I-honey badger ifana ne-badger noma i-wolverine ekubukekeni kwayo, kanye ne-skunk ngombala, ngoba umbala wayo ubuye ususelwe ekuhlukeni kwemibala emnyama nemhlophe. Lesi silwane, esihlala e-Afrika nakwezinye izindawo zase-Asia, sithathwa njengesiqine kunazo zonke izilwane: phela, namabhubesi ayakwesaba. Abantu abangamazi nokuzwa igama lalesi silo bangamdida kalula ngebhere. Kepha, empeleni, i-honey badger ingeyomndeni weasel, yize ingabukeki kakhulu njengama-weasel anomusa futhi anekhono noma ama-ermines, ayisihlobo esikude sawo.
Incazelo ye-honey badger
I-honey badger, noma, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthi, i-ratel, ingeyomndeni weasel, kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lukhishwa luye ohlotsheni oluhlukile futhi luyonikezwa umkhaya walo omncane... Ama-honey badgers okuqala avele ePliocene Ephakathi e-Asia, kanti manje lolu hlobo seluhlukaniswe lwaba yizinhlobo eziyishumi nambili, ezihluka ngosayizi, ukwakheka nendawo lapho kunezimpawu ezimhlophe noma ezimpunga, kanye nomthunzi wazo.
Ukubukeka
I-honey badger iyisilwane esikhulu impela somndeni we-marten: ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela cishe ku-80 cm, futhi ubude bomsila bungu-25. Isisindo sesilwane, kuya ngobulili, singafika ku-12 kg kwabesilisa no-9 kg kwabesifazane. I-ratel iyafana ngesakhiwo nebhere: inomzimba oqinile wemisipha wefomethi eyeluliwe kancane futhi imilenze emifushane, eminyene enezipho ezinamandla ezigobile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude bezinzipho ezingxenyeni ezingaphambili zesilwane bungafinyelela ku-4-5 cm.
I-honey badger inolwelwesi oluncane phakathi kwezinzwani, kanti ematheni ezinyawo zayo ayizicaba futhi ayinaboya. Izidladla ngokwazo zinkulu, zinabile ngobude, neminwe, ikakhulukazi ezinqeni zangaphambili, lapho ubude bezinzipho bukhulu kakhulu, bubukeka buhlukanisiwe kancane komunye nomunye. Inhloko yesilwane inkulu, inokhakhayi olubanzi noluyisicaba, kepha lucijela ngqo ekhaleni. Isifonyo sibukeka sifushaniswe ngokuqinile futhi sibuthuntu ekugcineni. Amehlo e-ratel amnyama futhi mancane, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi akulula ukuwabona eqhamuka ngemuva koboya besilwane obumnyama namalahle.
Izindlebe ze-honey badger zincane kakhulu, zincishisiwe, ukuze zingabonakali naphakathi koboya bayo obukhulu, kepha ukungabi bikho okuphelele kwengxenye ebonakalayo yendlebe akukwenzi ukuzwa kwesilwane kube kubi kakhulu. Ijazi lebheji le-honey badger limbi futhi liqinile. Ngokuya ngama-subspecies, izinwele zalezi zilwane zingaba zinde noma zingaphansi. Kepha, noma ngabe yinde kangakanani, inhloso enkulu yocu oluqinile nolukhuni lwe-honey badger ukuvikela isilwane ekulunyweni izinyosi, ama-bumblebees, izicabucabu ezinobuthi, izinyoka nawofezela.
Umbala walesi sidalwa esimangalisayo uyinhlanganisela ekhanyayo, ehlukile emhlophe nomnyama, kaningi kangako - ompunga wemibala ehlukahlukene nomnyama. Umbala ovame kakhulu we-honey badger ubukeka kanjena: phezulu komzimba nasekhanda kudwetshwe okumhlophe, bese kuphenduka ithoni ekhanyayo kakhulu, empunga, efinyelela cishe esiswini bese iguquka ngokungazelelwe ithinti emnyama yamalahle. Umbala omnyama nawo ukhona ekhanda, ngoba upendwe mhlophe noma mpunga kuphela kuze kufike ebunzini nasezindlebeni.
