Inyoka ebabazekayo ye-emerald enomlingiswa onzima, ophupha kakhulu ama-terrariumists, iyisihlahla esinekhanda, noma oluhlaza, i-boa constrictor.
Incazelo ye-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja
ICorallus caninus yigama lesiLatini lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezivela ezinhlotsheni zamabhasi amancane, ayilungu lomndeni wakwaBoidae. Uhlobo lwesimanje iCorallus lufaka amaqembu ezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukile, elinye lawo lifaka phakathi amabhokisi aphethwe yizinja uCorallus caninus noC. Batesii. Owokuqala wachazwa futhi wethulwa emhlabeni nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. Kamuva, ngenxa yombala wamakhorali wezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa, lolu hlobo lwathiwa luhlobo lweCorallus, kwengeza isiphawulo esithi "caninus" (inja), kucatshangelwa ukwakheka kwekhanda lenyoka namazinyo amade.
Ukubukeka
I-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja, njengabanye abameleli bohlobo, inikezwe ubukhulu obukhulu, obucwecwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba nekhanda elikhulu elinamehlo anamehlo ayindilinga, lapho kubonakala khona abafundi abemi mpo.
Okubalulekile. Isicubu somzimba siqine ngokweqile, esichazwa yindlela yokubulala isisulu - i-boa iyasigaxa, siyikhame ngokugona okuqinile.
Wonke ama-pseudopods anemizila yemilenze yangemuva ngesimo sezinzipho eziphuma emaphethelweni endunu, lapho izinyoka zaqanjwa khona ngegama lazo. Ama-pseudopods abuye abonise iziqalo zamathambo / okhalweni lwama-pelvic amathathu futhi anamaphaphu, lapho ilungelo livame ukuba lide kunesobunxele.
Yomibili imihlathi ifakwe amazinyo aqinile, agobele emuva akhula emathanjeni e-palatine nase-pterygoid. Umhlathi ongaphezulu uyiselula, futhi amazinyo ayo amakhulu aphumela phambili ukuze akwazi ukubamba ngokuqinile isisulu, simbozwe ngokuphelele izimpaphe.
I-boa ephethwe yinja ayihlali iluhlaza okotshani njalo, kunabantu abamnyama noma abakhanyayo, imvamisa umbala wesikali useduze nomnqumo. Endle, umbala usebenza njengomsebenzi wokufihla, obaluleke kakhulu lapho uzingela ekuqamekeleni.
Isizinda somzimba "esinotshani" esijwayelekile sihlanjululwa ngamachashaza amhlophe ajikelezayo, kepha asikaze sibe nomugqa omhlophe oqinile emmangweni, njengakuC. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo ezihlobene ziyahluka ngosayizi wezikali ekhanda (eCorallus caninus zinkulu) nasekucushweni kwesifonyo (kuC. Caninus buthuntu kancane).
Ezinye izinyoka zinemhlophe ngokwengeziwe, kanti ezinye zingenamabala ngokuphelele (lezi yizibonelo ezingavamile futhi ezibizayo) noma zibonisa amabala amnyama ngemuva. Ama-specimens ayingqayizivele abonisa inhlanganisela yama-specks amnyama namhlophe. Isisu se-boa constrictor esiphethwe yinja sinombala ngemithunzi yesikhashana kusuka kokumhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo. Ama-boas asanda kuzalwa abomvu-orange noma obomvu ngokugqamile.
Ubukhulu benyoka
I-boa yesihlahla esiluhlaza ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosayizi ovelele, njengoba ikhula ngokwesilinganiso ingeqi ku-2-2.8 m ubude, kepha ihlome ngamazinyo amade kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoka ezingenabo ubuthi.
Ukuphakama kwezinyo le-boa constrictor eliphethwe yinja kuyahluka phakathi kuka-3.8-5 cm, okwanele ukulimaza umuntu kabi.
