Endaweni yeKrasnodar Territory namuhla kunezinhlobo ezingaba yishumi nambili zezinyoka, ingxenye enkulu yazo engabeki ingozi enkulu kubantu nasezilwaneni. Indawo enkulu engxenyeni eseningizimu yeRussian Federation, igezwa ngamanzi oLwandle Olumnyama ne-Azov, ihlukaniswa yizimo zezulu ezinhle zokuhlalisa lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngakho-ke izinyoka zivame kakhulu lapha.
Izinyoka ezinobuthi
Abamele ukuhleleka kweScaly okuyingozi kubantu banezindlala namazinyo anobuthi, futhi ukulunywa kwabo kudala ukufa. Izilwane ezinomgogodla ezinjengalezi eziphakeme ziye zazi izindawo ezahlukahlukene zemvelo namuhla, futhi iKrasnodar Territory ayikhethi kulokhu. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo eziyingozi zivame ukutholakala eduze kwezindawo zokudlala kanye nezakhiwo zokuhlala, okuletha ukwesaba kwangempela kubahlali bakule ndawo.
Inyoka yesitepe
Ubude bomzimba wesirhubuluzi abudluli kumasentimitha angama-55-57. Abesifazane bakhulu kancane kunabesilisa. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wenyoka ihlukaniswa ngombala onsundu ngokumpunga ngokuba khona komugqa omnyama ozombezelayo ogwini. Umugqa onjalo kwesinye isikhathi uhlukaniswa ube ngamabala ahlukene. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba wale nyoka kunezindawo ezimnyama ezingacijile. Izingxenye eziseceleni zesifonyo senyoka eyi-steppe zikhonjisiwe futhi zaphakanyiswa kancane ngaphezulu kwengxenye engenhla. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlala ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene ze-biotopes, kufaka phakathi ama-steppes, izihlahlana, ugu lolwandle, imithambeka enezintaba ezinamadwala, amathafa ezikhukhula zemifula, kanye nemihosha namahlathi asemifuleni.
UViper Kaznakov
Ubude besilinganiso somzimba wenyoka endala bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-60. Inhloko yabamele inhlobo ibanzi kakhulu, inamaqhuqhuva asesikhashana aqhakazile kanye nesifonyo esishintshile kancane. Ngokubamba intamo ebukhali, ikhanda lihlukanisiwe nomzimba ojiyile. Umbala omkhulu uphuzi ngokusawolintshi noma ubomvu ngokubomvu ngezitini, kanti esifundeni sommango kukhona umugqa obanzi we-zigzag wombala onsundu noma omnyama. Imvamisa, umucu onjalo unenqwaba yamachashaza ahlukanisiwe aphikisiwe. Ikhanda engxenyeni engenhla limnyama namabala ahlukene okukhanya. Le nyoka ivamile ngasogwini loLwandle Olumnyama, futhi ihlala nasezintabeni zehlathi.
I-Viper kaDinik
Yisilwane esihuquzelayo esincane, esinobude obungu-50-55 cm ubude. Umbala engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba uluhlaza okotshani, o-orenji, ophuzi kalamula, onsundu. Kukhona umugqa onsundu noma omnyama ozombezelayo ngemuva, imvamisa unamaphethelo. Iphethini yomhlane wenyoka ngaphakathi kobubanzi ibonakala ngokuhlukahluka. Imvamisa, kunabantu abanamabala amaningi we-oblique eguqukayo. Umugqa we-dorsal uhlukaniswe ezinhlangothini ezinombala omnyama womzimba ngemivimbo elula. Isisu simnyama ngombala, sinamabala akhanyayo, noma umbala okhanyayo, onamabala amnyama. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200-3000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Endaweni yaseKrasnodar Territory, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoka ezingenabuthi, ezinye zazo ezilingisa ngempumelelo izihlobo ezinobuthi lapho zihlangana nabantu. Ngasikhathi sinye, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo ezisabalele, noma ngabe zibukeka zethusa kangakanani, aziyona ingozi kubantu.
IPoloz Pallasov
Isilinganiso sobude benyoka enjalo sifinyelela ku-180 cm. Umbala wohlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba wenyoka ubonakala ngamathoni aphuzi ansundu, ngokuba khona kwamabala amnyama ansundu, anombala omnyama nansundu onsundu futhi anama-rhombic egudla ngemuva, enwetshiwe kancane ngaphesheya. Imigqa yama-specks amancane atholakala ezinhlangothini zenyoka. Iphethini eyingqayizivele enjalo ivezwa kahle kubantu abancane kunabo bonke, kepha njengoba bekhula, iyashelela ngokuphawulekayo. Inyoka yasePallasov isabalele kakhulu esiqeshini esincanyana sogu loLwandle Olumnyama, futhi itholakala kaningi nasemathafeni asemaqeleni nasemahlathini.
