Lo mmeli womndeni webadger uthole igama elithi "pig badger" ngenxa yesikhala semakhaleni kanye nesifonyo esihambayo, asakaza ngaso emhlabathini, efuna ukudla.
Ingulube Badger Incazelo
I-Arctonyx collaris (pig badger) evela emndenini weasel ibizwa njalo nge-teledu, engalungile futhi edalwe yiphutha elenziwe ngu-Academician Vladimir Sokolov emsebenzini "Systematics of mammals" (ivolumu III). Eqinisweni, igama elithi "teledu" lingelohlobo lweMydaus javanensis (iSunda enukayo imbila) evela kuhlobo lweMydaus, uSokolov aluphuthelwa ngenkathi kwenziwa uhlelo.
Ukubukeka
Inyama yengulube ihluke kakhulu kwamanye amabheji, ngaphandle kokuthi inesifonyo esihlangane kakhulu esinesici esimnyama esibomvu esingumbala ogcwele izinwele ezincanyana. Ingulube endala ikhula ibe ngu-0.55-0.7 m futhi inesisindo esingu-7-14 kg.Isidlakela esinobuningi, esiphakathi nendawo esinomzimba ominyene ohlangene, otshalwe emilenzeni ewugqinsi.... Izingalo zangaphambili zihlome ngezinzipho ezinamandla, ezigobeke kakhulu, ezihle kakhulu ekumbeni.
Intamo ayiphinyiswa, yingakho umzimba uhlangana nekhanda, elinomumo oyindilinga. Umlomo omfisha uwele ngemivimbo emibili ebanzi emnyama eqala odebeni olungaphezulu iye entanyeni (ngamehlo nangezindlebe). Izindlebe zebhegi yengulube zincane, zimbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya. Amehlo mancane futhi ahlukene ngaphandle. Umsila wobude obuphakathi nendawo (12-17 cm) ufana notshisi ophekiwe, futhi ngokujwayelekile izinwele zezilwane zesilwane zibukeka ziqhelelene futhi zincane.
Ngemuva, kukhula ijazi elinsundu ngokubomvu, mpunga noma onsundu ngokufana, ngethoni efanayo noboya obumboze izingalo zangaphambili. Izitho zangemuva ezinamacala kwesinye isikhathi zikhanya kancane futhi zinombala ompunga ophuzi. Isisu, izidladla nezinyawo kuvame ukuba mnyama, futhi umbala okhanyayo (ocishe ube mhlophe), ngaphandle kwesifonyo, uyabonakala nasezincwadini zezindlebe, umphimbo, ukhalo (ngezingcezu) nasemsileni. Inyama yengulube, njengamanye amabheji, inezindlala ezakhiwe kahle zangasese.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ingulube iboshelwe emgodini wayo futhi ihlala impilo yokuhlala, ingaqhubeki ibanga elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-400-500 ukusuka lapho ihlala khona unomphela. ... Ngokudla okuningi, izilwane zihlala eduze komunye nomunye, zibeka imisele emthambekeni owodwa womhosha. Imigodi imbiwa yodwa noma isebenzisa izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhukhuleka kwamagatsha emfuleni noma ukuphuma ngaphansi kwamatshe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Bachitha isikhathi esiningi emgodini: ebusika - hhayi ngisho nosuku, kepha amasonto. Ezinyangeni ezinzima kakhulu (ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari - Mashi), izimbila zezingulube zingena ebusika, kodwa, okungalokothi zinde, njengezimbila eziningi, kepha kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Uhlala emgodini awagebha iminyaka, enwebisa, ejulisa futhi engeza imibhoshongo, ngenxa yalokho iba lukhuni ngokwedlulele futhi ibe yinkimbinkimbi: ukuphuma okungu-2-5 kuthathelwa indawo yimigodi emisha engama-40-50. Kuyiqiniso, kunemigudu emisha embalwa esebenza njalo, yonke eminye isesimweni semikhawulo, esetshenziswa uma kwenzeka kuba yingozi noma kuma-badger aphumela ngaphandle emoyeni omusha.
Izingulube zezingulube zivame ukubuyela emuva futhi zivame ukufuna ukudla ngakunye.... Okuhlukile ngabesifazane abanamathole, abadla ndawonye ngokuhlanganyela eduze nomhume.
Umsele webheja uhlanzekile ngokumangazayo - akukho okusalile (njengempungushe) noma indle. Ukulandela ukuhlanzeka okungokwemvelo, isilwane sihlomisa izindlu zangasese ezihlahleni / otshanini obude, njengomthetho, kude nezindlu.
