Ingulube yase-Vietnamese ephethwe ngamabhodwe ingeyohlobo olusha lwengulube yasekhaya, eyaqala ukwaziswa eCanada naseMpumalanga Yurophu eminyakeni engaphezulu kwamashumi amathathu edlule isuka eVietnam. Kuze kube manje, umsebenzi wokuzalisa uyaqhubeka, okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa izici zekhwalithi yalolu hlobo ukuze kwandiswe usayizi nobukhulu bemisipha. Umsebenzi osebenza kakhulu manje wenziwa ngabachwepheshe abavela eCanada, eHungary nase-Ukraine.
Incazelo yengulube yase-Vietnamese enamabhodlela
Namuhla, abamele abahlanzekile bezinhlobo zezimbiza zaseVietnam zisakazeke eCanada, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eHungary, e-Ukraine naseRomania. Muva nje, abalimi bezingulube ezidla ubhedu zase-Asia bavele eBelarus naseRussia, lapho lolu hlobo lusengavamile kakhulu, kepha luyathembisa kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abamele lolu hlobo abaguquguquki kahle hhayi kuphela kusimo sezulu esishisayo, esinomswakama sase-Asia, kodwa futhi nakubusika obunzima kakhulu baseCanada nasenkabeni yeYurophu.
Izisu zaseVietnam zisheshe zikhule, ngakho-ke zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zineminyaka engama-4-6 izinyanga.... Izilwane ezinjalo zisebenzisa kahle amadlelo ejwayelekile edlelo. Izinzuzo zohlobo zifaka nokuvikeleka okuphezulu, ukukhiqiza ubisi oluhle kakhulu kanye ne-psyche elinganiselayo yezingulube, okusiza kakhulu ukunakekelwa kwenzalo.
Ukubukeka
Isilwane esakhelwe ubhekeni esinomzimba obanzi futhi omfushane ngesifuba esibanzi nesithuthuke kahle. Ama-Gilts nezinsikazi ezindala zinesisu esinesibindi futhi esikhulu. Inhloko incane ngosayizi, inesimo esishiwo se-pug. Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, izingulube zasendle zibonakala ngokukhula okusebenzayo kwama-canines, ubukhulu bawo obungafinyelela ku-10-15 cm ngeminyaka emithathu.
Izindlebe zokufaka zincane. Abantu abadala bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwama-bristles amade esifundeni kusuka ku-croup kuye entanyeni, bakha uphawu "mohawk". Isimo esingokomzwelo esikhungathekile noma esijabulisayo sesilwane sasemapulazini esinjalo singanqunywa kalula ukubonakala okungajwayelekile kwe "Mohawk".
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwakuvela engulubeni yase-Vietnamese enamabhodlela lapho uhlobo oluthandwa kakhulu kangaka lokuhlobisa olubizwa nge-mini-pig (oluvela kwi-mini mini yesiNgisi - encane, nengulube - luvele kungekudala.
Abameleli bohlobo oluhlanzekile bahlukaniswa ngombala omsulwa omnyama, kanye nombala omnyama ngokuba khona kwamabala amancane amhlophe ekhanda nasezinsungwini. Kwesinye isikhathi ku-litter ungabona ukubonakala kwenzalo enombala ofana nowengulube yasendle. Ubomvu obumnyama obunjalo obunomugqa we-longitudinal nombala okhanyayo kakhulu akujwayelekile kubamele lolu hlobo.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Izingulube ezine-puffy-bellied pigs ziphakathi kwezilwane ezingenakuzithoba ezihlukaniswa ngesimo esihle nenhlanzeko engaphakathi.... Ngokugcina ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yokugcina, izilwane cishe azihlushwa izifo, zijwayela ngokuphelele futhi ngokushesha ukuvumelana nezimo ezahlukahlukene zokuboshwa. Izilwane zondla kahle futhi zondla kalula.
Abamele lolu hlobo, noma ngabe baneminyaka emingaki, bahlukaniswa ngobuhlakani babo obusheshayo, kanye nokuzola okuphelele, abahleleli imigudu futhi abenzi msindo ngaphandle kwesizathu. Izingulube ezidla utshani zase-Asia azinabungane nabantu kuphela, kodwa futhi nanoma iziphi ezinye izilwane zezolimo noma ezifuywayo. Kungenxa yekhono lokuhlangana kalula, isimo esihle nesayizi encane, kanye nokubukeka okungajwayelekile ukuthi izingulube zase-Asia bezisakazeka ngentshiseko eminyakeni yamuva emazweni amaningi omhlaba njengezilwane okuthiwa zihambisana.