Inyoka yomnqumo
Ubude obude bomuntu omdala walezi zinhlobo kuyaqabukela budlula u-100 cm, imvamisa kuba amasentimitha angama-60-70 kuphela. Umbala ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba wenyoka umelwe ngumnqumo noma amathoni ansundu alula. Ezinhlangothini zentamo nasengxenyeni engaphambili yomzimba, kunezindawo ezinkulu ezixubene ezineziphithiphithi ezizungezwe ubumbano nokukhanya okuluhlaka oluphindwe kabili. Iphethini enjalo iyancipha ibheke emsileni womgijimi, futhi ukuhlelwa kancane kancane kulahleka emabala. Indawo yesisu iphuzi noma imhlophe ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Namuhla, abamele lolu hlobo basakazekele engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yoLwandle Olumnyama.
Inyoka ye-Aesculapian
Ummeleli womndeni osuvele umile ufinyelela ebangeni elingamamitha amabili noma ngaphezulu, wehlukile emigqeni emibili yeziqu zeparietali. Ingemuva elijwayelekile umbala ombala wenyoka ophuzi-mpunga-ukhilimu, kwesinye isikhathi kumathoni ansundu womnqumo noma ompunga ngokumpunga. Imiphetho emhlophe kwezinye izikali idala iphethini enezinhlamvu futhi ezacile ngemuva kwalezi zinhlobo. Isisu sivame ukuba mhlophe, sinombala opharele, noma umbala ophuzi weqanda onamabala amnyama. Phakathi kwabamele lezi zinhlobo, ama-albino nawo achazwa, ahlukaniswa ngumzimba onombala wotshani futhi anamehlo abomvu.
ICopperhead ejwayelekile
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-65-70. Umbala wangemuva kwekhanda lethusi ungahluka kusuka emthunzini ompunga kuye kobomvu ophuzi nonsundu ngoku nsundu ngokubomvu. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lubonakala ngokuba khona kwemigqa engu-2-4 yamabala ahlukanisiwe ajikelezayo, kwesinye isikhathi ahlangana abe yimivimbo. Ngemuva kwekhanda, kunamabala amabili ansundu noma imivimbo ehlangana. Inyoka ihlukaniswa yisisu esimpunga noma esinsimbi esinsimbi, imvamisa iba nombala onsundu ngokubomvu onamabala amnyama noma amachashazi. Umugqa omnyama obonakalayo usuka emakhaleni ngamehlo enyoka. ICopperhead ivame ukutholakala emaphethelweni afudumele nasekuhlanzweni.
Amanzi vele
Isirhubuluzi sihlukaniswa ngomnqumo okhanyayo, umpunga womnqumo, oluhlaza okomnqumo noma onsundu emuva onamabala amnyama noma imivimbo emincane enqamulelayo egxadazela. Engxenyeni ye-occipital yenyoka, kuvame ukuba nendawo emnyama esimweni se-V, esikhombe ngasekhanda. Indawo yesisu iphuzi noma ibomvu, inamachashazi amnyama angunxande. Ngesinye isikhathi kunabantu abangenayo iphethini noma abamnyama ngokuphelele ngombala. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bavame ukuhlala esifundeni saseSochi, nasezindaweni eziseduze nedolobha laseKrasnodar.
Inyoka enephethini
Isilinganiso sobude benyoka endala engeyona enobuthi emndenini osuvele umile akuvamile ukuthi sidlule imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Abamele lezi zinhlobo babonakala ngombala ompunga onsundu ngokugqamile womzimba ongaphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi onombala onsundu, ohlanganiswe imivimbo emine enombala onsundu nezindawo ezimnyama. Phezulu kwekhanda lenyoka enephethini, kunephethini ethize kakhulu eshintsha nobudala. Umugqa omnyama wesikhashana ugijima usuka endaweni yamehlo uye entanyeni. Isisu sinombala ompunga noma ophuzi ngombala obomvu noma amabala amnyama amaningana. Kuhlala emathafeni nasehlathini.
Colchis
Inkulu ngosayizi, inekhanda lenyoka enkulu futhi ebanzi, ifinyelela ku-110-130 cm ubude.Engxenyeni engemuva kunamapuleti amnyama anezikhafu, kanti ezinhlangothini zenyoka kunezingqimba ezimhlophe. Uhlangothi lwe-ventral lubonakala ngombala omnyama, ngaphambili kukhona ukushintshana kwamabala amnyama nomhlophe. Ikhanda lenyoka iColchis imhlophe ngaphansi. Isisekelo sokudla kwenyoka engeyona enobuthi simelelwa ngamasele nezinsizwa, esizingela izirhubuluzi entwasahlobo nasekwindla emini, kanye nokuqala kwehlobo - ekushoneni kwelanga nasekuntweleni kokusa. I-Colchis ivame ukutholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKrasnodar Territory.
