Ibhungane - mhlawumbe ibhungane elibonakala kakhulu eYurophu naseRussia. Ukuthandwa okunjalo kwalethwa kuye ngokubukeka okuthile nobukhulu obukhulu. "Izimpondo" zoqobo zivusa isithakazelo esikhulu futhi zibambe iso. Kodwa-ke, ibhungane le-stag alithandeki ngokubukeka kwalo okungavamile kuphela. Lesi silwane sehluke ngempela futhi sifanelwe ukunakwa okufanele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: ibhungane
Izinyoni ezingama-Stag zibizwa ngokuthi uLucanus, okusho ukuthi "ukuhlala eLucania". Ezweni lakubo, zisetshenziswa njengeziphonso. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli gama lanikezwa lonke uhlobo, namuhla olunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingamashumi amahlanu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuphela kwavela igama elijwayelekile - "inyamazane" njengendluzele, ekhonjiswe ukubonakala kwesilwane ngokungavamile.
Isinambuzane esinezimpondo ezingavamile ngummeleli omkhulu wamabhungane eYurophu. Okomndeni we-Stag. Izimpondo zesinambuzane zikhulu kakhulu, ngokushesha zigqama ngemuva kwesizinda somzimba. Ameva amancane angabonakala ebusweni bawo. Izipikili zineziphetho ezicijile ezingena ngaphakathi.
Ividiyo: Ibhungane
Ubude besilisa buvame ukufika kumasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili, kuthi owesifazane abe uhhafu omncane - ngokwesilinganiso, amasentimitha amane. Kodwa-ke, kusanda kutholakala ophethe irekhodi eTurkey. Ubude bayo babungamasentimitha ayishumi. Lokho ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi izimpondo zebhungane akuzona izimpondo empeleni. Lezi ziguqule imihlathi ephezulu.
Zisebenza njengendlela yokuzivikela ezitheni zemvelo, abasizi ekutholeni ukudla, umhlobiso wangempela wezinhlobo. Le mihlathi inombala obomvu kancane. Zingadlula ngisho nobukhulu bawo wonke umzimba wesinambuzane futhi endizeni ivame ukudlula isifuba nesisu. Ngalesi sizathu, amabhungane aphoqeleka ukuba andize ame mpo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-Beetle deer Red Book
I-Stag beetle yisinambuzane esikhulu kakhulu. Umzimba wakhe uqukethe isisu, isifuba, ikhanda. Isisu simbozwe ngokuphelele yi-elytra, futhi izinhlayiya ezintathu zemilenze ziyabonakala esifubeni. Amehlo esilwane atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamilimitha ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu, kufaka phakathi izimpondo. Abesilisa abanobukhulu obunjalo. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu - ubude bomzimba wabo abudluli amamilimitha angamashumi amahlanu nesikhombisa.
Abesifazane abagcini nje ngokuba bancane, kepha futhi babukeka bejwayelekile. Bantula umhlobiso oyinhloko - izimpondo ezinkulu ezibomvu. Imilenze, ikhanda, ingaphambili lesifuba, i-scutellum, phansi kwawo wonke umzimba wenyamazane yezinyamazane kumnyama. Inhlanganisela yomzimba omnyama enezimpondo ezibomvu yenza ibhungane libe lihle ngokungavamile. Kunzima ukumdida nomunye umuntu. Eziduna zisebenzisa izimpondo ezinkulu kuphela kuma-duels nabanye abamele izinambuzane, namanye amaduna.
Abesifazane baphucwa izikhali ezinjalo, ngakho-ke basebenzisa imihlathi yabo ebukhali ukuvikela. Banamandla amakhulu. Insikazi ikwazi ngisho ukuluma ngesikhumba esinolaka, ngokwesibonelo, njengeminwe yomuntu omdala. Naphezu kwemihlathi ekhuliswe kahle, izimpondo ezinkulu, amandla amakhulu omzimba, amabhungane ama-stagle awadli ukudla esimweni esiqinile. Zonke lezi zesekeli zisetshenziselwa ukuvikela kuphela uma kunengozi.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane?
Isithombe: owesilisa we-stag beetle
I-stag beetle yisinambuzane esivamile.