Ukudla kwezingulube zase-Vietnamese
Abalimi abavela emazweni ahlukene bacishe ngokushesha bakwazi ukwazisa izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zabameleli bohlobo lwase-Asia oludlayo. Lapho ugcina izingulube zaseVietnam, izindleko ezinkulu zokudla azidingeki, azikho izinkinga ngokulungiswa kokudla, futhi imali yangempela ingatholwa ngesikhathi esifushane.
Ukudla ingulube
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokuphakelwa okunekhono kwamazinyane ezingulube ase-Vietnamese asezimbizeni:
- kuze kube izinyanga ezimbili ubudala, udinga ukondla ingulube kasikhombisa ngosuku, okuqinisekisa ukugaywa okulungile nokungaphazanyiswa, ukukhiqizwa kwenani elanele lejusi lesisu;
- Kunconywa ukuthi udlulisele amantshontsho anezinyanga ezimbili ubudala ekudleni kathathu ngosuku ngokwethulwa kwama-beet abilisiwe, amazambane, ithanga nokolweni. Ingxube esuselwe kumasondo, imidumba kanye nembabazane inika umphumela omuhle. Izinga lokuphakelayo elijwayelekile lingu-3 kg;
- lapho unezinyanga ezintathu kuya ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhulise kakhulu inani lamaprotheni ekudleni, kanye nokwandisa isilinganiso sansuku zonke sokudla ku-4 kg;
- lapho unezinyanga eziyisikhombisa, isilinganiso samantshontsho sansuku zonke sikhula sifike ku-6.0-6.5 kg, futhi ukuze uthole isisindo esisheshayo, kwamukelekile ukusebenzisa okuphakelayo okumanzi, okuyimbudumbudu nokuhlukahlukene okuxekethile.
Yonke inqubo yokukhuluphalisa amantshontsho ohlobo lwe-Asian herbivorous ingahlukaniswa ngombandela ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko, ngasinye sazo sibonakala ngokudla okwehlukile okuhambisana kahle nezici zeminyaka yesilwane sepulazi:
- isikhathi sokuncelisa phakathi namasonto amane okuqala wokukhuluphala sihambisana nokulunyulwa kwamazinyane esibelethweni. Kulesi sigaba, lonke ubisi lwembuzi noma lwenkomo kumele lube khona ekudleni;
- Isikhathi sokukhulisa sithatha kusuka emavikini amane kuya ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalombili kusukela ekuzalweni futhi sithatha izimo ezifanele zokukhula kwamathambo nokwakhiwa kwemisipha. Izingulube kule minyaka zidla utshani obuncane obumnandi, futhi inani elanele lamavithamini livumela isilwane ukuthi sikhule ngokujwayelekile.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi enkathini yesithathu yokuphakelwa okuyinhloko, ukudla kwengulube edlekayo ebhodweni kufanele kufakwe ngenkuthalo ngemfucumfucu yemifino, kufaka phakathi amakhasi amazambane, abangela ukwakheka okwandayo kongqimba olwanele.
Ukudla kwezingulube ezindala
Ebusika, ngenxa yezizathu zemvelo impela, ukudla okuluhlaza okusha akufakwa ekudleni kwezisu zamabhodwe zaseVietnam... Ngalesi sikhathi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha kahle ukufaka okulinganayo kwemifino. Isisekelo esithembisa kakhulu sokudla ngenkathi ebandayo kungenzeka kube okuphakelayo okwethulwayo:
- hay yezimbotyi;
- hay ezinye okusanhlamvu;
- izitshalo zokusanhlamvu;
- ukudla okunomsoco ngesimo sezaqathe, ama-apula, amazambane namathanga;
- okuphakelayo okwenziwe ngomumo okwenziwe ngomumo;
- inhlama yamabele.