Kumele kuthiwe ukubukeka okukhangayo kwezikebhe eziphethwe yinja kuqhathanisa nohlamvu olubi kakhulu, olubonakala ekukhetheni kwabo kokudla kanye nobubi bokuzenzakalela (lapho kugcinwa izinyoka ku-terrarium).
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezithathwe emvelweni, azinqikazi ukusebenzisa amazinyo azo amade uma umuntu engazi ukuthi angaphatha kanjani i-boa constrictor ezandleni zakhe. Ama-Boas ahlasela ngokuqinile nangokuphindaphindiwe (enendawo yokuhlasela efinyelela ku-2/3 wobude bomzimba), enza izilonda ezizwelayo, ezivame ukutheleleka nezinzwa ezilimazayo.
Indlela Yokuphila
Ngokusho kwe-herpetologists, kunzima ukuthola izinhlobo ze-arboreal emhlabeni - i-boa ephethwe yinja ilenga ubusuku nemini emagatsheni ngokuma okubonakalayo (ukuzingela, ukudla, ukuphumula, ukucosha izithandani ezizalanayo, zithwala futhi zizale izingane).
Inyoka izigaxa egatsheni eliqondile, ifaka ikhanda layo maphakathi futhi ilenge izindandatho ezi-2 zomzimba ezinhlangothini zombili, cishe ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuma kwayo emini. Umsila we-prehensile usiza ukuhlala egatsheni futhi uhambe ngokushesha esihlokweni esinyene.
Amabhowa aphethwe yizinja, njengazo zonke izinyoka, awanakho ukuvuleka kokuzwa kwangaphandle futhi anendlebe emaphakathi engathuthuki kahle, ngakho-ke cishe awahlukanisi imisindo esatshalaliswa emoyeni.
Ama-green arboreal boas ahlala emahlathini asezingeni eliphansi, acashe ngaphansi kombhede wezihlahla / izihlahla emini futhi azingele ebusuku. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zehla ukuze zishiswe yilanga. Isisulu sifunelwa ukubonga ngamehlo nasemigodini ye-thermoreceptors-pits ebekwe ngaphezulu komlomo ongaphezulu. Ulimi olufakwe imfoloko luthumela namasiginali ebuchosheni, inyoka nayo ebheka isikhala esizungezile.
Lapho igcinwe e-terrarium, i-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja ijwayele ukuhlala emagatsheni, iqale ukudla hhayi ngaphambi kokuhlwa. Ama-boas anempilo, njengezinye izinyoka, i-molt ama-2-3 izikhathi ngonyaka, kanti i-molt yokuqala yenzeka cishe ngesonto ngemuva kokuzalwa.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Akekho ongasho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-boa ephethwe yinja ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ezimweni zayo zemvelo, kepha ekuthunjweni izinyoka eziningi zihlala isikhathi eside impela - iminyaka eyi-15 noma ngaphezulu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane ungalandelwa, okokuqala ngqa, ngosayizi - owokuqala mncane kunowokugcina. Futhi, ezeduna zincane kancane futhi zinikwe uzipho olucace kakhudlwana eduze kwendunu.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-boa ephethwe yinja itholakala kuphela eNingizimu Melika, endaweni yezifunda ezinjenge:
- EVenezuela;
- IBrazil (enyakatho-mpumalanga);
- EGuyana;
- ISuriname;
- IFrench Guiana.
Indawo yokuhlala ejwayelekile yeCorallus caninus ixhaphozi kanye namahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo (zombili izigaba zokuqala nezesibili). Izilwane ezinwabuzelayo eziningi zitholakala ebangeni elingamamitha angama-200 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kodwa abanye abantu bakhuphukela phezulu - kuze kufike ku-1 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amakhumbi aphethwe yizinja ajwayelekile ePhanaima National Park eningizimu-mpumalanga yeVenezuela.
