Ingonyama yase-Asiatic - izinhlobo ezibabazekayo nezinomusa kakhulu zomndeni wezilwane ezidla ezinye. Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane bezikhona emhlabeni iminyaka engaphezu kwesigidi futhi ezinsukwini zakudala bezinendawo enkulu. Ingonyama yase-Asiya inamanye amagama - amaNdiya noma amaPheresiya. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakulolu hlobo lwezilwane ezazivunyelwe ukubamba iqhaza ezimpini zokulwa eGrisi lasendulo naseRoma lasendulo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ingonyama yase-Asiatic
Ingonyama yase-Asiya imele ukuhleleka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, umndeni we-feline, uhlobo lwe-panther nezinhlobo zebhubesi. Izazi zezilwane zithi ibhubesi lase-Asiya belikhona eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwesigidi edlule. Emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, babehlala cishe yonke indawo - endaweni yaseningizimu nasentshonalanga ye-Eurasia, eGrisi, eNdiya. Inani lezilwane ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene lalilikhulu - kwakukhona izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziningana.
Bese-ke bekhetha insimu enkulu yasogwadule lwaseNdiya njengendawo yabo yokuhlala eyinhloko. Kukhulunywa ngalesi silwane esihle futhi esinamandla okutholakala eBhayibhelini nasemibhalweni ka-Aristotle. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isimo sashintsha kakhulu. Inani labantu balezi zinhlobo lehle kakhulu. Ensimini yehlane laseNdiya, akukho bantu abangaphezu kweshumi nambili abasala. Ingonyama yase-Asiya ibhekwa njengempahla yaseNdiya, kanye nophawu lwayo ngenxa yamandla ayo, ubukhulu bayo kanye nokwesaba kwayo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhubesi Elibomvu lase-Asiatic
Phakathi kwabo bonke abamele izilwane ezidla izinyamazane, ingonyama yaseNdiya ingaphansi ngosayizi nobukhulu bayo kuphela kumahlosi. Umuntu omdala ufinyelela ku-1.30 wamamitha ukuphakama lapho ubuna. Isisindo somzimba womzingeli sisuka ku-115 kuye ku-240 kilograms. Ubude bomzimba bungamamitha ayi-2,5. Umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke okhona wesilwane sasendle wayehlala e-zoo, futhi enesisindo esingama-370 kilograms. I-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa - abesifazane bancane futhi balula kunabesilisa.
Isilwane sinekhanda elikhulu, elihlangene. Insikazi inesisindo esingama-90-115 kilograms. Ekhanda kunezindlebe ezincane, eziyindilinga. Isici salaba bameleli bomndeni we-feline sinamandla, imihlathi emikhulu futhi eqinile kakhulu. Banamazinyo ayishumi nambili. Ngamunye wabo unama-canines amakhulu, ubukhulu bawo obufinyelela kumasentimitha angu-7-9. Amazinyo anjalo avumela ngisho nama-ungulates amakhulu ukuba alume kukholamu lomgogodla.
Ividiyo: Ingonyama yase-Asiatic
Amabhubesi ase-Asiya anomzimba omncane, onamathoni, omude. Izitho zifushane futhi zinamandla amakhulu. Isilwane sihlukaniswa ngamandla anamandla amakhulu okushaya kwephuphu elilodwa. Kwezinye izimo, ingafinyelela kuma-kilogram angamakhulu amabili. Izidliwayo zihlukaniswa ngomsila omude, omncane, ichopho lawo limbozwe izinwele ezimnyama ezimise okwamabhulashi. Umsila ungamasentimitha angu-50-100 ubude.