Kumele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-chestnut namacorn acorn avuniwe futhi asomisiwe anomthelela omuhle kakhulu empilweni nasekhiqizweni kwesilwane sasepulazini. Kunconywa ukwengeza izingxenye ezinjalo zokuphakela ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezithasiselo zamaminerali. Ebusika, isabelo sokudla sansuku zonke sehlukaniswe kathathu noma kane kokudla, futhi inani eliphelele likhethwa ngokuya ngezici zeminyaka yesilwane. Ukuthola umphumela omkhulu, kungakuhle ukuthi ushintshe phakathi kokuphakelwa okunamanzi okuhlukahlukene, ubeke imifino ngezithelo.
Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sehlobo, inani lama-concentrate kanye nokuphakelwa okuhlanganisiwe kumthamo ophelele wokudla kufanele wehliswe ube cishe ngama-20-25%... Ama-75-80% asele kufanele athathwe ngamakhambi, imifino nezithelo ezahlukahlukene. Isici esivelele sohlobo lwezingulube zase-Vietnamese ezinamabhodwe ukukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ngokuhambisana nezimo zokugcinwa kwamadlelo, ngakho-ke, ehlobo, uma kungenzeka ukuhlela ibanga lokuhamba elanele, kungakuhle ukuthi umhlambi uhlale otshanini obusha obusha. Izingulube kufanele zikhishwe ekuseni nasebusuku ukuze zidle esibayeni sangaphandle.
Esigabeni sokugcina sokukhuluphalisa izingulube ezindala zase-Asia ezidla imifino, inhloso enkulu ukuthola ukukhuluphala okungenzeka kakhulu, kanye nokwenza ngcono izici zekhwalithi yenyama. Ngalesi sikhathi, egxile kule misebenzi, umfuyi kufanele ashintshe kancane ukudla kwansuku zonke ngamaphesenti afanele wokudla okugxilile nemifino.
Ukwakheka okuhle kokuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe esigabeni sokondla ingulube yase-Vietnamese enezimbiza kwethulwa:
- ibhali elisha eliphakeme elingu-40-50% wenani lokudla okuphelele;
- ukolweni ngenani lama-25-30% wokudla kwansuku zonke;
- ingxube yommbila, uphizi nama-oats esamba esingu-25-30%.
Ifolishi eluhlaza okotshani yezilwane zasepulazini ezingathobeki zingondliwa ngobuningi hhayi nje ngokuhamba okuhleliwe, kepha nangokudla kwamahhala ezimweni zamadlelo, futhi okungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-clover, i-alfalfa ne-sweet clover ngale njongo.
Ukuzala nokukhula
Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezingulube ezikhuliswe namuhla, yizisu zamabhodwe zaseVietnam ezingaphansi kwesigaba sezinto ezingathobeki kakhulu futhi ezivumelanisa ngokushesha ngokudala izimo zokugcina nokufuya. Noma kunjalo, ekukhuleni okugcwele nokukhula okusebenzayo kwengulube edla inyama yase-Asia kanye nenzalo yayo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubheke amaphuzu ayisisekelo, alula wokugcinwa:
- ukutholakala kwekhwalithi ephezulu, esebenza kahle yokungenisa umoya kohlobo lokuphakela nokukhipha, okuzoqinisekisa umbuso ophelele wokushisa walezi zilwane ezolimo lapho kushisa ehlobo;
- ukhonkolo phansi embozwe ngamaphalethi akhethekile okhuni, alula futhi ahlanzeka kalula, kanye nokuvimbela ukubanda kwezingulube ezinamabhodwe emakhazeni amakhulu;
- ukutholakala kwendawo yokuhamba eyanele enendawo yokukhosela emvuleni yomoya kanye nemisebe yelanga eshisayo;
- ukubekwa kwezikhala zokuklwebha endaweni yokulungiselela okulungiselelwe, kanye nomgodi okhethekile ogcwele inani elincane lamanzi;
- ukondla okulinganiselwe ngokuphelele nokujwayelekile, kucatshangelwa zonke izici zobudala nesimo sezempilo sesilwane sasepulazini.
Esimweni sepeni elilodwa, elenzelwe ukugcina ingulube eyodwa enkulu, izisu ezimbili noma ezintathu zabantu abadala baseVietnam zingangena kahle. Intsha yalolu hlobo nayo ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwa ekuhlanzweni okujwayelekile kwesibaya sezingulube ngokubulala amagciwane okuhleliwe kwezinto zokudla nezindawo zokuboshwa.
