Ingwenya ehlanganisiwe yathola igama layo kusukela ekubeni khona kwezinsimbi endaweni yezinhlamvu zamehlo. Zikhula ngosayizi nobuningi ngeminyaka. Ingwenya ehlanganisiwe noma yasawoti ingenye yezinhlobo zasendulo ezihuquzelayo emhlabeni. Ubukhulu bayo nokubukeka kwayo kumangalisa nje futhi kuletha ukwesaba nokushaqeka kwasendle. Ingesinye sezilwane ezinamandla kakhulu futhi ezinkulu kunazo zonke, edlula ngisho nebhere lasepolar ngosayizi namandla.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ingwenya enosawoti
Izingwenya ezikhujiwe ziyizilwane ezihuquzelayo futhi zingabameleli bohlelo lwezingwenya, umndeni nohlobo lwezingwenya zangempela, ezabiwe ngendlela yezingwenya ezihlanganisiwe. Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lubhekwa njengesinye sezidalwa ezindala kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngokusho kososayensi, baphuma kubathenwa be-crocodilmorphous.
Lezi zidalwa zazihlala emizimbeni yamanzi eduze nezwekazi laseGondwana eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyikhulu edlule. Ngokumangazayo, bakwazi ukusinda ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene. Izinsalela zesirhubuluzi sasendulo zitholakale esifundeni esisentshonalanga yeQueensland. Ngokusho kwedatha yomlando, kwake kwaba nolwandle kule ndawo. Izinsalela zamathambo zibonisa ukuthi isilwane esihuquzelayo salezo zikhathi sasikwazi ukwenza ukushintshana okubulalayo.
Ososayensi abakwazi ukusho inkathi ethile yokuvela kwengwenya eseqhekekile, njengohlobo oluhlukile. Izinsalela zokuqala zezingwenya ezihlanganisiwe cishe zineminyaka engama-4.5 - 5 million ubudala. Ngaphandle, izingwenya ezihlanganisiwe zifana kakhulu nezingwenya zasePhilippines, eNew Guinea noma e-Australia. Kepha ukuqhathanisa kofuzo kukhombisa ukufana nezinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zase-Asia.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ingwenya Enosawoti Incwadi Ebomvu
Ukuvela kwesirhubuluzi esiyingozi futhi esinamandla kuyamangaza futhi kuyesabeka. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha. Isisindo somzimba 750 - 900 kilograms.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isisindo sekhanda elilodwa kwamanye amadoda amakhulu sifinyelela kumathani amabili! Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zibonisa ukufiphala kocansi. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu futhi balula kunabesilisa. Isisindo somzimba sabesifazane sicishe sibe yingxenye yalokho, kanti ubude bomzimba abudluli kumamitha amathathu.
Umzimba uyisicaba futhi unamandla, ugeleza kahle ngomsila omkhulu. Ubude bayo bungaphezu kwengxenye yobude bomzimba. Umzimba okhuluphele kakhulu usekelwa yimilenze emifushane, enamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingwenya ezi-crested bezingezama-alligator isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kocwaningo badluliselwa emndenini nasezinhlotsheni zezingwenya zangempela.
Ividiyo: ingwenya ehlanganisiwe
Izingwenya zinomlomo omude onemihlathi emikhulu enamandla. Anamandla ngendlela eyisimanga futhi anamazinyo abukhali angama-64-68. Akekho ongakwazi ukuvula imihlathi evaliwe. Inhloko inamehlo amancane, abheke phezulu kanye nemigqa emibili yamagquma aqala ukusuka emehlweni kuya ekugcineni kwempumu.
Indawo yangemuva nesisu imbozwe izikali, ezingadluli ngeminyaka, njengabamele ezinye izinhlobo. Umbala wesikhumba unombala onsundu noma oluhlaza okotshani ngombala womnqumo. Lo mbala ukuvumela ukuthi uhlale unganakile lapho uhlaselwa lapho uzingelwa. Amajita alula, aphuzi ngombala anemivimbo emnyama namabala emzimbeni wonke.
