ISnipe iyinyoni encane enomlomo omude kakhulu, oqondile nobukhali. Kwakungokuhlonipha le nyoni eyimfihlo futhi engajwayelekile lapho isibhamu esithandwayo sokuzingela saqanjwa.
Incazelo yesnipe
Abameleli abadume kunabo bonke bomndeni we-snipe, we-oda le-Charadriiformes, namuhla baningi kakhulu hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zaseRussia, kodwa futhi emhlabeni wonke.
Ukubukeka
ISnipe ingenye yezinyoni ezibonakala kalula ngenxa yoqhwaku lwayo olude noluzacile, kanye nombala we-motley brownish... Abamele lezi zinhlobo bayizihlobo eziseduze kakhulu ze-woodcock. I-sandpiper encane iyashesha ngesikhathi sokundiza, ingahamba ngokushesha hhayi kuphela emhlabathini, kodwa nasemanzini.
Ubude bomzimba benyoni endala, njengomthetho, abudluli ku-28 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esingu-90-200 amagremu. Ubude bomlomo oqondile wale nyoni bucishe bube yingxenye yesithathu yobude bomzimba (cishe u-7.5 cm). Uqhwaku lwabameli bezinhlobo zikhonjiswe ngesici ngasekupheleni, ngakho-ke kuyindlela enhle yokuthola ukudla esihlabathini, odakeni nasendaweni ethambile.
Imilenze yabamele umndeni we-snipe we-oda le-Charadriiformes mfushane futhi mncane kakhulu. Amehlo enyoni makhulu, abekwe phezulu futhi agudluke ngokusobala ngemuva kwekhanda, okunikeza umbono obanzi kakhulu nekhono lokubona kahle ngisho nasezimeni zokuhwalala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwabantu, lo mhlwenga wabizwa ngewundlu, okuchazwa yisici esikhala kakhulu sokuthi inyoni iyakwazi ukukhiqiza kulesi sikhathi samanje: imisindo ekhethekile ethi "che-ke-che-ke-che-ke."
Izimpaphe ze-snipe ikakhulukazi zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu, zinamabhulethi akhanyayo namnyama. Kuso kanye izeluleko zezimpaphe, kunemigqa emhlophe ephinyiswayo. Indawo yesisu ye-wader ilula, ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamabala amnyama. Umbala wezinhlobo zezinhlobo uzisebenzisela ukufihla okuhle kakhulu futhi kwenze kube lula ukufihla phakathi kwezimila eziphansi zotshani obunamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Isnipe yizinyoni ezifudukayo. Entwasahlobo, abameleli bezinhlobo bafika kusenesikhathi, ngemuva kokunyamalala kwekhephu emaxhaphozini. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKazakhstan, endaweni yase-Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan, ama-waders avela ekuqaleni kukaMashi, futhi lezi zinyoni zifika e-Ukraine naseBelarus eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaMashi.
Izinyoni ezinjalo ziza esifundeni saseMoscow ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, naseYakutsk - kuphela phakathi nenyanga edlule yasentwasahlobo. Izinyoni zikhetha ukundiza zodwa, lapho kuqala ubumnyama, zikhala ukukhala okucijile "tundra" ekuqaleni kwendiza yazo. Indiza yenzeka ikakhulukazi ebusuku, kuthi emini izinkukhu zondle futhi ziphumule. Kwesinye isikhathi ezindizeni ezibalekayo zihlangana ngamaqembu ezinyoni eziningana noma hhayi imihlambi emikhulu kakhulu.
USnipe ungompetha bangempela bezindiza... Abamele lezi zinhlobo bashesha ngendlela emangalisayo emoyeni futhi bayakwazi ukuchaza ama-pirouette noma ama-zigzags angempela. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinyoni ezinjalo ziyashesha noma ngabe isikhathi samanje sesiphelile. Izinyoni zihamba ngokushesha emoyeni, zishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuphakama kwazo.
Uhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani
Isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuphila se-snipe esimweni semvelo, njengomthetho, asidluli eminyakeni eyishumi. Isikhathi eside kangako sihloniphekile ngezinyoni endaweni yazo yemvelo.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Kubo bobabili ubulili, abamele izinhlobo zeBekasy babonakala ngombala ofanayo futhi cishe isisindo esifanayo, ngakho-ke, izimpawu ze-dimorphism yezocansi azivezwanga. I-snipe encane ine-coloration ephawulekayo yokuvikela. Ukwehlukahluka kwama-subspecies amathathu kubonakala kuphela ekushintsheni kwemininingwane yamaphethini kanye nemithunzi ngombala wezimpaphe, kanye nosayizi ojwayelekile wenyoni nobukhulu bomzimba othile.