Umbala onjalo ubonakala buqamama, kubonakala sengathi kuxwayisa ezinye izilwane ukuthi kungcono ungasondeli kumnikazi wokubukeka okukhanyayo nokuphikisana okunjalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCongo naseGhana, kukhona ama-subspecies we-honey badger, amnyama ngokuphelele ngombala ngaphandle kwamabala amhlophe noma ompunga. Ibhantshi lalo lifushane futhi lizacile kunelamanye ama-subspecies wamagundane, kepha ngasikhathi sinye aqinile kunawabo futhi futhi livikela ne-black honey badger ekulungeni kwama-invertebrate anobuthi kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo elizizingelayo.
Umsila walesi silwane mfushane, ujiyile phansi, kepha uthinta ngasemaphethelweni, umbozwe ngoboya obuningi... Ngokuya ngokuthi imuphi umuntu onikezwe okungeyakhe, umsila wayo ungaba mfushane noma kancane. Futhi, ama-honey badgers angaphansi kwama-subspecies ahlukile angagqoka umsila oqondisiwe, noma awuphonse ngendlela yendandatho evulekile ngemuva.
Ukuziphatha, indlela yokuphila
Yize iqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane sibukeka singenabungozi, empeleni, i-honey badger iyisilwane esinamandla, esinobuciko futhi esiyingozi, ukubukeka nokuziphatha kwayo kusikhumbuza kakhulu isihlobo esikude se-ratel esihlala ezindaweni eziningi ezisenyakatho - i-wolverine. Ama-honey badgers asebenza kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Kepha kwezinye izindawo ezingahlali muntu endaweni yabo yokuhlala, kanye nasesimo sezulu esipholile, ama-ratels angabonakala emini.
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi indlela yokuphila yalesi silwane incike enkathini yonyaka. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ehlobo, lapho kushisa kakhulu futhi kuminyene emini, ama-honey badger ayaphuma ayofuna inyamazane kusihlwa, kuthi emini alale emigodini yawo. Ebusika, ama-ratel angasebenza hhayi ebusuku kuphela, kepha futhi nasemini. Futhi ekwindla, lezi zilwane zabonwa zizingela ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Ama-honey badgers ahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zohlobo lwawo, ebusika, angawela ebusika obufushane ngesikhathi sokubanda okubandayo. Kepha, ngokuvamile, lokho kuziphatha kunalokho okwehlukile kubo. I-honey badger ihlala emigodini esuka ebangeni elilodwa kuya kwamathathu ukujula, yona uqobo eyimba ngosizo lwezidladla zayo zangaphambili ezinamandla nezinzipho eziqinile nezinde. Kulemigodi, isilwane sizihlelela amakamelo okulala, agcwele imibhede ethambile.
Imvamisa, endaweni ye-honey badger, kunezimbobo eziningi ezinjalo, ngaphezu kwalokho, umlimi cishe akalokothi aphumule izinsuku ezimbili zilandelana endaweni efanayo yokukhosela, futhi isikhathi ngasinye lapho ehlala khona emgodini ohlukile. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba isilo senza ushintsho olude futhi sinqoba ibanga elide kakhulu ukubuyela emuva kokuhamba ibanga elide ukuya emgodini owodwa lapho lalilala khona izolo.
I-honey badger, njengomthetho, ihamba phansi, kepha uma kunesidingo, lesi silwane singakhuphuka nasemthini ngaphandle kobunzima. Imvamisa, ukwenza lokhu lapho ethatha isinqumo sokudla uju lwezinyosi zasendle ezakha izidleke zazo lapho.
Ngokwemvelo yabo, amaqhawe angama-loners. Ngabantu abancane kuphela abakwazi ukwakha imihlambi embalwa, kanti nezimbila zezinyosi zihlala emaqenjini emindeni ngesikhathi sokuzala nokukhulisa inzalo. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ungabona futhi lezi zilwane zihamba ngababili: owesilisa nowesifazane. Kepha ngemuva kokukhwelana, bahlukana kaninginingi baphila impilo yabo bodwa.
Imikhawulo yizilwane zendawo. Isilwane ngasinye esidala sabelwa indawo ngayinye yobukhulu obukhulu, efinyelela kumakhilomitha ayisikwele amaningana. Izilwane zimaka imingcele yalezi zinto ngosizo lwemfihlo ekhethekile efihlwe yizindlala ezisemuva komzimba.
Kuyathakazelisa! URatl uyisilwane esinesibindi ngokumangazayo esingalwa ngisho nomzingeli omkhulu futhi oyingozi njengengwe noma ibhubesi ngaphandle kokwesaba. Futhi abazingeli eKenya bakholelwa ukuthi uma udla inhliziyo ye-honey badger, ungaba nesibindi futhi uqine njengalesi silwane.