Uhlala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba:
- eYurophu - kusuka eSweden kuya eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan. Kodwa kwamanye amazwe, lolu hlobo lwesilwane seluphelile. Sikhuluma nge-Estonia, iDenmark, iLithuania neningi lase-UK;
- kwamanye amazwe ashisayo - Asia, Turkey, North Africa, Iran;
- eRussia. Leli bhungane lisabalele kakhulu engxenyeni yezwe laseYurophu. Abantu bendawo bayaziwa ezindaweni zePenza, Kursk, Voronezh. Enyakatho, amabhungane abonakale eSamara, ePskov, eRyazan nakwezinye izindawo eziningi;
- eCrimea. Kule nhlonhlo, izinyoni eziyizinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba namahlathi;
- e-Ukraine. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zihlala cishe kuyo yonke insimu yase-Ukraine. Inani elikhulu labantu litholakala ezifundeni zaseChernigov naseKharkov;
- eKazakhstan, ungahlangana kaningi nendluzele enhle. Amabhungane ahlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini ahlabayo, emahlathini nasezindaweni eziseduze noMfula i-Ural.
Indawo okukhona kuyo ama-stag beetle populations ihlobene ne-biotype yayo. Inambuzane ingeyezinhlobo zemesophilic. Izilwane ezinjalo zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini ahlabayo, ikakhulukazi lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ze-oki. Kulokhu, uhlobo lwesayithi aludlali indima. Izinambuzane zihlala ezindaweni ezicacile nezinezintaba. Kungalesosikhathi kuphela lapho ibhungane litholakala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe namapaki amadala.
NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwamanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi eGreat Britain, ukutholakala kwebhungane kwakuthathwa njengophawu olungenamusa. Ngakho-ke, abanini mhlaba babekholelwa ukuthi lesi sinambuzane sasifanekisela ukufa okuseduze kwaso sonke isivuno.
Yini edliwa yindluzele?
Isithombe: ibhungane
Imihlathi enamandla, izimpondo ezicijile, amandla omzimba avumela ibhungane ukuba lidle ukudla okuqinile. Kodwa-ke, abameleli balezi zinhlobo bakhetha ukudla kuphela ubusi bezihlahla nezinye izitshalo. Kodwa-ke, futhi udinga ukuzama ukuthola ukudla okunjalo. Amanzi esihlahleni akuvamile ukuba aphumele ngaphandle ngokwawo. Ukuze ithole ingxenye ethile yokudla, leli bhungane kufanele lidle amagxolo ezihlahla ngemihlathi yalo enamandla. Lapho ujusi uphumela ngaphandle, lesi sinambuzane simane siyikhothe.
Uma ijusi lincane ibhungane liya kwesinye isihlahla noma isitshalo esinamanzi. Uma kunokudla okwanele, khona-ke ibhungane lezinyamazane liqala ukuziphatha ngokuzola. Ulaka lwayo lwemvelo luphela ngemuva futhi isinambuzane sidla ngokuthula isikhathi esithile endaweni efanayo. I-stag stag ingukutholwa kwangempela kwabathandi abangaphandle. Abantu abaningi bagcina lezi zinambuzane emakhaya. Isiraphu yeshukela noma isixazululo samanzi soju sisetshenziselwa ukondla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhungane le-Stag elivela eRed Book
Ungabona ibhungane labantu abadala elidala kakade ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi. Ikakhulukazi inani labo labantu likhulu ezindaweni lapho kukhula khona izihlahla ze-oki. Emini, lezi zilwane zibonisa umsebenzi omncane. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ngokuthula esihlahleni usuku lonke, bathamele ilanga. Zifuna ukudla, amabhungane ezinyamazana ayaphuma lapho kuhwalala.
Akuzona zonke izinambuzane zalolu hlobo ezinamathela empilweni yasebusuku, ukudla okunomsoco. Labo abahlala eningizimu yeYurophu bakhetha ukuba matasa emini. Baphumula ebusuku. Isinambuzane singandiza cishe amakhilomitha amathathu ngosuku. Amabanga anjalo anqotshwa kalula ngabesilisa. Izinsikazi azisebenzi kangako, hambisa kancane.
