U-Elk, noma i-Alces alces - isidlakela phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl. Yabizwa nge-Prong ngenxa yezimpondo zayo ezinkulu, ezifana negeja elime kahle. Isilo sisabalele emahlathini asenyakatho yeYurophu, e-Asia nasezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika. Ihlukile kwabanye abameleli bomndeni wezinyamazane ngemilenze emide, umzimba omfishane kodwa omkhulu, ukubuna okuphezulu, ikhanda elikhulu elide.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Elk
Ukuthi lolu hlobo lwama-artiodactyls luqhamukaphi alwaziwa kahle. Izici ezijwayelekile ezitholakala kule moose zitholakale esikhathini sokuqala se-Quaternary. Ukubukeka kwayo kubangelwa i-Upper Pliocene futhi kuhlotshaniswa nezinhlobo ezihlobene kakhulu, i-North American Cervalces. Kuhlukaniswa uhlobo olulodwa lwe-Quaternary, oluhambelana nengxenye engezansi yePleistocene, indololwane ebanzi.
Nguye ongabizwa ngokhokho wezinyamazane ezitholakala endaweni yeRussian Federation. Okhokho balezi zinhlobo, ngokubukeka okuhambisana nencazelo yanamuhla, bahlangana ngesikhathi seNeolithic emaqeleni ase-Ukraine, esifundeni iLower Volga naseTranscaucasia, ogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, e-Ireland naseNgilandi, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, kepha abahambelanga eBalkan nase-Apennines.
Ividiyo: Elk
I-Artiodactyl ithatha izindawo ezinkulu engxenyeni esenyakatho yeYurophu, e-Asia naseMelika. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu elidlule, kube nokuncipha kobubanzi, kepha izinyathelo zokubuyisa inani labantu zaholela ekutheni i-moose yaphinde yatholakala emahlathini ase-Eurasia kuze kufike eVosges nasemlonyeni weRhine. Umngcele oseningizimu wehlela eziNtabeni i-Alps naseCarpathians, uthatha ingxenye yezindawo ezisemaqeleni ze-Don basin, iWestern Transcaucasia, udabula indawo yehlathi laseSiberia kuze kufike e-Ussuri taiga.
Isilo sizwa kahle eNorway, eFinland naseSweden. ERussia, itholakala yonke indawo endaweni yamahlathi, ngaphandle kweSakhalin neKamchatka. Itholakala enyakatho yeMongolia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Ezwenikazi laseMelika - eCanada. Abantu ababuyiselwe bahlanganisa yonke indawo yehlathi e-United States. Lesi silwane asibukeki kahle. Ikhanda linwetshiwe futhi lihlala entanyeni enamandla. I-artiodactyl yakhe ibamba cishe ezingeni le-humped ebunayo.
Usayizi omangazayo wesifonyo unikezwa ngekhala elikhulu ngesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi senqwaba. Idlulela endlebeni engenhla, eshwabene, elengayo.
Izindlebe ezinkulu zihamba kakhulu futhi zikhombe phezulu. Umsila uyisigamu sobude bendlebe. Iqedela i-crop sloping futhi icishe ingabonakali. Umhlanga ofana nesikhwama, obizwa ngokuthi icici, ulenga entanyeni. Kwabesilisa, ithuthukiswa kakhulu futhi ingafinyelela kubude obungu-40 cm, kepha kaningi ingabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-25. Icici likhula lifike eminyakeni emine ubudala, bese liyancipha futhi libe banzi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Animal Elk
Ijazi le-elk linombala onsundu omnyama, ngaphandle kwesibuko esijwayelekile sezihlobo zalo ngemuva. Intamo nokubuna kugcwele izinwele ezinde. Imilenze ilula ngombala kunomzimba. Izinselo zinkulu, zincane, zihlangene futhi zikhombe. Izinselo ezisemaceleni zimiswe eduze nomhlabathi. Lapho zihamba enhlabathini ethambile, ixhaphozi, iqhwa, zihlala ngaphandle, zisabalalisa umthwalo futhi zenze kube lula ukuhamba.