Ama-honey badger avikela ngesibindi umhume wawo kanye nempahla yawo ekuhlaselweni kwabantu angabazi. Bona, ngaphandle kokungabaza, bangena emdlalweni nanoma yisiphi isitha, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu baso futhi, okuthakazelisa kakhulu, bavame ukunqoba izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu kunabo. Ngenxa yamandla abo, isibindi, kanye nobudlova obukhonjiswa ezimpini, amaqhawe avame ukufaniswa nama-wolverine, nawo athathwa njengezilwane ezinolaka futhi eziyingozi, yize engekho ngobukhulu obukhulu.
Uma kunesidingo, isibonelo, ngokuhlaselwa okungazelelwe kuye, i-honey badger ingasebenzisa "isikhali samakhemikhali" - ukudubula isitha ngoketshezi olunephunga elibi kakhulu, njengomthetho, kudikibala ngisho nomzingeli olambile kusuka esifisweni sokuphishekela isitha ngokuqhubekayo. Le ndlela yokuzivikela, ngisho nombala omhlophe nomnyama we-honey badger, iyenza ifane kakhulu neskunk, yize lezi zilwane ezimbili manje zingasabhekwa njengezihlobene.
Futhi, i-honey badger isidalwa esihlakaniphe kakhulu, esinobuqili futhi esinamasu, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, esazi ukusebenzisa amatshe, izinti, izingodo nezinye izinto njengamathuluzi asizayo. Isibonelo, umlimi angazisebenzisa ukuze afike esidlekeni sezinyosi ngale ndlela.
Nezilwane ezihlala ema-zoo zikhombisa amakhono amangalisayo ngokwazi ukweqa emakhejini azo.... Ngakho-ke, omunye wabamele lolu hlobo, imbila yezinyosi egama linguStoffle, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-20 ayichitha e-zoo, wafunda ukuvula noma yiziphi izingidi futhi wanqoba uthango ngosizo lwezindlela ezinjengalezi, ngokwesibonelo, i-rake elikhohlwe yinceku, uStoffle alibeka odongeni aphume aphume endaweni ebiyelwe ebiyelwe ngodonga lukakhonkolo. I-ratel efanayo yafunda ukubaza izitini enhlabathini yobumba, okwakugqitshwe phansi phansi indawo yakhe yezinyoni, nokwakha izitebhisi ezivela kuzo, lapho yakhuphuka kalula khona phezu kocingo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uStoffle wafundisa amaqhinga afanayo kowesifazane wezinhlobo zakhe, owayexhunywe kuye ukuze akhohlwe ngokuzama ukubaleka okungenani isikhashana, okuphinde kuqinisekise ukuthi ama-honey badger ahlakaniphe kakhulu, anobuqili futhi afunda kalula izilwane zamakhono amasha. Kwakuyikhono lokuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila kanye nobuhlakani obungokwemvelo, uma ngingasho kanjalo ngesilwane sasendle esidlayo, esivumela izimbangi ukuthi zigcwalise indawo enkulu, efaka izindawo ezahlukahlukene zezulu.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani ama-honey badgers
Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi mangaki ama-ratels angahlala endaweni yawo yemvelo. Ekuthunjweni, lezi zilwane zihlala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-24-25.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Akukhulunywa kakhulu: abesilisa bakhudlwana kunabesifazane, kuzo zonke ezinye izici izilinganiso zobulili obuhlukile zibukeka cishe zifana.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokwabiwa kwalezi zinhlobo inkulu ngokwedlulele: ifaka cishe yonke i-Afrika, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye ne-Peninsula yase-Arabia, e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq, eTurkmenistan, eningizimu yeKazakhstan (Karakalpakia), e-India naseNepal. Lesi silwane singahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezulu, kepha asikuthandi ukushisa okunamandla ngakho-ke sigwema izifunda ezishisa kakhulu, njengamahlane nezindawo ezingamahlane.
Umswakama ophakeme nawo awuthandi ama-honey badgers - ngenxa yalesi sizathu bakhetha ukungazinzile emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama. Ngokuyinhloko, abameleli balezi zinhlobo bahlala emahlathini amancane amancane nasezintabeni. Futhi ama-honey badgers angahlala ezindaweni ezinezintaba - endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3000. Izindawo ezihlala kuzo eziyizintandokazi yimifula emikhulu enenhlabathi enesihlabathi noma inhlabathi e-loamy, emithambekeni lapho kuba lula khona ngezimbila zezinyosi ukumba izimbobo.