Ngeminyaka engu-6-10, umbala wezilwane ezihuquzelayo uba mnyama kakhulu ngombala. Ngokukhula, amabala nemivimbo kuye kungabonakali kakhulu futhi kukhanye, kepha ungalokothi unyamalale ngokuphelele. Isisu nezitho ezingezansi kukhanya kakhulu, kucishe kuphuzi ngombala. Ingaphakathi lomsila limpunga ngemivimbo emnyama.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zinamehlo amahle kakhulu. Bakwazi ukubona ngokuphelele emanzini nasemhlabeni, kude kakhulu. Lapho isemanzini, amehlo ambozwe ifilimu ekhethekile yokuvikela. Izingwenya ezinosawoti zinikezwe ukuzwa okuhle kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho zisabela ekuthombaneni okuncane, okuzwakalayo. Umzimba wengwenya ehlanganisiwe ufakwe izindlala ezikhethekile eziwuhlanza ngosawoti oweqile. Ngenxa yalokhu, ayikwazi ukuhlala hhayi okusha kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemanzini olwandle anosawoti.
Ihlala kuphi ingwenya?
Isithombe: Ingwenya enkulu ehlanganisiwe
Namuhla indawo yokuhlala yezingwenya esezidlile yehle kakhulu.
Indawo yengwenya enosawoti:
- I-Indonesia;
- IVietnam;
- Izifunda zaseMpumalanga zaseNdiya;
- ENew Guinea;
- Australia;
- EPhilippines;
- ENingizimu-mpumalanga Asia;
- IJapan (abantu abangashadile).
Iningi lezilwane ezidla inyama zigxile emanzini e-Indian, Pacific Ocean, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ye-Australia. Lolu hlobo lwengwenya luhlukaniswa ngamandla alo okubhukuda kahle nokuhamba amabanga amade. Ngenxa yaleli khono, zikwazi ngisho nokubhukuda zingene olwandle oluvulekile futhi zihlale lapho inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Abesilisa bavame ukumboza amabanga afinyelela ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha; abesifazane bangabhukuda isigamu kakhulu. Bangazizwa bekhululekile emzimbeni omncane wamanzi. Bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuhlala emadamini anamanzi ahlanzekile nosawoti.
Izindawo ezithulile, ezinokuthula nezinamanzi ajulile, ama-savanna, indawo eyisicaba enezimila eziphakeme, kanye nemilambo yemifula kanye nogu lolwandle kubhekwa njengezindawo ezinhle. Lapho izilwane ezihuquzelayo zizithola zisemanzini avulekile olwandle noma olwandle, zikhetha ukubhukuda nokugeleza kunokuhamba ngenkuthalo.
Iningi lalezi zilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinamandla nezidlayo zithanda isimo sezulu esifudumele, nemithombo emincane yamanzi - amaxhaphozi, imilomo yemifula. Ngokuqala kwesomiso esikhulu, zehlela khona kanye emlonyeni wemifula.
Yini edliwa yingwenya ehlanganisiwe?
Isithombe: Ingwenya enosawoti
Izingwenya zamanzi anosawoti yizona ezidla kakhulu, ezinobuqili futhi eziyingozi kakhulu. Ohlangothini lokudla, kuthatha isinyathelo esiphakeme kakhulu. Isisekelo sokudla siyinyama, edinga isilwane esinamandla nesikhulu kangaka ngobuningi. Isilwane sidla inyama entsha kuphela. Akasoze asebenzise isidumbu, ngaphandle kwezimo lapho esesimweni esibuthakathaka. Abantu abasha nabesifazane bangadla izinambuzane ezinkulu nezincane, ngisho nezingenamgogodla. Ezinkulu, ezincane zamaduna zidinga inyamazane enkulu kakhulu futhi enkudlwana.
Isisekelo sokudla kwengwenya ehlanganisiwe yile:
- i-wildebeest;
- Izinyathi zase-Afrika;
- izimfudu;
- izingulube zasendle;
- oshaka nezinhlanzi ezinobukhulu obukhulu ikakhulukazi;
- izinyamazane;
- ama-tapir;
- ikhangaru;
- izingwe;
- amaBhele;
- izimpethu.