Abesilisa bamila izimpondo ezinkulu ezisatshalaliswa emaceleni. Zikhula cishe zibheke ezansi futhi azinamagatsha. Eduze kwamaphethelo, kunezinqubo zohlobo lwenyamazane, kepha eziningi zazo zitholakala onqenqemeni lwesigaba seflethi esandayo, okuthiwa "ifosholo".
Isikhathi sezimpondo sifinyelela ku-180 cm, kanti isisindo sifinyelela kuma-40 kg. Ubuso bawo obugqinsi bunombala onsundu. Ezinhlotsheni zaseYurophu, ifosholo linezinombolo ezimbalwa zezinqubo ezifana neminwe; ezihlotsheni zaseNyakatho Melika, inani lazo lifinyelela kumashumi amane. Kubantu abasha, izimpondo ezincanyana ezingenamagatsha ziyakhula futhi onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila. Amafosholo anamahlumela avela kuphela kowesihlanu.
Lesi silwane siphonsa imihlobiso yaso ekhanda ngoDisemba, bese kuthi ezintsha ziqale ukukhula ngo-Ephreli. Abesifazane abanazimpondo. Izinhlobo zabantu abadala zinomzimba ongafika ku-5 m ubude, ukuphakama kwe-humpback kubuna kungafinyelela ku-2.4 m, isisindo cishe siyi-600 kg, abesifazane bancane futhi balula kunabesilisa. ECanada naseMpumalanga Ekude, ubukhulu bomuntu ngamunye bufinyelela kuma-650 kg. Imilenze enamandla nezinselo kuvikela.
Isisindo esikhulu nobuningi asivimbeli lesi silwane esinemilenze emide ekuhambeni ngokushesha ehlathini nase-windbreak, emaxhaphozini, sinqoba kalula uthango lwamamitha amabili noma imihosha. Ijubane elijwayelekile lapho uhamba ngu-9 km / h, ngenkathi ligijima lifinyelela ku-40 km / h. I-moose inganqamula emanzini amaningi (amakhilomitha amathathu) bese icwila ngokujulile. Amacala aqoshwa lapho izilwane zibhukuda zinqamula echibini laseRybinsk (20 km); Ababukeli baseScandinavia nabaseMelika banemiphumela efanayo.
Ihlala kuphi i-moose?
Isithombe: Elk ehlathini
Isilwane esincelisayo sihlala endaweni esehlathini, kuze kufike kutundra. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa kwabantu abacishe balahleka, waphinde wazinza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi, ezintabeni ezikhule kakhulu, ama-glades, amadokodo aphakanyisiwe, osebeni lwamanzi.
Ehlobo, i-ungulate ingahamba iye kude nehlathi, izulazule emathafeni noma endaweni enamathafa. Uthanda i-aspen, alder, izimfunda ezinotshani obuningi.
Isilwane sithanda imicibisholo ekhule ngokweqile, iziteshi zemifula, amachibi angajulile, ngoba ehlobo bachitha isikhathi esiningi emanzini noma eduze nemizimba yamanzi, futhi bathanda ukubhukuda. Idla emithini yeminyezane, kepha ayiyithandi ngempela i-taiga ejulile. Lapho uhlaza luhluka kakhulu, maningi amathuba ohlangana nawo nezinyamazane lapha. Izilwane ezincelisayo ezindaweni ezisezintabeni zihlala ezigodini zemifula, emithambekeni emnene, azikuthandi okweqisayo okumangelengele. E-Altai nasezintabeni iSayan, uhla olume mpo ngamamitha ayi-1800-2000. Isilwane singazulazula olwandle, lapho kukhona amachibi anezimila ezisogwini.