Izikebhe zezihlahla eziluhlaza zidinga indawo enomswakama, ngakho-ke zivame ukuhlala emachibini emifula emikhulu, kufaka phakathi i-Amazon, kepha idamu lemvelo akuyona into edingekayo ukuze kube khona izinyoka ngokugcwele. Banomswakama owanele, owela ngesimo semvula - unyaka wonke lesi sibalo cishe siyi-1500 mm.
Ukudla kwe-boa constrictor ephethwe yinja
Abamele lolu hlobo, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, bakhetha ukuzingela bodwa, futhi babona indlela omakhelwane, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, abanolaka ngayo.
Ukudla emvelweni
Imithombo eminingi ibika ukuthi i-boa ephethwe yizinja idla kuphela izinyoni ezihamba zingaqondile ziseduze kwamazinyo azo amade. Enye ingxenye yodokotela be-herpetologists inesiqiniseko sokuthi iziphetho mayelana nokuzingelwa kwezinyoni ebusuku azinayo imvelaphi yesayensi, ngoba izinsalela zezilwane ezincelisayo, hhayi izinyoni, zihlala zitholakala esiswini samathumbu abulewe.
Izazi zemvelo ezibona kude kakhulu zikhuluma ngentshisekelo ebanzi yokudla kweCorallus caninus, ehlasela izilwane ezahlukahlukene:
- amagundane;
- ama-possum;
- izinyoni (abadlulayo nopholi);
- izinkawu ezincane;
- amalulwane;
- izibankwa;
- izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane.
Kuyathakazelisa. Isigaxa se-boa sihlala siqamekele, silenga egatsheni, bese sigijimela phansi, siqaphela isisulu ukuze sisicoshe phansi. Inyoka ibamba inyamazane ngamazinyo ayo amade futhi iklinya ngomzimba wayo oqinile.
Njengoba izinsizwa ziphila ngaphansi kunezakwabo abadala, maningi amathuba okuthi zithole amaxoxo nezincibilikisi.
Ukudla ekuthunjweni
Ama-boas aphethwe yizinja awabizi kakhulu ekugcineni ngakho-ke awanconyelwa abaqalayo: ikakhulukazi, izinyoka zivame ukwenqaba ukudla, yingakho zidluliselwa ekuphakelweni okufakelwayo. Izinga lokugayeka kwezinto ezihuquzelayo, njengezilwane ezigcina umzimba, linqunywa indawo ezihlala kuyo, futhi njengoba iCorallus caninus itholakala ezindaweni ezipholile, zigaya ukudla isikhathi eside kunezinyoka eziningi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-boa yesihlahla esiluhlaza idla kancane kunezinye.
Isikhathi esifanelekile phakathi kokudla i-boa constrictor yabantu abadala ngamaviki ama-3, kanti izilwane ezincane zidinga ukondliwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kwezi-14. Ngobubanzi, isidumbu akumele seqe ingxenye ejiyile kakhulu ye-boa constrictor, ngoba ingahle ihlanze uma into yokudla ibonakala inkulu ngayo. Iningi lamabhola aphethwe yinja adlula kalula ekuthunjweni kwamagundane, ebondla impilo yabo yonke.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-Ovoviviparity - nansi indlela yokuzalanisa ukwanda kwezinkumbi zezinja, ngokungafani nezinhlwathi, ezizalela futhi zifukamele amaqanda. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ziqala ukuzala ngohlobo lwazo sekwephuzile: abesilisa - eminyakeni engu-3-4, abesifazane - lapho befika eminyakeni engu-4-5.
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha kusukela ngoZibandlela kuya kuMashi, kanti ukuqomisana nokwenza ucansi kwenzeka ngqo emagatsheni. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-boas cishe awadli, futhi eduze kwesifazane okulungele ukukhulelwa, abalingani abaningi bayazungeza ngasikhathi sinye, bathola ilungelo lenhliziyo yakhe.