Sekuvele kujwayelekile
Isici esivelele sale nyoka engenabuthi ukuba khona kwamabhangqa amakhulu, abonakala ngokucacile amachashazi aphuzi, awolintshi, amhlophe, atholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Imvamisa kunezibonelo ezinamabala akhanyayo, angavezwa kahle noma abonakala ngokungabikho kwazo ngokuphelele. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ibonakala ngombala omnyama ompunga noma omnyama. Isisu senyoka ejwayelekile simhlophe namabala amnyama angajwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude obumaphakathi benyoka endala yalolu hlobo bungaphezudlwana nje kwemitha. Izinyoka ezivamile zitholakala esifundeni saseSochi, kanye nasendaweni yedolobha laseKrasnodar.
Uma uhlangane nenyoka
Izinyoka zinzima ukuzwa nokuzibona. Emhlabeni ozizungezile, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuhamba ikakhulukazi ngephunga, noma kunalokho ngezimpawu zokunambitheka komoya. Ngale njongo, izinyoka zihlala zikhipha ulimi lwazo. Abamele iqembu elibusayo bezwa umsindo ngawo wonke umzimba wabo, bezwe ukunyakaza komhlaba. Lapho uhlangana nanoma iyiphi inyoka, awudingi ukuyithinta noma ukuzama ukuyibamba: uma uyibona, hamba uzungeze. Ezindaweni ezingaba yingozi, ungahambisa kuphela ezicathulweni ezivaliwe, okungcono ngokwanele futhi eziqinile.
Kunconywa ukugwema izimbobo noma imihosha, kanye nanoma iziphi ezinye izindawo eziphansi ezigcwele utshani obukhulu obukhulu futhi obude. Khumbula ukuthi izindawo ezigcwele amagundane zikhanga kakhulu ezinyokeni. Lapho uhamba futhi uhamba izintaba, kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu ukukhempa nokuchitha ubusuku eceleni kwezihlahla ezinemigodi, eduze kweziqu ezibolile, eduze neminyango yemifantu noma emigedeni. Lapho uyolala, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinto ezihuquzelayo embhedeni noma esikhwameni sokulala.
Lapho uhlangana nenyoka, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjalo zizama ukugwema ukushayisana okuvulekile nomphikisi wamandla nosayizi ophakeme. Kwesinye isikhathi kwanele ukumane unyathele noma ungqongqoze phansi ngento ukwethusa omele labo abanesikhumba. Isifiso sokuthinta inyoka noma ukuthatha isithombe nayo kungadala ukuhlaselwa. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ezimweni eziningi, izinyoka zihlasela umuntu kuphela uma kunesidingo, kaningi ngenhloso yokuzivikela.
Uma inyoka isilumile
Izimpawu zokuqala zokulunywa yinyoka enobuthi ukuvela kobuhlungu obunzima futhi obukhulayo, kanye nokubonakaliswa okusheshayo kwezimpawu eziyinhloko zokudakwa komzimba jikelele. Ubuthi benyoka obufakwe ngesikhathi sokulunywa bungena bujule kakhulu ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngemuva kwalokho buqala ukusabalala ngokushesha kakhulu ngegazi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isisulu ngosizo lokuqala futhi simhambise ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka esikhungweni sezokwelapha esiseduze.
Lapho uhlinzeka ngosizo lokuqala, ngokweqile akunakwenzeka ukuzama ukuncela ubuthi uma kukhona ngisho namanxeba amancane noma ukulimala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila ngomlomo. Ungafaki i-tourniquet engalweni noma emlenzeni olunywayo, njengoba kulokhu ukugeleza kwegazi kuvinjelwe, futhi inani eliphakeme lobuthi lihlangana endaweni yokulunywa, okungadala ukukhula okusheshayo kwe-necrosis yezicubu noma ukubola. Ukuphuza utshwala, ikhofi, nezinye iziphuzo ezivuselelayo kanye nezethoni kusheshisa ukujikeleza kwegazi futhi kwandise umphumela onobuthi wobuthi emzimbeni. Kunqatshelwe futhi ukubhoboza isilonda.
Ingozi ethile empilweni nasempilweni yomuntu idalwa ukulunywa yinyoka enobuthi enhliziyweni noma entanyeni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kaningi kunokuyeka okuphelele kokuphefumula, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha yenhliziyo nomphumela obulalayo, ngakho-ke, insindiso kuphela yesisulu kuzoba usizo lwezokwelapha olufanelekile kanye nokuphathwa kweseramu ethile ngesikhathi esifanele, okuyikhambi elisebenza kahle kakhulu.