Umbala wejazi ungahlukahluka: mnyama, cishe mhlophe, ukhilimu, mpunga. Ngokufanelekile, ihlangana nombala wesihlabathi sasogwadule. Izilwane ezizingelayo zizalwa zinombala onamabala. Isici esivelele sabesilisa ubukhona bemane ebanzi, ende. Ubude bemane bufinyelela uhhafu wemitha. Umbala wayo ungahlukahluka. Izinwele ezijiyile ziqala ukwakheka zinezinyanga eziyisithupha. Ukukhula nokwanda kwevolumu yemane kuyaqhubeka kwabesilisa kuyo yonke impilo. Izimila eziminyene zimisa ikhanda, intamo, isifuba nesisu. Umbala wemane ungahlukahluka: kusuka kokukhanyayo onsundu kuya kokumnyama. Umhlwenga usetshenziswa ngabesilisa ukuheha abesifazane nokwethusa amanye amaduna.
Ihlala kuphi ibhubesi lase-Asiya?
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lase-Asiatic eNdiya
Ngenxa yokuthi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule bekusele i-13 kuphela yalezi zilwane ezimangazayo, ezinomusa, indawo yazo yokuhlala ibekelwe indawo eyodwa kuphela. Lesi yiGirsky National Reserve eNdiya esifundazweni saseGujarat. Lapho, abamele lolu hlobo bahlala endaweni encane - cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayinkulungwane nengxenye. Izazi zezilwane zasendaweni zenza imizamo eminingi yokugcina nokwandisa inani labantu balezi zinhlobo. Ngo-2005, babengu-359 kubo, kwathi ngo-2011 basebevele bangu-411.
Amabhubesi aseNdiya akhetha indawo embozwe amahlahla aminyene, anameva ukuze kuhlale unomphela ezimweni zemvelo. Imvamisa kufakwa phakathi kwe-savannah. Abantu bangahlala ehlathini ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Insimu yepaki kazwelonke, lapho kuhlala khona laba bameleli bomndeni wekati njengamanje, iqukethe amagquma ambalwa wemvelo yentaba-mlilo. Amagquma angamamitha angama-80-450 ukuphakama. Zizungezwe indawo eyisicaba, umhlaba wezolimo. Lendawo inesimo sezulu esomile. Izinga lokushisa ehlobo lifinyelela kuma-degree angama-45. Imvula encane iyawa, engekho ngaphezu kuka-850 mm.
Izinkathi eziningana zihlukaniswa lapha:
- Ihlobo - liqala maphakathi noMashi futhi liqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi noJuni.
- IMonsoon - iqala maphakathi noJuni futhi iqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba.
- Ubusika - buqala maphakathi no-Okthoba futhi buhlala kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Esinye isici sokukhetha indawo yokuhlala ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi eduze. Ipaki kazwelonke inazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokuhlala ngokunethezeka kwezilwane eziyingozi, ezingavamile. Insimu yalesi siqiwi iminyene enameva, indawo yayo yafakwa izindawo ezingamahlathi kanye namahlathi asogwini lwemifula nemifudlana emikhulu. Kukhona nenani elikhulu lamadlelo atholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile, eziyizicaba. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi amabhubesi athole ukudla kwawo.
Idlani ibhubesi lase-Asiya?
Isithombe: I-Animal Asiatic Lion
Amabhubesi asePheresiya ayizidalwa ngokwemvelo. Umthombo oyinhloko nokuwukuphela kokudla inyama. Banikezwe ikhono labazingeli abanekhono, abanekhono eliphezulu. Ushushiso alujwayelekile kubo; bakhetha amaqhinga okuhlasela okungalindelekile, okushesha njengombani, okushiya isisulu singekho ithuba lokusindiswa.
Umthombo Wokudla Wengonyama Ye-Asiatic:
- abamele izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu ezingenakubalwa;
- izingulube zasendle;
- izinyamazane ze-roe;
- izinkomo;
- i-wildebeest;
- izinsephe;
- amadube;
- insumpa.