Embusweni wezilwane, izingwenya ezikhujiwe zibhekwa njengezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu. Badla yonke into, bangadeleli ngisho nabantu nezinye izingwenya, kufaka phakathi abamele izinhlobo zabo, abancane nabancane kuphela. Abanawo alingana namakhono okuzingela. Izingwenya zingacasha isikhathi eside emanzini noma ezihlahleni zohlaza.
Lapho isisulu sesisondele, umhlaseli ophethe umbani ugijimela kuyo avale imihlathi ngokubamba ukufa. Awayona imvelo ekubulaleni, kepha abamba isisulu ukuthi sizungeze ama-eksisi omzimba waso futhi sidabule izicucu. Ingwenya ingagwinya ucezu ngasikhathi sinye, olingana ngesisindo nengxenye yesisindo somzimba wayo.
Uma uthi nhlá, ingwenya ibonakala iyisilwane esixakile nesicashile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kungumbono oyiphutha ojulile. Unqoba kalula izithiyo, ngenkathi ekuzingeleni angakwazi ukukhuphuka umqansa, ugu olunamadwala namatshe ashelelayo. Ngesikhathi sokufuna inyamazane emanzini, iba nesivinini esifinyelela ku-35 km / h.
Inani elikhulu lokudla okudliwayo licutshungulwa libe izicubu ze-adipose. Kuyasiza isilwanyane ukuthi sikhuthazelele kalula ukungabikho komthombo wokudla. Ngesamba esanele sezicubu ze-adipose, abanye abantu bangaba khona kalula ngaphandle kokudla kusuka ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya onyakeni. Izidliwayo zinamatshe esiswini asiza ukugaya izingcezu zenyama eziyigwinya iphelele.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ingwenya ehlanganisiwe evela eRed Book
Izingwenya zamanzi anosawoti yizilwane eziyingozi kakhulu, ezinobuqili nezihlakaniphile. Ngamandla, amandla nobuqili, abanabancintisana emvelweni. Kungaba khona emanzini amasha nasasawoti. Ekufuneni ukudla nasenkambweni yokuzingela, bangahamba amabanga abalulekile, baphumele olwandle oluvulekile futhi bahlale khona isikhathi eside. Umsila omude onamandla, osebenza njengephini lokuqondisa, usiza ukuhamba emanzini.
Emifuleni, isikhathi eside futhi okuningi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo azijwayele ukunyakaza. Izilwane ezizenzelayo azinomqondo womhlambi. Bangaphila njengeqembu, kepha kaningi bakhetha indlela yokuphila bodwa.
Izingwenya ezinosawoti azibekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Zikhetha ukucwilisa emanzini bese zilinda ukushisa okukhulu lapho. Lapho izinga lokushisa elizungezile lehla, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zifuna izindawo ezifudumele, amadwala namatshe anendawo efudumele yelanga. Abazingeli abanobuqili babhekwa njengabahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi abahlelekile. Bavame ukuxhumana omunye nomunye ngemisindo ethile. Ngesikhathi somshado, kanye nasemzabalazweni wensimu, bangaba nolaka ngokwedlulele kwabanye abamele izinhlobo zabo. Ukuphambana okunjalo kuyesabisa futhi kuvame ukubulala.
Umhlambi ngamunye noma omncane unensimu yawo, evikelwe ekuhlaselweni abanye abantu. Abesifazane bahlala endaweni engaba yikhilomitha elilodwa lesikwele futhi bayivikele ekuhlaselweni kwamanye abesifazane. Abesilisa bahlanganisa indawo enkulu, efaka uhla lwezinsikazi eziningana nendawo enamanzi angenasawoti efanelekile ukuzalanisa. Abesilisa banolaka kakhulu kwabanye abesilisa, kepha bayabasekela abesifazane. Bakulungele ngisho nokuhlanganyela inyamazane yabo nabo.