Muva nje, kuye kwavezwa ukuthi imbuzi yengulube iphapheme hhayi kuphela ebusuku (njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili), kepha futhi nasemini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umhlaseli cishe akabesabi abantu futhi, ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi zasendle, akafihli lapho ehamba ehlathini. Uhogela phezulu, uphonsa umhlabathi ngamakhala, futhi wenza umsindo omkhulu lapho enyakaza, okuzwakala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamahlamvu omile notshani.
Okubalulekile! Amehlo akhe awaboni kahle - ubona izinto ezihambayo kuphela, futhi ukuzwa kwakhe kuyefana nokwomuntu. Umuzwa obukhali wephunga, othuthukiswe kangcono kunezinye izinzwa, usiza isilwane ukuzulazula emkhathini.
Sisesimweni esizolile, isilwane siyagquma, esimweni esithukuthele sikhonona ngokungazelelwe, sishintshele ekukhaleni okushwabene lapho silwa nezihlobo noma sihlangana nezitha. Inyama yengulube iyabhukuda, kodwa ingena emanzini ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani imbila yengulube
Ekuthunjweni, abameleli bezinhlobo baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engu-14-16 ubudala, kodwa baphila kancane endle.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Njengawo wonke ama-weasel amakhulu (i-badger, i-harza, i-otter nezinye), i-pig badger ayinakho umehluko ovelele phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane.
Izinhlobo zezingulube
Njengamanje, ama-subspecies ayi-6 enkomo yengulube achaziwe, ahluke kakhulu ngaphandle kwawo nasendaweni yawo yokuhlala:
- I-Arctonyx collaris collaris - i-Assam, iBhutan, iSikkim kanye nenhlansi eseningizimu-mpumalanga yamaHimalaya;
- I-Arctonyx collaris albugularis - iChina eseningizimu;
- Umashiqela wase-Arctonyx collaris - iVietnam, iThailand kanye nenyakatho yeBurma;
- I-Arctonyx collaris consul - iMyanmar kanye ne-Assam eseningizimu;
- I-Arctonyx collaris leucolaemus - enyakatho yeChina;
- I-Arctonyx collaris hoevi - iSumatra.
Okubalulekile! Akuzona zonke izazi zezilwane ezihlukanisa izinhlobo ezi-6 ze-Arctonyx collaris: abahlanganisi bohlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN banesiqiniseko sokuthi imbiza yengulube ine-subspecies ezi-3 kuphela.
Indawo yokuhlala
Le ngulube ihlala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi itholakala eBangladesh, eBhutan, eThailand, eVietnam, eMalaysia, eNdiya, eBurma, eLaos, eCambodia, e-Indonesia naseSumatra.
Ukusatshalaliswa okuqhubekayo kwalezi zinhlobo kubonakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, kanye naseBangladesh, lapho kuhlala khona inani lezilwane eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe.
EBangladesh, ibanga lenyama yengulube lihlanganisa:
- IChunoti Wildlife Sanctuary;
- Ikhampasi yaseChittagong University;
- Fashahali Wildlife Sanctuary;
- enyakatho-mpumalanga (izifunda zaseSylhet, Habigondj naseMulovibazar);
- ILazachara National Park.
ELaos, izilwane zihlala ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, enkabeni naseningizimu yezwe, kanti eVietnam uhla lwenyama yengulube luhlukaniswe kakhulu. Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emahlathini asindayo asezindaweni ezishisayo (ezinamakhaza nezihlala ziluhlaza) nezigodi ezigcwele izikhukhula, umhlaba wezolimo kanye namahlathi. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, ingulube ingatholakala ngaphezu kuka-3.5 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Ukudla kwebheji yengulube
Isidlakela simuncu, futhi sithola ukudla kwaso okuhlukahlukene kubonga kwempumulo ebucayi ne-nimble. Ukudla kwenkomo yengulube kufaka ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane:
- izimpande ezinamanzi nezitshalo zezimpande;
- izithelo;
- ama-invertebrate (izibungu nezibungu zomhlaba);
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Lapho sidinga ukudla, lesi silwane sisebenza ngenkuthalo ngezidladla zaso zangaphambili ngezinzipho eziqinile, sisakaza umhlaba ngomlomo waso futhi sisebenzisa izinsalela zomhlathi ongezansi. Abantu bendawo bavame ukubona imbila ibamba izinkalankala emifuleni emincane eseduze.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sivame ukuwa ngoMeyi, kepha ukuzalwa kwenzalo kuyabambezeleka - abancane bazalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10, okuchazwa yisigaba se-lateral, lapho ukukhula kombungu kubambezeleka khona.