Uma kwenzeka kunokuntuleka kokudla isikhathi eside, babonwa bewela emihlambini yezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu, noma ezinkulu kakhulu. Lokhu kungaba yizindlulamithi, izindlovu, izimvubu, noma izingwenya ezikhujiwe ezigcakamele ilanga. Kodwa-ke, ukuzingela okunjalo akuphephile kubantu abadala. Ngokwesilinganiso, ibhubesi elilodwa elidala lidinga okungenani ukudla okungu-30-50 kilograms wenyama ngosuku, kuya ngesisindo sesilwane. Ngemuva kwesidlo ngasinye, kufanele baye emgodini wokunisela.
Kuvamile ukuthi izilwane zivame ukukhetha indawo eseduze nemizimba yamanzi evulekile njengendawo yokuzingela. Lapho zikhona esimweni sezulu esomile nokushisa okukhulu, ziyakwazi ukugcwalisa isidingo soketshezi oluvela ezitshalweni, noma emzimbeni wesisulu sazo. Ngenxa yaleli khono, abafi ngenxa yokushisa. Uma engekho ama-ungulates neminye imithombo yokudla ejwayelekile, amabhubesi ase-Asiya angahlasela ezinye izidalwa ezincane - izimpisi, izingulule. Kwesinye isikhathi bangaze bahlasele umuntu. Ngokwezibalo, okungenani abantu abangama-50-70 babulawa yizingwe zaseNdiya ezilambile e-Afrika minyaka yonke. Abantu bahlaselwa ikakhulu ngabesilisa abalambile abanesizungu.
Izilwane ezizingelayo zingazingela noma ngasiphi isikhathi sosuku. Lapho zizingela ebusuku, zikhetha into noma sekuqala ubumnyama bese ziqala ukuzingela kusihlwa. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela emini, zibheka isisulu, zikhuphuke phakathi kwamahlathi aminyene anameva ezihlahleni. Ngokuyinhloko abesifazane babamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni. Bakhetha indawo yokuqamekela ngokuzungeza isisulu esihlosiwe. Abesilisa babonakala kakhulu ngenxa yomhlwenga wabo ojiyile. Ziyaphumela obala bese ziphoqa isisulu ukuba sihlehlele ngasekuqamekeleni.
Amabhubesi akwazi ukusheshisa aze afike ku-50 km / h ngenkathi ephishekela. Kodwa azikwazi ukuhamba ngejubane elinjalo isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, abantu ababuthakathaka, abagulayo, noma amawundlu bakhethwa njengezinto zokuzingelwa. Baqale badle ingaphakathi, bese konke okunye. Isisulu esingazange sidliwe siyavikelwa kwezinye izidalwa kuze kube sekudleni okulandelayo. Umzingeli owondlekile angase angazingeli izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ulala kakhulu futhi athole amandla.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ingonyama yase-Asiatic
Akujwayelekile ukuthi izidlakela ziphile impilo yodwa. Bahlangana emhlambini obizwa ngama-prides. Namuhla lezi zilwane zakha ukuziqhenya okuncane, ngoba inani lama-ungulates amakhulu lehle kakhulu. Izisulu ezincane azikwazi ukondla umhlambi omkhulu. Ngokuzingela izilwane ezincane, ukubamba iqhaza kwabesifazane abadala ababili noma abathathu kuphela kwanele. Abesilisa njengengxenye yomhlambi baqapha indawo yokuziqhenya futhi babambe iqhaza ekuzaleni.
Inani lamabhubesi ase-Asiya lingabantu abayi-7-14. Njengengxenye yeqembu elinjalo, abantu bebekhona iminyaka eminingana. Ekuhloleni kokuziqhenya ngakunye owesifazane onolwazi kakhulu futhi ohlakaniphe kakhulu. Abekho ngaphezu kwamadoda amabili noma amathathu eqenjini. Imvamisa, banezibopho zomndeni wobuzalwane komunye nomunye. Omunye wabo uhlala ehamba phambili njalo. Kubonakala ngokukhetha umngane womshado, kanye nasempini. Abamele abesifazane nabo banezibopho zomndeni komunye nomunye. Zihlala ngokuthula kakhulu nangokuthula. Kuvamile ukuthi ukuziqhenya ngakunye kungene endaweni ethile. Imvamisa emzabalazweni wendawo enenzuzo yokuphila kufanele ulwe nayo.
