Ingwe python Ingabe ingenye yezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zezinyoka emhlabeni. Ingezinyoka ezinkulu futhi ingafinyelela cishe kumamitha ayi-8 ubude. Isilwane sinomlingiswa ozolile, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho sihola impilo yokuhlala phansi. Lezi zici zenza le nyoka engenabuthi ithandwa kakhulu ngama-terrarium. Ithengwa kalula ema-zoo nasemasekisini. I-tiger python ivame ukusetshenziselwa amahlumela ezithombe nokuqoshwa kwevidiyo, ngenxa yombala wayo omuhle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Tiger Python
Ukubusa kwentela kwe-tiger python kube yindaba yokuphikisana iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-200. Ama-subspecies amabili manje ayaziwa. Ngokuya ngocwaningo lwakamuva, isimo sezinhlobo kuxoxwa ngaso ngezindlela ezimbili. Ucwaningo olwanele ngama-tiger pythons alukaqedwa. Kodwa-ke, ukubonwa kwangaphambilini eNdiya naseNepal kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukene, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasezindaweni ezifanayo futhi azihlangani, ngakho-ke, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi ifomu ngalinye kulawa amabili linokungafani okuphawulekayo kokuziphatha.
Ividiyo: I-Tiger Python
Eziqhingini zase-Indonesia iBali, iSulawesi, iSumbawa neJava, ezinye zezici zezilwane nokuma kwezwe kuholele kuzinguquko ezinkulu. Laba bantu bangaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-700 ukusuka ezilwaneni ezisenkabeni yezwe futhi bakhombisa ukwehluka kobuntu futhi bakhe amafomu amancane eSulawesi, eBali naseJava.
Ngenxa yokwehluka ngosayizi nombala, ososayensi bafuna ukuhlukanisa leli fomu elifushane njengama-subspecies ahlukile. Izifundo zofuzo zamangqamuzana ezimo zaleli fomu elifushane zisaphikisana. Kuhlala kungacaci ukuthi ezinye iziqhingi zase-Indonesia zihluke kangakanani kwezabakhulukazi.
Esinye sezinsolo ezingaphansi komhlaba sitholakala kuphela esiqhingini saseSri Lanka. Ngokwesisekelo sombala, iphethini kanye nenombolo yezihlangu ezingaphansi komsila, kukhombisa umehluko kusuka kuma-subspecies ezwekazini. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe abaningi babheka umehluko njengonganele. Izimbungulu zamahlosi zalesi sifunda ziveza uhla olulindelekile lokwehluka kwabantu kubantu. Ngemuva kocwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo, kwacaca ukuthi i-tiger python isondelene kakhulu ne-hieroglyph python.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Tiger python
Izimbila ze-Tiger ziyi-dimorphic, abesifazane zide futhi zinzima kunabesilisa. Abesilisa banezinqubo ezinkulu ze-cloacal noma izitho ezi-rudimentary kunabesifazane. Izinqubo ze-cloacal ziqagela kabili, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-anus, okuyizandiso zezitho zangemuva.
Izikhumba zimakwe ngephethini elingunxande elihamba lonke ubude besilwane. Zimelela isizinda esinombala ophuzi onsundu noma ophuzi ngomnqumo onamabala ansundu amnyama akhuliswe ngokulinganayo anezimo ezahlukahlukene akha amaphethini athakazelisayo. Amehlo awela imivimbo emnyama aqala eduze kwamakhala futhi kancane kancane aphenduka amabala entanyeni. Umugqa wesibili uqala kusuka phansi kwamehlo bese uwela izingqimba zezindebe ezingenhla.