Abantu ababangeli ukwesaba ezihuquzelayo. Akuvamile ukubahlasela njengezisulu. Lesi simo sijwayelekile ezifundeni lapho izingxenyana ezinkulu zezilwane ezihlasela izilwane ziholela ekusweleni okukhulu kokudla. Futhi, ukuhlaselwa kwabantu kwenzeka uma kwenzeka umuntu eba budedengu noma esongela izingwenya ezincane noma amaqanda abekiwe.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ingwenya enkulu ehlanganisiwe
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidlayo siqala ngoNovemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunesifiso sokusondela emanzini amasha. Imvamisa kuba nomzabalazo phakathi kwamadoda wesiza esiseduze nedamu. Abesilisa bavame ukudala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-harems", okuyisibalo esingaphezu kweshumi kwabesifazane.
Ukudalwa nokuhlelwa kwesidleke ukunakekelwa okuwela ngokuphelele emahlombe abesifazane. Zakha izidleke ezinkulu ezifinyelela kumamitha ayi-7-8 ubude nangaphezulu kwemitha ububanzi bese zizibeka egqumeni ukuze imvula ingayibhubhisi. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi izalela amaqanda esidlekeni. Inani lamaqanda lingahluka futhi lisuke izingcezu ezingama-25 kuye kwezingama-95.
Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, ubamba ngokucophelela amaqanda abekiwe ngamaqabunga nangotshani obuluhlaza. Cishe emva kwezinyanga ezintathu, kuzwakala umsindo omfushane ongazwakali ophuma esidlekeni. Ngakho-ke, izingwenya ezincane zibiza umama wazo ukuze azisize, ukuze azisize zisuse iqanda leqanda. Sonke lesi sikhathi, insikazi ihlala njalo ibona isidleke sayo futhi iyasigada ngokucophelela.
Izingwenya ezincane zizalwa zincane kakhulu. Usayizi womzimba wezingane ezizalwayo ungamasentimitha angama-20-30. Ubuningi abudluli amagremu ayikhulu. Kodwa-ke, izingwenya zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ziqine futhi zithole isisindo somzimba. Owesifazane unakekela inzalo yakhe izinyanga eziyi-6-7. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa nokuvikelwa, izinga lokusinda kuyaqabukela lidlula iphesenti elilodwa. Isabelo sebhubesi senzalo siyabhubha ngokulwa nabantu abadala futhi abanamandla, futhi futhi baba yizisulu zezingwenya - amazimuzimu.
Izazi zeZoologists ziqaphele ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile esidlekeni lingama-31.5 degrees, iningi labesilisa lichamisela emaqandeni. Lokhu kushisa kugcinwa uhlaza olubolayo olwalusendlekeni. Uma umbuso wezinga lokushisa uguquguquka ngokuya ngokuncipha noma ngokwanda, khona-ke abesifazane bayanqoba ezinganeni ezizelwe. Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngeminyaka eyi-10-12, abesilisa kuphela kusuka eminyakeni eyi-15, 16.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abesifazane abanobude bomzimba obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2.2 nabesilisa abanobude bomzimba obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3.2 bakulungele ukukhwelana. Isikhathi sokuphila sengwenya ehlanganisiwe yiminyaka engama-65-75. Imvamisa kuba neminyaka eyikhulu ephila kuze kube yiminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu.
Izitha zemvelo zengwenya ehlanganisiwe
Isithombe: Ingwenya enosawoti
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izingwenya ezihlanganisiwe cishe azinazitha. Ezimweni ezingavamile, bangaba izisulu zoshaka abakhulu. Isitha esikhulu somuntu ngumuntu. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe wokuzingela ngokungemthetho, lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezihuquzelayo lwalusengcupheni yokuqothulwa. AmaJuveniles, kanye namaqanda ezingwenya ezikhujiwe, athathwa njengabasengozini enkulu yezilwane ezahlukahlukene.
Izidliwayo ezingabhubhisa izidleke noma zihlasele amawundlu:
- Ukuqapha izibankwa;
- Izimfudu ezinkulu;
- Izindwandwe;
- Amagwababa;
- OKlebe;
- I-Felines;
- Izinhlanzi ezinkulu ezidlayo.
