasendulo, indlela yokuziphatha kwamabhere ayikashintshi kangako. Izilwane ezidlayo zifuna ukudla zingazulazula kuso sonke isifunda, kuya ngesizini. Ehlobo, balandela iqhwa eduze neNyakatho Pole njengoba izinhlanzi nezimpawu zifaka iqhwa elikhukhulekayo.
Ebusika, amabhere ahamba eningizimu yezwe aya ekujuleni kwamakhilomitha angama-70, lapho alala khona emgodini wokuzalisa nokondla inzalo. Amabhere akhulelwe ngokuvamile alala izinyanga ezingama-3-4. Abesilisa abalali isikhathi eside, cishe inyanga, ngoba ebusika bahlanganyela ekuzingeleni nasekufuneni ukudla, ukugcina amafutha angaphansi ukuze asetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo sendlala.
Ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuya ngesizini. Esikhathini esifudumele, lapho kunokudla okuningi nxazonke, izilwane ziziphatha ngokuthula futhi azihlaseli abantu noma imfuyo. Ebusika obunzima be-arctic, amabhere ayaphoqeleka ukuthi alwe ukuze aphile, ngakho-ke angaba nolaka kakhulu futhi abe yingozi kubantu noma ezifuyweni.
Izinsikazi ezinamathole ziyingozi kakhulu lapho zihlangana kungalindelekile. Banomzwelo wemvelo wokulonda inzalo futhi bahlasela ngokushesha noma ngubani onesibindi sokuza emgodini ngamazinyane. Zonke izinyosi ezibandayo zibukeka zinkulu, zinamahloni futhi ziyaxaka. Eqinisweni, izilwane ziyashesha kakhulu futhi zishesha emanzini nasemhlabeni.
Izici zamabhere we-polar:
- ungqimba olujiyile lwamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba luvikela iqhwa;
- uboya obuminyene buhlala bungagodoli emgqeni weqhwa;
- ijazi elimhlophe liyisifihle esihle.
Isilwane cishe asikwazi ukubona sibhekene nesizinda esimhlophe seqhwa noma iqhwa. Ngenxa yomuzwa wayo omuhle wokuhogela nokuzwa, lesi silwane esidala esikhulu sasinuka isisulu saso ngamamitha angamakhulu ambalwa. Emanzini, isilo singanqoba amabanga amade futhi sifinyelele isivinini esifinyelela ku-6 km / h. Lokhu kwamsiza ukuthi abambe noma yisiphi isisulu, ngisho nesishubile. Ngosizo lwe-GPS beacon, kubhalwe ikesi lebhele le-polar elihamba ngejubane elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angama-600. ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje.
Abantu abadlayo njengamabhere amakhulu amakhulu angahlasela izilwane ezinkulu njengezimpawu, namuhla nazo ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezinendawo yokuhlala yamabhere amakhulu, kudingeka uqaphele kakhulu futhi uhambe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngokucophelela indawo ezungezile ukuze ungangeni emgodini webhere noma induku yokuxhuma eyindoda elambile.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Giant Polar Bear
Izilwane zazihlala zodwa, zazingenayo isimiso somhlambi. Abesilisa abodwa bahlala ngokuthula komunye nomunye, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhwelana bekuhlale kunezimpi ezinolaka zokutholwa kwabesifazane. Izilwane ezindala zingahlasela amawundlu amancane futhi ziwadle ngesikhathi esilambile sonyaka.
Imikhuba yamadoda yenzeka entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo: kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuJuni. Owesifazane wayevame ukutholwa ngabancintisana abaningana, kepha ukunqoba kwakuhlala kuya kwabanamandla futhi abafanele kakhulu. Abesifazane abakhulelwe bemba umgodi endaweni esogwini, lapho, endaweni efudumele futhi evikelekile emehlweni abukhali, baletha inzalo - 2 noma 3 amawundlu.