Ama-tiger pythons ahlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amabili awaziwayo, ahluke ngezici zomzimba:
- Ama-pythons aseBurma (P. molurus bivitatus) angakhula afike ebangeni elilinganiselwa ku-7.6 m futhi abe nesisindo esifinyelela ku-137 kg. Unombala omnyama, onemibala engonxande abansundu nabamnyama okhilimu ongemuva okumnyama. Lezi zinhlayiya futhi zibonakaliswa ukumakwa komcibisholo okukhona ngaphezulu kwekhanda lapho umdwebo uqala khona;
- Ama-Indian pythons, P. molurus molurus, ahlala emancane, afinyelela kuma-6.4 m ubude futhi anesisindo esifinyelela kuma-91 kg. Inokumaka okufanayo okunonxande abansundu nabansundu ngemuva ngemuva kokhilimu. Kukhona kuphela ukumakwa okwakheke njengomcibisholo ngaphezulu kwekhanda. Isikali ngasinye sinombala owodwa;
- ikhanda likhulu, libanzi futhi lihlukaniswe ngokulingene nentamo. Ukuma kwamehlo kwe-lateral kunikeza inkambu yokubuka eyi-135 °. Umsila onamandla obamba cishe u-12% kwabesifazane nakwabesilisa kuze kufike ku-14% wobude obuphelele. Amazinyo amancane, ahlangane akhonjwe ngokungaguquguquki futhi agobile abheke pharynx. Ngaphambi kwesikhala somlomo esingenhla kukhona ithambo le-intermaxillary elinamazinyo amane amancane. Umhlathi ongaphezulu usekela amazinyo ayi-18 kuye kwayi-19. Amazinyo 2-6 awo makhulu kunawo wonke.
Ihlala kuphi i-tiger python?
Isithombe: Snake Tiger Python
Ihlala engxenyeni engezansi yezwekazi lase-Asia. Ububanzi bayo busuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yePakistan buye eNdiya, eBangladesh, eSri Lanka, eBhutan naseNepal. I-Indus Valley kucatshangwa ukuthi ingumkhawulo osentshonalanga wezinhlobo. Enyakatho, ububanzi bungadlulela esifundeni saseQingchuan, esifundazweni saseSichuan, eChina, naseningizimu kuye eBorneo. Izimbila zamahlosi amaNdiya zibonakala zingekho eNhlonhlweni yaseMalay. Kusazonqunywa ukuthi ngabe abantu abahlakazeke eziqhingini eziningana ezincane bangabomdabu noma basendle, izilwane ezibalekile.
Izinhlobo ezimbili zinendawo yokusabalalisa ehlukile:
- P. molurus molurus ungowokuzalwa eNdiya, ePakistan, eSri Lanka naseNepal;
- P. molurus bivitatus (python Burmese) uhlala kusuka eMyanmar ngasempumalanga eningizimu ye-Asia edlula eChina nase-Indonesia. Akekho esiqhingini saseSumatra.
Inyoka i-tiger python inyoka itholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kubalwa amahlathi emvula, izigodi zemifula, amathafa, amahlathi, izihlahla, amaxhaphozi anotshani, nezintaba ezinamadwala amancane. Bahlala ezindaweni ezinganikeza ikhava eyanele.
Lezi zinhlobo azikaze zivele kude kakhulu nemithombo yamanzi futhi kubonakala sengathi zithanda izindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu. Axhomeke emthonjeni wamanzi njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi zingatholakala emigodini ye-mammalian elahliwe, ezihlahleni ezingenalutho, emahlathini aminyene nakuma-mangroves.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-tiger python ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idla ngani i-tiger python?
Isithombe: Albino Tiger Python
Ukudla kuqukethe ikakhulukazi isisulu esiphilayo. Imikhiqizo yayo eyinhloko ngamagundane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ingxenye encane yokudla kwayo iqukethe izinyoni, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ububanzi bezilwane ezidliwayo busukela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo nasezinyonini kuya kwizibankwa ezinegazi elibandayo nakuma-amphibians:
- amaxoxo;
- amalulwane;
- izinyamazane;
- izinkawu ezincane;
- izinyoni;
- amagundane, njll.
Lapho ifuna ukudla, i-tiger python ingacathamela isisulu sayo noma ikuqamekele. Lezi zinyoka zinamehlo angaboni kahle. Ukunxephezela lokhu, lolu hlobo lunomqondo othuthuke kakhulu wephunga, futhi esilinganisweni ngasinye endebeni engenhla kunezinothi ezizwa ukufudumala kwesilwane esiseduze. Zibulala inyamazane ngokuluma nangokukhama kuze kube yilapho isisulu siminca. Isisulu esithintekile sigwinywa siphelele.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ukuze igwinye inyamazane, i-python ihambisa imihlathi yayo futhi iqinise isikhumba esinwebeka kakhulu esizungeze isisulu. Lokhu kuvumela izinyoka ukuba zigwinye ukudla izikhathi eziningi kukhulu kunamakhanda azo.