Kuyathakazelisa. Le mpi iqukethe uchungechunge lokududulana nokualuma, ngemuva kwalokho owinile aqale ukujabulisa owesifazane ngokuhlikihla umzimba wakhe kuye nokunwaya izitho ezingemuva (ezingekho emthethweni) ngozipho.
Owesifazane ovundisiwe wenqaba ukudla kuze kuvele inzalo: okuhlukile amasonto amabili okuqala ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Imibungu engaxhomeki ngqo ekugayweni komzimba kukamama iyakhula esibelethweni sayo, ithola izakhi zomzimba ezikhupha zamaqanda. Amantshontsho aqhamuka emaqandeni esesibelethweni sikamama, futhi azalwa ngaphansi kwefilimu ezacile, cishe egqekeza ngokushesha.
Izinsana zixhunywe ngentambo yesikhwama esingenalutho se-yolk bese ziphula lokhu kuxhumana cishe izinsuku ezingama-2-5. Ukubeletha kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-240-260. Owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukuzala amawundlu amahlanu kuya kwangama-20 (ngokwesilinganiso, angadluli kweshumi nambili), ngalinye lalo linesisindo esingu-20-50 g futhi likhula lifike ku-0.4-0.5 m.
Iningi "lezingane" lipendwe ngombala obomvu we-carmine, kepha kuneminye imibala ehlukile - onsundu, ophuzi kalamula ngisho ne-fawn (enamachashazi amhlophe abambekayo osebeni).
E-terrariums, ama-boas aphethwe yizinja angacwaswa kusuka eminyakeni emibili ubudala, kepha inzalo esezingeni eliphakeme izalwa ngabantu abadala. Ukuzala kukhuthazwa ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa lasebusuku liye kuma- +22 degrees (ngaphandle kokunciphisa ukushisa kwasemini), kanye nangokugcina ozakwethu abangahlukana ngokwehlukana.
Khumbula ukuthi ukuzala uqobo kuzodala izinkinga eziningi: amaqanda angenamvundiso, imibungu engakathuthuki kahle kanye nodaba lwenkukhu kuzophela ku-terrarium, okuzofanele isuswe.
Izitha zemvelo
Izilwane ezahlukahlukene ziyakwazi ukubhekana ne-boa ephethwe yinja yabantu abadala, futhi hhayi ukuthi zidla inyama:
- izingulube zasendle;
- ama-jaguar;
- izinyoni ezizingelayo;
- izingwenya;
- ama-caimans.
Izitha zemvelo eziningi emabhodweni asanda kuzalwa nakhulayo ziyigwababa, ziqapha izibankwa, onogwaja, ama-mongoose, izimpungushe, ama-coyotes nama-kites.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kusukela ngo-2019, i-International Union for Conservation of Nature ihlukanise i-boa constrictor ephethwe yizinja njengezinhlobo Ezisengozini Engatheni (LC). I-IUCN ayibonanga usongo olusheshayo endaweni yokuhlala yaseCorallus caninus ebangeni layo eliningi, ivuma ukuthi kunesici esisodwa esikhathazayo - ama-boas wokuzingela athengiswayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho behlangana namakhumbi ezihlahla eziluhlaza, imvamisa babulawa yizakhamizi zendawo.
ICorallus caninus ibhalwe ohlwini lweSithasiselo II seCITES, kanti amazwe amaningi anezabelo zokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezinyoka, ngokwesibonelo, eSuriname, akukho bantu abangaphezu kuka-900 abavunyelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe (idatha ka-2015).
Ngokusobala, izinyoka eziningi zithunyelwa ngokungemthetho zisuka eSuriname kunalokho okuhlinzekwe yisilinganiso sokuthekelisa, okuthi, ngokwe-IUCN, sithinte kabi usayizi wabantu (kuze kube manje ezingeni lesifunda). Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuqapha eSuriname naseBrazil Guiana kukhombisile ukuthi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyivelakancane ngokwemvelo noma zifihle ngobuciko kubabukeli, okwenza kube nzima ukubala inani lomhlaba wonke.