Kumaxhaphozi, isilwane sihamba siye kulezo zindawo lapho umhlaba ungena ujule ekujuleni, bese sihamba siqhamuke neziqhingi, sikhase phezu kwezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi esiswini, kanti imilenze yangaphambili yeluliwe iya phambili. E-Altai, bashaya indlela esexhaphozini ezindaweni ezomile, ukujula kwayo kungafika kumasentimitha angama-50. Lezi zilwane zihlala zizinze, zihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, uma kungekho muntu ohluphayo futhi onokudla okwanele. Ehlobo, isakhiwo ngasinye sikhulu kunesasebusika. Ama-ungulates angaya ngaphandle komhlaba wawo ayokhotha usawoti. Uma kunezindawo ezinjalo kumasayithi abo, khona-ke izilwane zibavakashela ebumnyameni izikhathi ezingama-5-6 ngosuku.
Lapho izimpahla zabantu abangomakhelwane zidlulela, ngobuningi obukhulu, izilwane ezincelisayo zikubekezelela ngokuthula lokhu futhi azixoshi ezinye, njengoba kunjalo ngomndeni omkhulu wezinyamazane. Okuhlukile izinkomo ze-moose ekuqaleni ngemuva kokuzala.
Idlani i-moose?
Isithombe: Big Elk
Le artiodactyl ithanda izitendi zotshani obude, isebenzisa ubulembu (ikakhulukazi obukhuni), ibuye isebenzise amakhowe, ngaphezu kwalokho, inobuthi ngokombono wabantu. Amajikijolo: ama-cranberries, ama-blueberries, ama-lingonberries akhetha adle kanye namahlumela. Ehlobo, ngenxa yobude bakhe obude, uthatha amagatsha ngezindebe zakhe ezinamandla bese eqaqa amahlamvu kuwo.
I-Prong incamela ukudla amaqabunga namagatsha:
- aspens;
- umlotha wasentabeni;
- inyoni cherry;
- umnyezane;
- ama-birches;
- izihlahla zomlotha;
- isihlahla somhlanga;
- amabalazwe;
- euonymus.
Ezitshalweni ezine-herbaceous, okuthandwa kakhulu yi-fireweed, ekhula ngobuningi ekuhlanzweni - izindawo eziyintandokazi ze-artiodactyl. Eduze kwamachibi nasemanzini, wondla iwashi, iminduze yamanzi, ama-capsules amaqanda, i-marigold, i-sorrel, utshani botshani, i-calamus, i-sedge, i-horsetail nezinye izitshalo ezimila osebeni. Ekwindla, ukudla kwaso kuyashintsha, isilwane sidla amahlumela amancane ezihlahla nezihlahlana, sidle amagxolo ezihlahla.
Ngokushoda kokudla, ingaququda amagatsha amancane kaphayini kanye nombhida, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yesibili yobusika, kepha kaningi iluma amagatsha omnyezane, i-aspen, okusajingijolo, i-birch, i-mountain ash, i-buckthorn, efinyelela ku-1 cm ubukhulu. izinhlangothi lapho kushisa khona futhi kuncibilike.
Sekukonke, ukudla kwe-elk kufaka:
- kufika ku-149 uhlobo lwama-angiosperms;
- Izinhlobo eziyisithupha zama-gymnosperms, njengephayini, umjunipha, i-yew;
- izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ferns (5 genera);
- ubulembu (4 genera);
- amakhowe (isigaba esingu-11);
- ulwelwe, njenge-kelp.
U-Evenks ubiza lokhu okudla umuthi i-artiodactyl - "moot", noma i-ivoed - "shektats", ngoba idla amagatsha ezihlahla. Igama lakhe elijwayelekile ngu "toki", abazingeli abanezinkolelo-ze besaba ukulisebenzisa.
Phakathi nonyaka, izilwane ezincelisayo zidla kuze kufike kumathani ayisikhombisa okudla, okukhona kuwo:
- bark - 700 kg;
- amahlumela namagatsha - 4000 kg;
- amaqabunga - 1500 kg;
- izitshalo herbaceous - 700 kg.