Ukudla kwe-honey badger
Iqiniso lokuthi i-honey badger idla uju selivele liyacaca egameni lalesi silwane.... Futhi, impela, umlimi ubhekisisa ukuhamba kwezinyosi futhi ngezikhathi ezithile konakalisa isifuba sazo, futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, akadli nje kuphela ama-combs amnandi noju, kodwa futhi nezibungu zezinyosi.
Le nyoni indizela phambili futhi, ngokukhala kwayo, itshela i-honey badger ukuthi isidleke sezinyosi sikuphi. Uhlala esihlahleni noma ehlathini bese ekhala kakhulu, ebiza i-honey badger. Futhi lapho eseduze, undizela kwesinye isihlahla, ngemuva kwalokho konke kuphindaphinda kuze kube yilapho umhlahlandlela wezinyosi uhola i-ratel esidlekeni sezinyosi.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-honey badger yaze yakha umfelandawonye ongashiwongo nenyoni eyodwa evela emndenini wokhula lwesihlahla - umhlahlandlela woju. Lapho ethola isidleke sezinyosi, unikeza isilo isignali ekhethekile, ekhomba indlela efanele kulokho okufunwayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-honey badger ne-honey guide bayakhulumisana: lapho isilo sizwa ukukhala okukhulu kwenyoni emkhomba endaweni efanele, senza imisindo efana nokukhononda noma ukukhonona. Ingqikithi yalokhu kubambisana okuzuzisa phakathi kwe-honey badger ne-honey badger ukuthi inyoni iyathanda ukudla izibungu zezinyosi futhi ayinqabi i-wax eyakha ikhekhe lezinyosi, kodwa ayikwazi ukufika kuzo, ngenkathi i-honey badger ikwenza kalula. Futhi akunzima neze ukuthi lesi silwane sabelane ngesisulu saso nomsizi waso othembekile - umhlahlandlela woju, okuyinto ahlala eyenza, imshiye nengxenye encane yesibungu sezinyosi kanye nekhekhe lezinyosi noju.
Futhi-ke, uju akayona isisekelo sokudla kwakhe. URatel ungumdliva onobudlova futhi onolaka othanda inyama yenyoka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngisho nokulunywa yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinoshevu akumvimbi, ngoba, ngaphezu kwesikhumba esiwugqinsi kakhulu, esivikela ekulinyweni yizinyosi nezinyoka, unesinye isici esimangazayo: ukuvikela ubuthi bezinyoka ezibulalayo. Ngakho-ke, noma isilwane esihuquzelayo esinobuthi sikwazi ukuluma imbila ebusweni, okuwukuphela kwengxenye esengozini yomzimba wayo, isilwane ngeke sife ngisho noshevu wemfezi.
Ubuthi bungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kwi-honey badger futhi bumkhubaze okwesikhashana, kodwa abukwazi ukubulala. Isilwane, lapho silunywa, sizoshikashikeka imizuzu eminingana, bese silala phansi sikhubazekile isikhashana - sisuka emizuzwini engama-20 kuye emahoreni amabili, ngemuva kwalokho sizophakama futhi siphinde siyofuna inyamazane entsha.
Ngokuvamile, i-honey badger ayideleli noma yisiphi isisulu: idla amagundane ahlukahlukene ngokuzijabulisa, njengama-hamsters, amagundane, amagundane noma ama-gopher. I-ratel ibuye izingele amaxoxo, izimfudu, izinyoni nama-hedgehogs. Ama-honey badgers ahlala e-Asia Ephakathi angadla ngisho nangofezela abanobuthi. Futhi akakudeleli ukubola kwesidumbu, nokuyinto eyivelakancane yesilwane esidla inyama esivela emndenini weasel. Lezi zilwane namaqanda ezinyoni kuyadliwa uma bekwazi ukuzithola.