Amabhere amakhulu ase-polar ayengavundile kakhulu. Lezi zinhlayiya ezidlayo zazinamandla aphansi okuzala. Insikazi yazala inzalo kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2-3, kepha hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kwengu-8. I-shere ilele emgodini maphakathi nekwindla, esigabeni sokufihlwa sokukhulelwa, esathatha izinsuku ezingama-250. Inzalo yavela ekupheleni kobusika, kepha eyensikazi yahlala ithule kwaze kwaba ngu-Ephreli. Kudoti, kuvame ukuzalwa kuze kube amawundlu amaningana. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, owesifazane ondle izingane ezingekho ngaphezulu kwe-15.
Usana olusanda kuzalwa lwalunesisindo esiphakathi kuka-450 no-700 amagremu. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, umama akazange ashiye umgodi izinyanga ezi-3, bese umndeni ushiya i-rookery yawo waqala ukuhamba kulo lonke elase-Arctic. Kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1.5, owesifazane wayondla ngokuphelele inzalo ngobisi lwakhe futhi wakhulisa izingane, ebafundisa izisekelo zokuzingela ebusika nokudoba iqhwa.
Izitha zemvelo zebhere elikhulu kakhulu
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu
Isilwane esikhulu futhi esinamandla sasingenakulingana endaweni yaso yemvelo. Isilwane esigulayo noma esilimele singahlaselwa ngophawu noma umkhomo obulalayo. Amawundlu amancane asele ngaphandle kokuvikelwa komama ayevame ukuhlaselwa yizimpisi noma nezimpungushe ezibandayo.
Kulezi zinsuku, isitha esiyinhloko senzalo yebhere elikhulu lase-polar ngabazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho, abathi, naphezu kokuvinjelwa, badubule lezi zilwane ngenxa yesikhumba esihle nenyama yebhere emnandi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu
Ezimweni ezinzima zasenyakatho, amabhere amakhulu ase-polar ahlala ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30, namuhla inzalo yawo ekuthunjweni ingaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40. Lapho abesilisa abamhlophe beweliswa nabesifazane abansundu, kutholakala ama-hybrids noma ama-grizzlies akwe-polar. Lezi zilwane zinamandla nokukhuthazela kwamabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme, nokuhlakanipha nokuhamba kwezilwane ezinsundu.
Inani lezilwane zomndeni webhere namuhla lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-25 emhlabeni wonke, eRussia - kuze kube yizinkulungwane eziyi-7. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kuhlelwe ukwenza ukubalwa kwabantu okuhleliwe kwamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo eRussia Federation ukuze kuqoshwe ngokuphelele futhi kugcinwe inani labo eliphelele.
Polar bear bear
Isithombe: I-Giant Polar Bear
Abasenyakatho nabantu bendawo bazingela amabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme, bathola izikhumba ezinhle futhi badla inyama. E-Russian Federation, ukuzingela amabhere akuvunyelwe, futhi e-USA, Canada naseGreenland kunqunyelwe. Kunezilinganiso ezivinjelwe zokuzingela amabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo, ezivumela ukulawula ukukhula kwabantu, kepha zingakuvumeli ukuthi zibhujiswe ngokuphelele.
Njengoba inani lamabhere asezindaweni eziphakeme libhalwe ku-International Red Book naseRed Book laseRussia, livikelwe ngumthetho. Ngokuzala okuhamba kancane nokufa okuphezulu kwezilwane ezisencane, ukwanda okuhamba kancane enanini lalezi zilwane kuyenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela kwamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo akuvunyelwe eRussia.
Kukhona indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo esiQhingini saseWrangel, lapho kukhula khona inani labantu elisebenzayo. Ngo-2016, inani lamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo eRussia lalingaphezu kwabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha.
Ibhere elikhulu kakhulu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo waphila emhlabeni wethu. Namuhla, ohulumeni bamazwe amaningi bathatha izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokugcina nokwandisa inani lamabhere. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi lezi zilwane ezinkulu zizozala kabusha ngentshiseko esifundeni esisenyakatho futhi ngeke zinyamalale, njengokhokho bazo ebusweni bomhlaba, kushiye izinsalela ezimbalwa zangaphambi komlando wazo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 05.03.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-18: 44