Ehlobo, isabelo sansuku zonke singaba kusuka ku-16 kg kuye ku-35 kg, kanti ebusika cishe kungu-10 kg. Ebusika, i-elk iphuza kancane futhi ayivamisile ukudla iqhwa, igwema ukulahleka kokushisa, kepha ehlobo bangadonsa emanzini noma emanzini kusuka kumzuzu eyi-15 kuye ehoreni, cishe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Elk ehlobo
Onwetshiwe akahlakaniphile kakhulu, wethukile, uhlala eqonda phambili njalo. Empilweni ejwayelekile, ukhetha izindlela ezihamba kahle. Amahlathi amakhulu agwema izindawo lapho iqhwa lijule khona ngaphezu kwama-70 cm bese lihlangana emithambekeni enesithunzi lapho ungqimba lukhululeke khona. Eqhweni, umthwalo mkhulu kakhulu futhi isilwane esinezinselo ezihlukene phakathi siwela phakathi, yize imilenze emide isiza ukunqoba izindawo ezimbozwe yiqhwa. Amathole amancane ama-moose alandela umkhondo womuntu omdala kusembozo esinjalo.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, isilwane siyama, ngenkathi sidla ukudla okuvela ebusweni bomhlaba, sizama ukusabalalisa imilenze yaso ihlukane, siguqe ngamadolo, amathole amancane e-moose avame ukukhasa ngasikhathi sinye. Uma kuba sengozini, isilwane sincike kakhulu ekuzweni nasethunjini lwaso, sibona kabi kakhulu futhi asiqapheli umuntu onganyakazi. Ama-moose awahlaseli abantu, kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile, lapho alimala noma evikela abasha.
Lapho umkhuba uqhubeka, izilwane ezincelisayo zihlala zisebenza. Ngenkathi ebandayo, baphumula kuze kube kahlanu ngosuku, kodwa ngeqhwa elisindayo noma ekupheleni kobusika kuze kube kasishiyagalombili. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, ziphonsa eqhweni, lapho kubonakala khona ikhanda kuphela, futhi zilala isikhathi eside. Ngesikhathi semimoya enamandla, imidondoshiya yehlathi icasha emahlathini. Eminyakeni yama-30s, izinyamazane zakhuliswa emapulazini akhethekile ukuze zisetshenziselwe ubutha, ngisho nezibhamu zemishini zaqiniswa ezimpondweni zazo. Bafundisa ukuhlukanisa isiFinnish nesiRashiya ngendlebe futhi banikeze uphawu. Izilwane zibambe izwi lomuntu ebangeni elingaphezu kwekhilomitha.
Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ama-elk ayasebenza phakathi nosuku. Ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa nokubonakala kwenqwaba yezimpukane zamahhashi nezimpukane, ama-artiodactyls athanda ukuphola, lapho kushaya umoya futhi kunezinambuzane ezimbalwa. Bangakwazi ukuhlala kuma-conifers amancane, ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinamanzi, ezingajulile, osebeni lwamanzi. Emanzini angajulile, izilwane zilala emanzini, ezindaweni ezijulile zingena kuwo ziye entanyeni yazo. Lapho kungenamachibi khona, imidondoshiya ilala phansi endaweni emanzi, kodwa uma nje isishisa, bayasukuma bafune entsha.