Ukundiza kwebhungane kuyindida kakhulu. Zindiza kanzima kakhulu futhi zenza umsindo omkhulu lapho zenzeka. Izinambuzane azivamile ukuphumelela ukusuka emhlabathini noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo evundlile. Ngalesi sizathu, kufanele bawe emagatsheni ezihlahla noma ezihlahleni ukuze basuke. Ngesikhathi sendiza uqobo lwayo, abesilisa baphoqeleka ukunamathela endaweni ecishe ime mpo. Lokhu kungenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, isisindo esimangazayo sezimpondo.
I-stag beetle enamandla iyisimo sokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, ulaka lutholakala kuphela kwabesilisa. Abesifazane abakhombisi ubudlova babo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Abesilisa bavame ukuncintisana bodwa. Isihloko "sokuphikisana" kungaba ukudla noma owesifazane. Ngesikhathi sempi, abaphikisi bahlaselana ngezimpondo ezinamandla. Ngosizo lwabo, bazama ukulahla isitha esihlahleni.
Naphezu kwamandla ezimpondo zebhungane, izimpi phakathi kwabesilisa azipheli ngokufa. Izimpondo azikwazi ukugqekeza umzimba webhungane, zingalimaza kuphela. Impi iphela ngokuthi omunye wabesilisa aphoqeleke ukuthi anikele ngokudla noma owesifazane aye kolunye.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Stag stag
Ngokwesakhiwo senhlalo, izikhundla eziphambili zobuholi ezabesilisa. Abesilisa bangancintisana ngokuqondene nowesifazane noma ukudla.
Inqubo yokwelula uhlobo lohlobo lwamabhungane ezinyamazane ingavezwa ngezigaba:
- Ukuheha abesilisa. Insikazi iyadideka ngokuqhubeka kohlobo. Ubheka indawo efanele esihlahleni, adle amagxolo ukuheha iduna ngejusi. Ukugcizelela izinhloso zakhe, insikazi isakaza indle yayo ngaphansi kwegxolo elinyiwe.
- Ukukhetha okuqine kakhulu. Abesifazane bakhwelana nabesilisa abanamandla kuphela. Abantu abaningi bathutheleka enhlanzini yesihlahla. Kodwa-ke, lapho bebona indle, bakhohlwa ngokudla bese beqala ukuncintisana bodwa besifazane. Amanye amabhungane abuthakathaka aqedwa ngokwawo. Kusele kuphela abanesibindi esikhulu ukulwa.
- Ukumatanisa. Oqine kakhulu uba yilowo ongaletha bonke izimbangi phansi. Ngemuva kokunqoba, abesilisa nabesifazane, bese bebalekela ebhizinisini lakhe. Ukuzala kwenzeka ngokocansi.
- Ukubeka amaqanda. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi izalela amaqanda. Ukwenza lokhu, ukhetha iziphunzi ezomile, izihlahla. Kukhona amaqanda akhula ngokuhamba kwenyanga.
- Isigaba seLarva. Izibungu ze-stag beetle zingafinyelela isentimitha elilodwa ngobude. Ngenkathi yokukhula kwazo, zondla izinhlayiya zezinkuni ezifile.
- Ushintsho lweChrysalis. Uma isibungu singafika ngaphezulu, isiphungumangathi siqala ukukhula kwaso ngaphansi komhlaba. Inqubo ivame ukuqala ekwindla futhi iphele entwasahlobo.
- Impilo yebhungane endala. Entwasahlobo, isiphungumangathi siphenduka sibe njengendluzele endala ebukekayo. Isikhathi sokuphila komuntu omdala ngokuvamile asidluli inyanga eyodwa. Kodwa emvelweni, kwakukhona nabayikhulu. Ukuphila kwabo okusebenzayo kwakuyizinyanga ezimbili.
Izitha zemvelo zebhungane
Isithombe: Beetle Deer (inyamazane)
Izinyoni ezindala kakhulu zivame ukulwa phakathi kwazo. Abesilisa banesimo esinjengempi, abalwela njalo ukudla okungcono kakhulu nabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, izimpi ezinjalo aziyona ingozi enkulu esilwaneni. Ziphela ngokuthula noma ngomonakalo omncane nje. Amabhungane ezinyoni angenakuzivikela asesigabeni sebungu. Abakwazi ukunikela ngisho nokumelana okuncane. Isitha esiyingozi kakhulu sebhungane ngalesi sikhathi yi-scolia wasp. I-scoliosis wasp ingakhubaza ngokuphelele isibungu esikhulu se-stag ngesiluma esisodwa nje. Iminyovu isebenzisa umzimba wesibungu ukubeka amaqanda ayo.