NgoFebhuwari - Mashi wonyaka olandelayo, insikazi yengulube yembuzi iletha kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-6, kepha imidlwane emithathu engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele futhi engaboni, enesisindo esingu-70-80 g.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amantshontsho akhula kancane, ethola ama-auricles ngamasonto amathathu, evula amehlo ezinsukwini ezingama-35-42 futhi athole amazinyo ngenyanga e-1.
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamazinyo, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukunciphisa kuyaphawulwa, lapho ukuqhuma kwamazinyo obisi kuyeka, kepha lapho unezinyanga eziyi-2,5, ukukhula kwamazinyo ahlala njalo. Izazi zeZoologists zihlobanisa lesi senzakalo nokudla okude kuphela kobisi kanye nokushintshela emuva, kepha okusheshayo emadlelweni.
Ukuncelisa abesifazane kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezine... Ama-badger amancane ngokuzithandela adlala futhi adlale nabafowethu / odade, kepha njengoba bekhula, balahlekelwa amakhono okuhlangana kanye nesifiso sokuxhumana. Izingulube zezingulube zithola imisebenzi yokuzala ngezinyanga eziyi-7-8.
Izitha zemvelo
Ingulube imbila inokuzivumelanisa okuningana okusiza ukuvikela ezitheni zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ama-fining amakhulu (ingwe, ihlosi, ingulule) nabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kusetshenziswa amazinyo anamandla nezinzipho eziqinile ezinhlangothini ezimbili ngasikhathi sinye: i-badger isheshe iphule umhlabathi ngayo ukuze icashe ezingwe / amahlosi, noma ilwe nayo uma ukuphunyuka kungaphumeleli.
Endimeni yokubuyisa izinto ezibonakalayo, kunombala omthende omude onemigqa emide, okuhlaba umxhwele, ngasendleleni, hhayi kwazo zonke izidalwa ezizingelayo. Isithiyo esilandelayo yisikhumba esijiyile, esenzelwe ukuvikela emanxebeni ajulile, kanye nemfihlo ebabayo efihliwe yizindlala zangasese.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Umkhuba wamanje wesibalo se-Arctonyx collaris kusukela ngo-2018 saziwa njengokwehla. Ingulube ibalwa njengezinhlobo ezisengozini kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN ngenxa yokwehla njalo kwamanani ayo. Ukuzingela kuthathwa njengenye yezinsongo ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi eVietnam naseNdiya, lapho inyamazane yengulube izingelwa khona ngenxa yesikhumba sayo kanye namafutha ayo. Izinga lokwehla kulindeleke ukuthi lenyuke, ikakhulukazi eMyanmar naseCambodia. Isimo eCambodia siba sibi kakhulu ngokufuneka kwengulube emithini yesintu, eyenziwa kakhulu ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Inani lezimbila nalo liyancipha ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yabo ejwayelekile ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomkhakha wezimboni zezolimo. Ukwehla okuncane kwabantu kubikezelwa cishe. ISumatra neningi laseChina. ELao People's Democratic Republic naseVietnam, izingulube zezingulube zivame ukubanjwa ezingibeni zensimbi ezenzelwe ukubamba ama-ungulates amakhulu. Isimo sokusetshenziswa kwezicupho ezinjalo sandile eminyakeni engama-20 edlule, futhi lo mkhuba uyaqhubeka.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lusengozini enkulu ngenxa yendlela yalo yokuphila ngokushona kanye nokuntuleka kwemfihlo engaphakathi. Izimbuzi zezingulube azibesabi abantu abavame ukuza ehlathini nezinja nezikhali.
Ukuzingela kusesengcupheni enkulu ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yebanga, hhayi ukudlala indima ebalulekile kwabasentshonalanga. Izinkumbi eziningi zezingulube ziyafa ngesikhathi sezikhukhula ngezikhathi ezithile zethafa lezikhukhula eKaziranga National Park (India). Izimangalo zebheji lengulube zesintu ziqukethe iziphakamiso ezimbalwa: okokuqala, izilwane, ukwephula inhlabathi, ukulimaza izitshalo, futhi, okwesibili, ngamathuba aphezulu, zingabathwali bamarabi.
I-Arctonyx collaris ivikelwe ngumthetho eThailand, kuzwelonke eNdiya, nangaphansi kweWildlife Act (2012) eBangladesh. Ingulube ayivikelwe ngokomthetho eVietnam / eCambodia, futhi iyisilwane esincelisayo esingenakuzivikela esikhulu kunazo zonke, ngaphandle kweSus scrofa (izingulube zasendle), eMyanmar. Kuhlwanyela kuphela i-Arctonyx collaris efakwe kuhlu Olubomvu lwaseChina Lwezinhlobo Ezisengozini.