Akukona nje kuphela ukudliwa okubenza baqambe amanga, ukushisa okuphezulu akubekezelelwa kahle yila ma-artiodactyls, ngakho-ke bakhetha ukuphumula emini ehlobo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Wild Elk
Laba bantu abakhulu abakhulu bahlala bodwa, noma baqoqane ngamaqembu afinyelela kwabane abantu. Izinsikazi zakha umhlambi onamakhanda afinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili; ebusika, izinkunzi ezisencane zingadla nazo. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, izilwane ziyahlakazeka. Ehlobo, izinkomo zama-moose zihamba namankonyane, kwesinye isikhathi zihamba nezangonyaka odlule. Amanye amabhangqa asinda ngemuva kwesikhukhula, kwesinye isikhathi amathole wenyamazane yonyaka ophelile kanye nabantu abadala bayajoyina, bakhe amaqembu ezinhloko ze-6-9. Ngemuva komdlandla, abesilisa bavame ukuhlala ngokwehlukana, kuthi abancane bahlele amaqembu amancane. Ngesikhathi sasebusika inani lomhlambi liyanda, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zeqhwa.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ama-artiodactyls alahleke ngababili ngaphambi komsele, ekupheleni kwehlobo. Inkunzi iqala ukwenza imisindo engqongqozayo, ilandele insikazi ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-estrus. Abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi baqala ukwephula amagatsha neziqongo zezihlahla ezinezimpondo, bashaye ngenselo. Lapho i-moose ichame khona, idla umhlaba, ishiye iphunga lesici kuyo yonke indawo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkunzi zidla okuncane, uboya bazo buphikisiwe, namehlo azo abomvu njengegazi. Zilahlekelwa ukuqaphela, ziba nolaka, zixoshe amathole kumathole e-moose. I-rut ingaqhubeka inyanga, iqala ekuqaleni ezifundeni eziseningizimu, enyakatho - kamuva, kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba. Lo mehluko ubangelwa ukuqala kwentwasahlobo entwasahlobo enyakatho - isikhathi esivumela kakhulu ukuvela kwezinsana.
Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izinkunzi zivame ukuba zodwa. Kepha uma i-moose ingaphenduli ekuqomeni, khona-ke owesilisa ubheka enye. Abafakizicelo abaningana bangatholakala eduze kwabesifazane futhi kukhona ukulwa phakathi kwabo, okuvame ukubulala. Ama-moose amancane akulungele ukukhwelana onyakeni wesibili, kepha ngaphambi kweminyaka yobudala emine awahlanganyeli kulo mkhuba, ngoba awakwazi ukuncintisana nezinkunzi ezindala. Intsha ingena kusigaxa sesisindo kamuva kune "oldies". Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-225 kuye kwezingu-240, kuzalwa eyodwa ngesikhathi - amathole amabili, anesisindo esingu-6-15 kg, kuya ngobulili nenombolo. Umbala wamathole e-moose ubunsundu ngokukhanyayo ngokubomvu. Inkonyane lesibili livame ukufa. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa sezivele zimile ngezinyawo, kepha ziyawa ngokushesha.
Ngosuku lwesibili bahamba ngokungaqiniseki, ngosuku lwesithathu bahamba kahle, kuthi ngosuku lwesihlanu bagijime, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyishumi baze babhukude. Ekuqaleni, ithole lisendaweni eyodwa, uma umama ebaleka, bese elala, ecashe otshanini noma ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Insikazi yondla ithole ngobisi cishe izinyanga ezine, ngaphambi komsele. Kubantu abangabambi iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni, i-lactation iyaqhubeka. Kusukela emasontweni amabili ubudala, amathole e-moose aqala ukudla ukudla okuluhlaza. NgoSepthemba, zithola isisindo esifinyelela ku-150 kg.
Izitha zemvelo ze-moose
Isithombe: Elk enezimpondo
Phakathi kwezitha eziyinhloko ze-elk kukhona amabhere. Isikhathi esiningi zihlasela izilwane ezinezinselo lapho zivuka ebusika. Zivame ukujaha izinsikazi ezikhulelweyo noma zihlasele amathole e-moose. Omama bavikela izingane. Ukushaywa ngezitho zangaphambili kuyingozi ikakhulukazi. Ngale ndlela, i-ungulate ingabulala ibhere khona lapho, noma isitha
Izimpisi ziyesaba ukuhlasela abantu abadala, zikwenza ngephakethe futhi ngemuva kuphela. Ngokuvamile izingane zifa ngenxa yezilwane ezimpunga. Ebusika obuneqhwa, izimpisi azikwazi ukuhambisana nendololwane, ngisho nabancane. Ngehlathi eliphephethwa ngumoya, eliminyene noma ngesikhathi sokubuya kwentwasahlobo, umhlambi ungashayela kalula inkonyane noma umuntu omdala onomzimba omncane. Ama-artiodactyls amakhulu awakwazi ukumelana ne-lynx noma i-wolverine, evikela inyamazane yayo ngokuqamekela esihlahleni. Zigijimela phezulu, izilwane ezidla ezinye zibamba intamo, ziluma ngemithambo.