Izinhlobo ze-snipe
Umndeni umelwe yizinhlobo ezingamashumi amabili, kanye nama-subspecies angama-47, ahlukile ngokubukeka, indawo yokuhlala nemikhuba. Esikhathini esedlule, eNgilandi, izinyoni ezinjalo zazibizwa ngeSnipe (snipers).
Amanye ama-subspecies we-snipe:
- U-Andean;
- EBukhosi;
- Encane;
- IsiMalay;
- Okukhokhiswa isikhathi eside;
- Madagascar;
- ECordillera;
- Intaba;
- Owase-Afrika;
- Ihlathi;
- WaseMelika;
- IsiJapane;
- Kukhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Abamele lolu hlobo bathola ukusatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziseNyakatho Melika kusuka e-Alaska kuya engxenyeni esempumalanga yeLabrador.
Ama-snipes atholakala eziqhingini: i-Iceland, i-Azores, iBrithani neFaroese. Inani elikhulu lezinyoni zihlala e-Eurasia ukusuka entshonalanga yeFrance naseScandinavia kuya engxenyeni esempumalanga kuya ogwini lweNhlonhlo yaseChukchi. Amakoloni wezinyoni ahlala ogwini loLwandle iBering, eKamchatka naseCommander Islands, ogwini loLwandle i-Okhotsk neSakhalin. Ama-sandpipers akha isidleke eVaygach Island.
Indawo yemvelo yesinipe iyizindawo ezinamaxhaphozi ezinotshani obuningi be-shrub noma azikho nhlobo. Izinyoni zihlala ezindaweni ezinosawoti, kanye nezichibi zamanzi angenasawoti ezivulekile ezinotshani obuningi obusogwini, ezihlanganiswe nezicucu zodaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izizathu eziyinhloko zobusika be-snipe zitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, e-Iran naseNdiya, e-Afghanistan nasePakistan, e-Indonesia naseningizimu yeChina, eCrimea naseTranscaucasia.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, zonke izigaxa zinamathela ezindaweni zamabhogi ane-sedge emathafeni ezikhukhula nasemifuleni yamanzi yemvelo. Kancane kancane, izinyoka zithwebula izidleke ezindaweni ezimanzi ezinama-hummock noma emabhange odaka emikhombe emikhulu.
Ukudla kwesnipe
Ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwesinipe imelwe yizinambuzane nezibungu zazo, kanye nezikelemu zomhlaba... Ngomthamo omncane kakhulu, izinyoni ezinjalo zidla ama-mollusk nama-crustaceans amancane. Kanye nokudla okuvela ezilwaneni, i-snipe iyakwazi ukudla ukudla kwezitshalo, okumelwe yimbewu, izithelo namahlumela ezitshalo. Ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokugaya imifino ngaphakathi esiswini, amatshe amancane noma izinhlamvu zesihlabathi zigwinya izinyoni.
Ama-Snipes aphuma ukuzondla ahamba ngenkuthalo, abambe izinambuzane ezincane. Ukuze kutholakale ukudla kwezinyoni, inhlabathi iyahlolwa. Ngesikhathi sokudla, uqhwaku lucwila enhlabathini cishe kuze kufike ezansi. Kutholakale inyamazane enkulu, isibonelo isibungu, ihlukaniswe yaba izingcezu ezincane ngosizo lomlomo wayo. Isizathu sokushintsha ukudla okwejwayelekile, okuncanyelwayo imvamisa ukuntuleka kokuphakelayo lapho kushintsha isizini.