Amaxhaphozi amadala ahlushwa ikakhulukazi izinyoni. Bahlaselwa amagwababa echobana, izikhova, izikhova. Izinyoni zizitika ngezisu zazo kuphela. Zonke ezinye izinambuzane zihlala zinjalo. Kodwa-ke, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu sezinyoni ezingama-stag abantu. Emazweni amaningi lezi zinambuzane zizingelwa ngabathandi bezinye izizwe nabaqoqi. Ukuqoqa amabhungane kuholela ekwehleni okuphawulekayo kwamanani abo ngisho nasekuqothulweni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhungane le-Stag elivela eRed Book
I-stag beetle iyinhlobo esengozini yokuqothulwa. Inani lezinambuzane ezinjalo lehla ngesilinganiso esisheshayo minyaka yonke.
Lokhu kuthonywe yizici eziningi, phakathi kwazo ezihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi:
- imvelo embi engayilimazi imvelo. Le nkinga ibalulekile kunoma yiliphi izwekazi. Umoya, amanzi, inhlabathi kungcoliswe kakhulu;
- imisebenzi yehlathi engalawulwa. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa amabhungane ama-stag endaweni yawo yemvelo, ikhaya nokudla;
- ukutholakala kwezibulala-zinambuzane kanye nezinye izibulala-zinambuzane eziyingozi emhlabathini. Lesi sici sithinta inani cishe lazo zonke izinambuzane;
- ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu. Ukubona ibhungane elihle eliyindluzele, kunzima ukuzibamba ekubabazeleni ukubabaza. Abanye abantu abagcini lapho. Babamba izinambuzane ukuzijabulisa noma ukuthola iqoqo labo. Kwamanye amazwe, kusenziwa iziphandla zezindluzele, ezithengiswa ngemali eningi.
Lezi nezinye izinto eziningi ezingezinhle zinciphisa ngokushesha inani lezindluzele emhlabeni wonke. Namuhla lesi silwane sisengozini, futhi sibhalwe kuRed Book. Futhi ngo-1982, inyamazane yensikazi yayibekwe ohlwini lweBerne Convention. Ukuze zisekele izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka emazweni athile, leli bhungane eliyinyamazane likhethwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa yisinambuzane sonyaka.
Unogada wezinyamazane
Isithombe: ibhungane
I-stag beetle ibhalwe kuRed Book yamazwe amaningi, ikakhulukazi aseYurophu. Kwezinye zazo kwathiwa sekuyizilwane ezingasekho, ngokwesibonelo eDenmark. I-stag beetle ivikelwe ngumthetho eRussia, Kazakhstan, Great Britain, Spain nezinye izifundazwe eziningi. Ososayensi emazweni amaningi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngokwehla okukhulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwenani lamabhungane ama-stag, ngakho-ke, bathatha izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene ukulondoloza lezi zinhlobo.
Ngakho-ke, e-UK, e-Ukraine naseSpain, kwethulwe izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokufunda ibhungane lezinyamazane. Amaqembu wokuqapha afunda ngobuningi ngokuningiliziwe, alandele ukwanda kwesinambuzane. ERussia, kudaleke izimo ezifanele kakhulu zokuhlala izigaxa eziyizinyoni ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezigcinwayo. Lapho, lolu hlobo luvikelwe nguhulumeni.
Kwamanye amazwe, umsebenzi wokufinyelela wenziwa ngenkuthalo nabantu. Ikakhulukazi izinyathelo ezinjalo zithathwa maqondana nentsha. Bafakwa emfundweni efanele yemvelo. Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, izifundazwe eziningi zaqala ukukhawulela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi amadala e-oki nama-oki. Ziyindawo engcono kakhulu yokuphila nokuzala kabusha amabhungane ama-stag. Ibhungane - isinambuzane esihle, esingajwayelekile, esihlukaniswa ukubukeka kwaso okukhanyayo nobukhulu obukhulu. Ama-stag mabhungane asengcupheni yokuqothulwa, ngakho-ke, adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokuvikelwa kusuka kuhulumeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 13.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-13: 24