Abesilisa abadala, abanamandla bavame ukudla abantu abancane nababuthakathaka. Ngaphakathi ekujuleni kolwandle, oshaka bayingozi enkulu ezinganeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ingwenya ehlanganisiwe emvelweni
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, inani lezingwenya ezihlanganisiwe lehla laba sezingeni elibucayi. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zabhujiswa ngobuningi bazo ngenxa yenani lesikhumba nokuthi kungenzeka zenze imikhiqizo ebizayo. Lolu hlobo lwengwenya lwalubhalwe kuRed Book enesimo sokuthi “sisengozini”. Ezifundeni zendawo ehlala kuyo, ukubhujiswa kwezingwenya ezomisiwe akuvumelekile ngokomthetho futhi kujeziswa ngumthetho. Emazweni lapho izingwenya zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, isikhumba saso saziswa kakhulu, futhi izitsha zenyama yezilwane ezihuquzelayo zibhekwa njengesibiliboco esikhethekile.
Ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo ejwayelekile ngabantu nakho kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwabantu. Emazweni amaningi, lapho izilwane ezazidla izilwane ngaphambili zazithathwa njengezilwane ezijwayelekile, manje seziqothulwe ngokuphelele. Isibonelo esinjalo yiSri Lanka neThailand, ngobuningi basala eJapan. Esifundeni esiseningizimu yeVietnam, izilwane ezihuquzelayo zazihlala ezinkulungwaneni. Kamuva, kwabhujiswa abantu abangafika emakhulwini amaningana. Namuhla, ngokusho kwezazi zezilwane, inani lalezi zilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinkulu lidlula abantu abangu-200 000. Namuhla, ingwenya ehlanganisiwe ibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezingavamile, kodwa hhayi engozini.
Ukuvikelwa kwengwenya okubanjelwe
Isithombe: Ingwenya Enosawoti Incwadi Ebomvu
Ukuze kuvikelwe isilwane esihuquzelayo njengesilwane, nokuvikela ukuqothulwa ngokuphelele, ingwenya ehlanganisiwe ibhalwe encwadini ebomvu yamazwe omhlaba. Kubhalwe nakuSithasiselo 1 somhlangano wamadolobha, ngaphandle kweNew Guinea, Australia, Indonesia. Izinyathelo ezithathwe endaweni yamazwe amaningi ukonga nokwandisa izinhlobo azizange zinikeze mthelela.
ENdiya, uhlelo oluyisipesheli lokuvikelwa komzingeli omele igazi selwenziwe futhi lwasetshenziswa. Ngale njongo, it izalwa ezimweni zokwenziwa endaweni yesiqiwu seBkhitarkinak. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yaleli paki kanye nabasebenzi bayo, cishe abantu abayinkulungwane nengxenye badedelwa ezimweni zemvelo. Kulaba, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yasinda.
Cishe abantu abayinkulungwane bahlala eNdiya, futhi labantu babonwa njengabazinzile.
I-Australia ibhekwa njengomholi enanini lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidla ezinye. Iziphathimandla zezwe zinake kakhulu ukufundisa abantu nokuxwayisa ngesidingo sokulondolozwa nokwandiswa kohlobo, kanye nezinyathelo zokuthwala icala lobugebengu ekubhujisweni kwezilwane. Ensimini yezwe, kunamapulazi asebenzayo, amapaki kazwelonke, lapho izingwenya zizalanisa khona.
Ingwenya ehlanganisiwe ibonwa njengesinye sezilwane ezimbi kakhulu, eziyingozi futhi ezimangalisayo emhlabeni.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi futhi uyisilwane sasendulo kunazo zonke, ezingakaze zenze ushintsho olubonakalayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuhlala emithonjeni yamanzi. Ngamanzi abonakala ngokushisa okungaguquki. Izingwenya azizingeli futhi zinobuqili kakhulu abazingeli abanamandla amakhulu namandla angazaleli kunoma yisiphi esinye isilwane eMhlabeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/18/2019 ngo-10: 33