Izinsensane zasehlobo, izimpukane zamahhashi nezimpukane ziyacasula kakhulu izinyamazane. Izibungu zazo zingahlala ku-nasopharynx. Ngenani labo elikhulu, ukuphefumula kuba nzima, isilwane esincelisayo siphelile, ngoba kunzima ukuthi sidle, kwesinye isikhathi siyafa. Kusukela ekulunyweni kwezimpukane, kuvela izilonda ezingapholi emilenzeni yezilwane ezopha.
Ngokusho kofakazi bokuzibonela, kube neminyaka lapho izilwane, zihlushwa umiyane, zaphuma zaya emakhaya, zingasabeli ezinjeni noma kubantu. Izakhamizi zalezi zigodi zazithela amanzi phezu kwalezi zilwane ezilunyiwe, zazifaka intuthu ngentuthu, kepha azikwazanga ukusindisa wonke umuntu ekufeni.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Animal Elk
Ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile, inani labantu abazinzile kakhulu emahlathini amakhulu asehlathini laqala ukwehla kusukela ngekhulu le-19. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lesi silwane saqothulwa, noma sacishe sanyamalala ezindaweni eziningi lapho satholwa khona phambilini, e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Ukuvinjelwa okwesikhashana ekuzingeleni, izindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo kuholele ekubuyiselweni kancane kancane kwezindawo zangaphambili. Isikhumba se-Moose sasivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthunga ama-camisoles namabhulukwe okugibela, abizwa nge- "leggings".
Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1920, ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia, kwakungabalwa abantu abedlula kwabambalwa. Izinqumo ezivimbela ukudoba (ngaphandle kweSiberia) ziholele ekutheni ukwanda kwemfuyo kwaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-30. Izilwane ziphinde zafudukela ezifundeni eziningi eziseningizimu, lapho amahlathi amancane avele khona ezindaweni zomlilo nokuhlanzwa.
Ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, inani lama-artiodactyl engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia lehla kakhulu futhi. Ngo-1945, kwavinjelwa ukuzingela, kwaqala umzabalazo onzima nezimpisi. Ukwehla kwesibalo sezilwane ezimpunga, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo ezivikelwe, kanye nokwethulwa kwezinhlanzi ezinamalayisense kube yizinto ezinqumayo ezithonye ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwemfuyo.
Inani lama-ungulates asendle endaweni ye-RSFSR kwaba:
- ngo-1950 - izinkulungwane ezingama-230;
- ngo-1960. - izinkulungwane ezingama-500;
- ngo-1980. - izinkulungwane ezingama-730;
- ngo 1992 - 904 ayizinkulungwane.
Bese kuba nokwehla kwathi ngo-2000 inani lalingabantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-630. Ngendawo encane kakhulu, ngasikhathi sinye eNyakatho. IMelika yayihlala ama-elk afinyelela ku-1 million, eNorway ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150, eFinland - ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu, eSweden - ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300. Futhi lokhu kungamazwe lapho lesi silwane sasicishe saqothulwa khona ngaphambilini. Isimo sokongiwa komhlaba kwalesi silwane siqokwa njengeNkinga Engaphansi.
ERussia, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngisho nokucabangela izintshisekelo zamahlathi, kungenzeka ukwandisa isibalo se-elk sibe yizigidi ezi-3, manje isibalo sabo singamakhanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-700-800. Yize lesi silwane singasongelwa ngokubhujiswa, kufanelekile ukukhombisa ukukhathazeka okwengeziwe ngokuphepha kwaso nokwanda kwemfuyo. U-Elk ingahlala ekuthunjweni kwenyama edliwayo, isikhumba, izimpondo nobisi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06.02.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 16.09.2019 ngo-16: 24