Ukulwa nokulwa kuvela kunesihluku futhi kunegazi. Ubukhulu bensimu buxhomeke ekwakhiweni kwenani lokuziqhenya, ukutholakala kwemithombo yokudla. Ingafinyelela ku-400 sq. amakhilomitha. Lapho befika eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu ubudala, abesilisa bayashiya ukuziqhenya. Baqhubeka nokuphila bodwa, noma bahlangane nabanye besilisa, abaneminyaka yobudala. Balinde isikhathi lapho kuzokwazi ukubhekana khona nomholi obuthakathaka we-prides eseduze. Sebethole umzuzu ofanele, bahlasela owesilisa.
Uma ehluliwe, owesilisa omusha osemusha onamandla uthatha indawo yakhe. Kodwa-ke, ubulala masinyane inzalo encane yomholi wangaphambili. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhubesikazi awakwazi ukuvikela inzalo yawo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, bayazola bese bezala izingane ezintsha ngomholi omusha. Iduna eliyinhloko lomhlambi liguquka njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Amantshontsho engonyama yase-Asiya
Isikhathi somshado sonyaka. Imvamisa kwenzeka ngokufika kwenkathi yemvula. Abesilisa basebenzisa umhlwenga wabo ojiyile, omude ukuheha abesifazane. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, isikhathi sokukhulelwa siqala, esihlala izinsuku eziyi-104-110. Ngaphambi kokubeletha, ibhubesikazi libheka indawo ecashile ekude nezindawo zokuziqhenya futhi lifihlwe ezimfundeni eziminyene. Kuzalwa izingane ezimbili kuya kweziyisihlanu. Ekuthunjweni, inani lenzalo lingaphindeka kabili. Izingane zizalwa zinombala onamachashaza, zingaboni.
Isisindo se-cub eyodwa sincike kwinani labo eliphelele nakububanzi kusuka ku-500 kuye ku-2000 gram. Ekuqaleni, insikazi iyaqikelela futhi ivikele futhi ivikele izingane zayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Uhlala eshintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala, ehudula amantshontsho kanye naye. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, izingane ziqala ukubona. Ngemuva kwesonto, baqala ukugijimisana nonina. Abesifazane bathambekele ekunceliseni ubisi hhayi kuphela amawundlu abo, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izingonyama zebhubesi zokuziqhenya. Isigamu nengxenye, izinyanga ezimbili ngemuva kokubeletha, insikazi ibuyela ekuziqhenyeni nenzalo yayo. Abesifazane kuphela abanakekelayo, bondle, bafundise inzalo ukuzingela. Bajwayele ukusiza abesifazane abangakakhuli futhi abangenayo inzalo yabo.
Ngemuva kwenyanga nohhafu kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa, amazinyane adla inyama. Lapho zinezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, zibamba iqhaza ekuzingeleni njengababukeli. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, abantu abasha bayakwazi ukuthola ukudla ngokulingana nezilwane ezindala zomhlambi. Amakati ashiya umama wawo eneminyaka eyodwa nohhafu kuya eminyakeni emibili, lapho esenenzalo entsha. Abesifazane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho befika eminyakeni engu-4 - 5 ubudala, abesilisa - abaneminyaka emi-3 - 4 ubudala. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwengonyama eyodwa ezimweni zemvelo yiminyaka eyi-14 - 16, ekuthunjweni bahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngokwezibalo, ezimweni zemvelo, ngaphezulu kwezingu-70% zezilwane ziyafa zingakafiki eminyakeni emibili ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhubesi ase-Asiya
Isithombe: I-Asiatic lion India
Endaweni yazo engokwemvelo, amabhubesi ase-Asiya awanazitha phakathi kwezidliwayo, ngoba idlula cishe wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwamahlosi ngamandla, ngamandla nangosayizi.