Izingulube ezisanda kuzalwa kufanele zinikezwe igumbi lokushisa elingu-20-22 ° C. Ngale njongo, kaningi, kufakwa izibani ezikhethekile ngaphezu komshini, zifudumeza umoya.
Izifo, izinhlobo zokuzala
Izingulube zase-Vietnamese ezinamabhodwe zinezinga eliphakeme lokumelana nomzimba, futhi ukuvela kwezifo imvamisa kungumphumela we:
- ukuminyana kwezilwane;
- okuqukethwe okungcolile;
- ukondla okungafanele;
- ukunganakwa kokugoma okujwayelekile.
Amaphutha ekudleni angadala ukuphazamiseka komzimba ezilwaneni ezinjalo, ukuvela kokushoda kwamavithamini kanye nokuphazamiseka kokudla. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nemithetho ejwayelekile yesondlo kubanga ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo nezihlasela, futhi kubangele nokuvela kwezilokazane zesikhumba.
Izifo ezisakazeka ngokushesha ziyingozi enkulu empilweni nasempilweni yezingulube ezidla umhlanganiso e-Asia:
- i-pseudorabies noma isifo sika-Aujeszky, esibangelwa igciwane elinamandla kakhulu eliqukethe i-molecule ye-DNA ethinta uhlelo lwezinzwa ezilwaneni;
- i-gastroenteritis yegciwane, engeye-coronavirus, edala ngokushesha ukomisa umzimba nokudakwa komzimba;
- i-erysipelas ngendlela ebukhali, e-subacute futhi engapheli, evame ukukhula ezingulubeni ezineminyaka esukela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya onyakeni owodwa;
- i-salmonellosis, ebangela ukugula kwamathumbu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa okuqala kuphela okungaqinisekisa umphumela omuhle;
- I-Escherichiosis, noma i-colibacillosis ebangelwa i-Escherichia coli, eqala ukwanda ngenkuthalo ngamaphutha okudla okunempilo noma ngenxa yokwehla kokuzivikela komzimba;
- i-anthrax, imvamisa ifomu eligcwele, lapho isimo sokudlikizelwa sithathelwa indawo ngokushesha ngomphumela obulalayo;
- ingulube yengulube, ebangelwa igciwane eliqukethe i-DNA eliphikisana kakhulu nasendaweni engeyinhle;
- i-listeriosis ebangelwa igciwane le-polymorphic elingena emzimbeni wesilwane ngokulimala kolwelwesi lwamafinyila noma isikhumba;
- isifo se-circovirus, esivusa ukuvuvukala okukhulu kwama-lymph node nemithambo yegazi.
Izifo zesikhumba ezibangelwa ama-ectoparasites ziyathathelana, kepha ezimweni zokwelashwa okunekhono futhi okufika ngesikhathi, zinesibikezelo esihle kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isilwane esigulayo silele noma sizingcwabe ngaphansi kombhede, sithathe isikhundla senja ehleli phansi, futhi phakathi kokunye, isifo sohudo, iso elicindezelekile noma ukuphuma kwamakhala, ukungabi nesifiso sokudla kanye nokwehla kwesisindo, izimo zovalo ngendlela yokubamba noma ukuphonsa ikhanda emuva kungenzeka.
Lezi zifo zivame kakhulu ukufaka izintwala notwayi. Kaningi, izingulube zaseVietnam ezinamabhodwe zingakha ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic ngendlela ye-ascariasis, esophagostomosis, ne-trichinosis.
Izinzuzo nobubi bohlobo
Kukhona izinzuzo zombili ezithile kanye nobubi obusobala bokugcina izingulube zase-Vietnamese ezinamabhodwe egcekeni noma endaweni epulazini.
Izinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa zokuzalisa ingulube e-herbivorous Asia zifaka:
- kudla okuncane kakhulu okusanhlamvu, futhi cishe ama-80% esamba esiphelele sokukhuluphala kungaba okuphakelayo okuluhlaza namanzi;
- inyama yengulube ene-pot-bellied ingulube inamanzi futhi ithenda kakhulu, inengqimba encane yebhekoni;
- kuyinto efiselekayo ukugoma izilwane ezinjalo zasemapulazini, kepha ngokwemvelo zihlukaniswa nempilo enhle, ngakho-ke, kuyaqabukela zigule;
- Izingulube zase-Vietnamese ezinamabhodwe ziyavuthwa kusenesikhathi, futhi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi zinezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine;
- emfucumfucwini wengulube edla inyama yase-Asia, kuvame ukuba khona izingulube eziyishumi kuya kweziyishumi nambili;
- izingulube ezingabantu abadala ezihlanzekile zingomama abanaka kakhulu futhi abakhathalelayo maqondana nenzalo yabo, ngakho-ke ukukhulisa amantshontsho kungadali nkinga enkulu;
- Izingulube ezidla utshani zase-Asia zihlukaniswa ngengqondo elinganiselayo kanye nomlingiswa ozolile, onenhliziyo enhle;
- izilwane zasemapulazini zihlanzekile kakhulu, ziyakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi "kwekamelo lokulala" kanye "nendlu yangasese" ngaphakathi kwesibaya, ngakho-ke iphunga elisesibayeni sezingulube lincane.
Kukhona ukushiyeka okumbalwa kakhulu kubamele bohlobo lweVietnam, kepha kothile kungabonakala kuphawuleka kakhulu. Isimo esiyinhloko sokugcina kahle ukuvikela izilwane kusuka kuzinto ezibonakalayo kanye nobumanzi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngaphandle kokuvuthwa okuhle kwezingulube ezidla utshani zase-Asia, kungakuhle ukuthi uvumele le ngulube ingakafiki ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezinhlanu, ngemuva kokufinyelela isisindo esingama-30 kg noma ngaphezulu, okuzovumela ukuthi ithole inzalo eqinile futhi enempilo ngokuphelele.
Okuphakelayo kwansuku zonke kufanele kufanele iminyaka yengulube futhi kufanele uhlelo lokugaya ukudla, ngakho-ke i-roughage engagayeki kahle kufanele inciphiswe.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Izingulube zaseVietnam eziphethwe ngamabhodwe noma izingulube zase-Asia ezidliwe zivele endaweni yaseRussia muva nje, ngakho-ke abalimi basekhaya nabaninikhaya abanalo ulwazi olwanele nesipiliyoni ekukhuliseni.Noma kunjalo, abanikazi abaningi balezi zilwane zasemapulazini sebekwazile ukwazisa izinzuzo zabo kunokufuya kwezingulube zendabuko. Ingxenye yokuthandwa kwalolu hlobo kungenxa yobukhulu bayo obuhlanganisiwe, imvelo enhle nemvelo enokuthula. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, naphezu kokubonakala kwakamuva ezweni lethu, akukho ukushoda kwamazinyane ezingulube zalolu hlobo, futhi izindleko zawo zingabizi kakhulu.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Idada leBashkir
Abanikazi abashisekayo abanepulazi elisizayo basanda kukhetha ukutshala izingulube ezinezimbiza zaseVietnam.... Izilwane ezinjalo azidingi mzamo omningi, isikhathi nemali, kepha uma ukhetha ingulube endala, udinga ukugxila ebukhoneni bomzimba oqinile, odilikisiwe nesisu esishubile.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ingulube enhle kufanele ibe nemilenze emifushane, isifuba nekhanda elibanzi ngokwanele, kanye nejazi elilinganayo. Inketho engcono kakhulu yokuthenga isilwane kungaba yipulazi lapho kuthengiswa khona izingulube eziqinisekisiwe, futhi ochwepheshe bakulungele ukweluleka ngokugcinwa kwabamele uhlobo.
Isivinini sokukhula kwabo nokuzuza kwesisindo, kanye nokuzala kanye nempilo yezingulube, ekugcineni okunquma impumelelo yokuzalanisa izilwane zasemapulazini, kuncike ngqo kuzimpawu zekhwalithi zamazinyane ezingulube atholakele. Uma ukuthengwa kwezilwane ezinjalo zobulili obuhlukile kuhlelwe ngenhloso yokuhlangana okulandelayo kanye nenzalo, awukwazi ukuthenga amachwane engulube eyodwa.
Izingulube ezigulayo ezidla imifino zase-Asia azisebenzi, azinaso isifiso sokudla futhi zinamabala empandla ejazini. Izinkinga zempilo zingakhonjiswa ngezinsalela zendle ezome ngaphansi komsila. Kunoma ikuphi, ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufanele kubhekwe ngokucophelela ukuziphatha kwengulube yengulube yase-Vietnam.