E-Afrika, amaqhawe athanda ukuhlala eduze kwamadolobhana, lapho acekela khona izidleke futhi entshontsha izinkukhu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze ahlasele nezilwane ezifuywayo, yingakho zithathwa njengezilwane eziyingozi, abantu bendawo abaziqothula ngawo wonke amathuba: phela isidalwa esilimaza inyoni, futhi, kwesinye isikhathi, ngemfuyo, kusongela kakhulu inhlalakahle yabo, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi abalimi base-Afrika abaphila kahle noma kanjani. Kepha i-honey badger ingadla amajikijolo noma okunye ukudla kwezitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela, lapho ingakwazi ukuzuza ngokunye ukudla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Izinyosi zezinyosi azizali kaningi, njengokujwayelekile, abesifazane balezi zinhlobo beza ukuzingela endaweni yabo yemvelo kanye ngonyaka. Futhi kuphela ngalesi sikhathi, amaqhawe ahamba ngababili, kanti imvamisa lezi zilwane zikhetha ukuphila impilo yodwa. Ngemuva kokukhwelana, owesilisa uyashiya insikazi, bese esala yedwa ukuzala inzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukukhulelwa kwe-honey badger kuthatha izinyanga ezi-5 kuye kwezi-7.... Izinsana zizalelwa emgodini, ezihlonyiswe ngalesi sikhathi ngumuntu wesifazane, emboza phansi kwegumbi lokulala ngeziqu ezomile zezitshalo ezinobuthi ukuze izingane zizizwe zikhululekile lapho. Njengomthetho, kudoti kunamazinyane amabili angenakusiza, angaboni futhi ahamba ze ngokuphelele anesikhumba esimnyama esimpunga esigoqiwe ezinqeni. Ama-honey badger achitha amasonto okuqala ezimpilo zawo emgodini osembhedeni wotshani obomile.
Amehlo amawundlu avuleka ngezinsuku ezingama-32-35, ngasikhathi sinye nawo aqala ukukhula uboya obuncane. Kamuva, ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, izingane ziqala ukuphuma emgodini zifunde ukuzitholela ukudla zodwa. Noma kunjalo, bahlala nonina isikhathi eside - cishe unyaka. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kokuvuthwa kokugcina, izilwane ezincane zingaqala ukuhlala ngokuhlukile kunina nabafowabo nodadewabo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuze kube yilapho amawundlu esefunde ukuhamba ngokuzimela, insikazi njalo - njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili, iyayidlulisa isuke komunye umgodi iye komunye ukuze iphephe. Ngemuva kokuthi izingane ziqale ukuzihambela zodwa, wonke umndeni uyaqhubeka ukusuka kwenye indawo yokuhlala uye kwesinye ngemvamisa efanayo, kepha manje bona ngokwabo bathuthela lapho ngemuva kukanina.
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kwenzeka eminyakeni engaba yonyaka owodwa kwabesilisa neminyaka eyi-1.5 kwabesifazane.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyinhloko zemvelo ze-honey badger yizimpisi nezinja zasendle. Amabhubesi ajwayele ukugwema ukuhlangana ne-honey badger, kepha amanye awo angazingela ama-ratels, yize kungavamile kakhulu.Imvamisa, lokhu kwenziwa yizilwane ezixoshwe ekuziqhenyeni noma ezilimele, eziqhutshwa yithemba ngenxa yendlala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-honey badger kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika athathwa njengezilokazane, okudala ukulinyazwa kwezinkukhu nokucekela phansi izidleke, izakhamizi zakule ndawo zilwa ngenkuthalo nalezi zilwane, yingakho inani lamagundane kulezo zifunda zebanga lehle kakhulu manje. Ngasikhathi sinye, lesi silwane, njengohlobo oluthile, asongelwa ngokuqothulwa: phela inani lama-honey badger likhulu impela, futhi nendawo abahlala kuyo imane nje inkulu. Kungalesi sizathu i-Honey Badger njengamanje iklonyeliswa Ngendlela Yokukhathazeka Okungencane.
I-honey badger iyisilwane esimangazayo, yize sisabalele, kepha asifundwa kangako... Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngokuhlukahluka kwendlela yakhe yokuphila. Ukumelana kwawo nobuthi benyoka, obekungabulala isilwane esikhudlwana, nakho kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo. Izazi zezilwane ezifunda lezi zilwane ezingakholeki nazo zinentshisekelo enkulu yokuthi le ratel "ixoxisana kanjani" nenyoni eqondisa uju, nokuthi le nyunyana yavela nini ngokujwayelekile lezi zidalwa ezingafani. Ezinye zezimfihlakalo ezethulwe ososayensi yi-honey badger zingaxazululwa ngokubuka lesi silo sisekuthunjweni. Kepha izimfihlo eziningi zabalindi azikadalulwa futhi balinde abacwaningi babo.