Izitha eziyinhloko zebhubesi lase-Asiya yilezi:
- helminths;
- imikhaza;
- amazenze.
Zibangela ukwehla kwamasosha omzimba, kanye nawo wonke umzimba wonkana. Kulokhu, abantu ngabanye bangabulawa ezinye izifo ezihambisanayo. Esinye sezitha eziyinhloko zabamele umndeni we-feline ngumuntu nemisebenzi yakhe. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kwakuhlonishwa ukuthola indebe efana nalesi sidlakela esibabazekayo. Futhi, ukuzingela ama-ungulates nezinye izilwane ezidla imifino kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokuhlala yezilwane ngabantu ngokungenasihawu kunciphisa inani labo. Esinye isizathu sokubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngamabhubesi asePheresiya sithathwa njengokugoma ngemithi yaseNdiya esezingeni eliphansi.
Izilwane eziningi zifa ezimpini ezishubile phakathi kokuziqhenya. Ngenxa yezimpi ezinjalo, umhlambi, onenzuzo ngamanani, amandla namandla, ucishe umbhubhise ngokuphelele omunye umpristi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Animal Asiatic Lion
Namuhla lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezidla ezinye lubhalwe ku-Red Book yamazwe omhlaba. Wanikezwa isikhundla sokuba sengozini enkulu.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokunyamalala kohlobo:
- Izifo;
- Ukuntuleka kwemithombo yokudla;
- Ukubhujiswa kwabantu abasha ngabesilisa abathumbe umhlambi;
- Ukufa kwabantu abaningi ezimpini ezinzima phakathi kokuziqhenya kwendawo;
- Ukuhlaselwa kwamazinyane amancane ngezinye izidalwa - izimpisi, izingulule, izingwe;
- ISafari, umsebenzi ongekho emthethweni wabazingeli abangekho emthethweni;
- Ukufa emithini engekho ezingeni elisetshenziselwa ukugoma izilwane eNdiya;
- Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungakwazi kwezilwane ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inani lezilwane laliphansi kakhulu - zazingu-13 kuphela.Namuhla, ngenxa yemizamo yoososayensi bezilwane kanye nososayensi, inani labo lenyuke laba ngabantu abayi-413.
I-asiatic lion guard
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lase-Asiatic elivela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ukuze kusindiswe lolu hlobo lwezilwane, kwasungulwa futhi kwaqaliswa uhlelo olukhethekile lokuvikela ibhubesi lase-Asiya. Yasakazekela eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika. Ososayensi bathi lezi zingonyama azivunyelwe ukuzalana nezinye izinhlobo, ngoba kuyadingeka ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kofuzo.
Abasebenzi neziphathimandla zensimu lapho kutholakala khona indawo yokulondolozwa yaseGirsky abazinikezi amabhubesi asePheresiya kunoma yiziphi ezinye izindawo zokugcina, ngoba ziyizilwane ezihlukile futhi ezingavamile kakhulu. ENdiya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcinwa kanye nokwanda kwenani lalezi zilwane, ngoba yingonyama yase-Asiya ebhekwa njengophawu lwaleli zwe. Mayelana nalokhu, ukubhujiswa kwezilwane ezidliwayo akuvunyelwe nakancane lapha.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bathi imisebenzi yabo ithela izithelo. Kukhona ukwanda kwenani labamele umndeni we-feline. Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2011, inani labo lenyuke ngabantu abangama-52. Ingonyama yase-Asiatic zizosuswa kwirejista kuphela ngesikhathi lapho ziqala ukuzala kabusha ezimweni zemvelo, hhayi kuphela endaweni yepaki yesizwe yanamuhla yaseNdiya, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-16: 12