Izinyoni ezincane ziyakwazi ukugwinya ukudla okutholakele ngaphandle kokukhipha uqhwaku lwazo ezintweni ezinosilika. Befuna ukudla ezimweni zamanzi ezingajulile, abamele lezi zinhlobo bavula uqhwaku lwabo olude futhi olubukhali kakhulu ezintweni ezithambile ezinosilika futhi, ngenkathi behamba kancane beya phambili, hlola izingqimba zenhlabathi. Echosheni loqhwaku lwale nyoni, kunenqwaba yeziphetho zemizwa eziyivumela ukuthi ibambe ukuhamba kwezakhamuzi zobumba. Kuphela lapho bezwa isisulu, izinyoka ziyibamba ngomlomo wazo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Imvelo yesnipe ngokwemvelo izinyoni ezizodwa, ezakha ngazimbili ezizinzile, ezihlala njalo kuphela ngenkathi yokuzalanisa. Cishe ngemuva nje kokufika, abesilisa be-wader baqala ukusebenza njengamanje. Ngesikhathi sendiza yamanje, amaduna andiza azungeza, akhuphukela emoyeni phezulu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi adonsela phansi.
Lapho "ukuwa" inyoni ivula izimpiko zayo nomsila, inqamula izingqimba zomoya bese idlidliza, ngenxa yalokho kukhishwa umsindo ohehayo futhi oklabalazayo, okhumbuza ngokuqinile ukopha. Amadoda azinzile ahamba ngezinyawo, esebenzisa indawo efanayo ukwenza lokhu. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, abesifazane bajoyina abesilisa, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka ngazimbili ezisele kuyo yonke inkathi yokuzalanisa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-Snipes asebenza ngokukhethekile ekukhaleni ekuseni nakusihlwa, esimweni sezulu esiguqubele nesinamafu nemvula eguquguqukayo. Kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa bahamba phansi, behleli kumuntu ophansi futhi benza imisindo ezwakalayo "umkhaza, umkhaza, umkhaza".
Abesifazane kuphela ababandakanyeka ekuhlelweni kwesidleke nasekufukameleni inzalo okulandelayo, futhi abesilisa nabo babelana nokunakekelwa kwamantshontsho azalwa nabesifazane. Isidleke sivame ukubekwa esidulini esingaphakeme kakhulu. Kuyinto yokudangala embozwe ngeziqu ezomile ze-herbaceous. I-clutch ngayinye egcwele iqukethe amaqanda amane noma amahlanu amise okwepheya, aphuzi noma ansundu womnqumo anezindawo ezimnyama, nsundu nezimpunga. Inqubo yokufuqa ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto amathathu.
Ngaphandle kokuthi abesilisa bahlala besondelene namazinyane abo, ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa okuphathelene nokukhuliswa kwenzalo yenziwa ngumdweshu wesifazane. Isikhathi sokubekela amaqanda ema-waders simi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- endaweni engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Ukraine - eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli;
- On esifundeni eMoscow - eyishumi yokuqala May;
- endaweni yaseTaimyr - ekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Amachwane eSandpiper, ngemuva kokuthi omile, ashiya isidleke sawo. Owesilisa nowesifazane baya emndenini okhulayo. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala zengozi, umbhangqwana ongumzali udlulisela amachwane asezingeni eliphansi endizeni. Izinyoni zibopha amapayipi aphansi phakathi kwamatatarsali futhi zindiza ziphansi kakhulu ngenhla kwezinga lomhlabathi. Amachwane anamasonto amathathu ubudala ayakwazi ukundiza isikhashana. Cishe maphakathi nehlobo, intsha iba nokuzimela cishe ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-snipes aqala ukuthuthuka okusebenzayo ezindaweni eziseningizimu.
Izitha zemvelo
ISnipe iyinto eyintandokazi yokuzingela imidlalo emazweni amaningi. Izinyoni ezingakhuluphele ngokweqile azinzima, futhi azivumeli izinja ezinabazingeli ezindaweni ezixhaphozi ezihlanzekile eziseduze nezinyathelo ezingamashumi amabili ukuba zisondele kuzo futhi ziphume endaweni yazo ngaphambi kwesibhamu. Izinyoni namaqanda okusika ngokwazo angaba yizisulu zezilwane eziningi ezidla izinyoni nezomhlaba, kufaka phakathi izimpungushe, izimpisi, izinja zasendle, ama-martens, ama-weasel, kanye ne-feline. Ukusuka emoyeni, i-snipe ivame ukuzingelwa izinkozi nama-kites, oklebe kanye namagwababa amakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kanye nezikhukhukazi eziningi kakhulu, izilonda, izinsipho zesihlabathi kanye nokubingelela, kanye nama-phalaropes, abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-Snipe bafakiwe emndenini omkhulu, manje ohlanganisa amayunithi wezinhlobo ezingaphezudlwana kweziyisishiyagalolunye. Okwamanje, akukho okusongela inani lama-wader.