Ucwaningo lwezingwe ze-tiger lukhombisile ukuthi lapho isilwane esikhulu sokudla sigaywa, imisipha yenhliziyo yenyoka ingakhuphuka ngama-40%. Ukwanda okuphezulu kwamaseli enhliziyo (i-hypertrophy) kutholakala ngemuva kwamahora angama-48 ngokuguqula amaprotheni abe yimicu yemisipha. Lo mphumela unikela ekukhuleni okunamandla ngokwengeziwe kokukhishwa kwenhliziyo, okusheshisa ukugaya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lonke uhlelo lokugaya luvumelana nezimo zokugaya ukudla. Ngakho kuze kube kathathu i-mucosa yamathumbu inyuka ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokudla. Cishe ngemuva kwesonto, iyancipha iye ngosayizi wayo ojwayelekile. Yonke inqubo yokugaya ukudla idinga amandla afinyelela kuma-35% wamandla amunceke esiswini.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-pind enkulu ye-brindle
Inyoka ye-tiger python akusona neze isilwane senhlalo esichitha isikhathi esiningi sodwa. Ukukhwelana yisikhathi kuphela lapho lezi zinyoka zihlangana ngababili. Ziqala ukunyakaza kuphela lapho ukudla kuyindlala noma lapho zisengozini. Ama-tiger pythons aqala ukuthola isisulu ngokuhogela noma ngokuzwa ukushisa komzimba wesisulu ngemigodi yawo yokushisa, bese elandela umkhondo. Lezi zinyoka zitholakala kakhulu phansi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zikhuphuka ezihlahleni.
Ama-tiger pythons asebenza ikakhulukazi kusihlwa noma ebusuku. Isinyathelo sasemini sihlobene kakhulu nezinga lokushisa elikhona. Ezindaweni ezinokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa lonyaka, bafuna indawo yokukhosela nge-microclimate emnandi ngokwengeziwe, engaguquguquki phakathi nezinyanga ezipholile nezishisayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezindaweni ezinamachibi, imifula nezinye izindikimba zamanzi, abamele bobabili ama-subspecies baphila impilo yasemanzini. Zihamba ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zishesha kakhulu emanzini kunasemhlabeni. Ngesikhathi sokubhukuda, umzimba wabo, ngaphandle kwethiphu lempumulo, ucwiliswa ngokuphelele emanzini.
Imvamisa, amahlosi amahlosi acwiliswa ngokwengxenye noma ngokuphelele amahora amaningana emanzini angajulile. Zihlala zicwiliswe ngokuphelele kuze kube isigamu sehora, ngaphandle kokuhogela umoya, noma ziveze kuphela amakhala azo ebusweni bamanzi. I-tiger python ibonakala igwema ulwandle. Ezinyangeni ezibandayo kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari, izinhlwathi zaseNdiya zihlala zifihlekile futhi zivame ukungena esikhathini esifushane sokulala kuze kube yilapho amazinga okushisa ephakama futhi.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ingwe ye-Albino python
I-brindle python ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ineminyaka engama-2-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuthandana kungaqala. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana, owesilisa usonga umzimba wakhe kowesifazane bese echofoza ephindaphinda ulimi lwakhe ekhanda nasemzimbeni. Lapho nje beqondanisa i-cloaca, owesilisa usebenzisa imilenze yakhe yobudlabha ukubhucunga nokuvuselela insikazi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuqhutshwa kwenzeka lapho owesifazane ephakamisa umsila wakhe ukuze owesilisa akwazi ukufaka i-hemipenis eyodwa (unezimbili) ku-cloaca yowesifazane. Le nqubo ithatha imizuzu emi-5 kuye kwengama-30.
Maphakathi nenkathi eshisayo ngoMeyi, izinyanga ezingama-3-4 ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ifuna indawo yokwakha izidleke. Le ndawo iqukethe ukucasha okuthulile ngaphansi kweqoqo lamagatsha namaqabunga, isihlahla esingenalutho, indunduma yomuhlwa, noma umhume ongahlali muntu. Ngokuya ngosayizi nesimo sowesifazane, ubeka isilinganiso samaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuye kwangama-30 anesisindo esifinyelela kuma-207 g. I-clutch enkulu kunazo zonke eqoshwe enyakatho yeNdiya ibinamaqanda ayi-107.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, insikazi isebenzisa ukuciphizwa kwemisipha ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa komzimba wayo liphakeme kancane kunelizungezile lokushisa komoya. Lokhu kukhuphula izinga lokushisa ngo-7.3 ° C, okuvumela ukufukamela ezindaweni ezibandayo ngenkathi kugcinwa izinga lokushisa elifanele elingu-30.5 ° C.
Amaqanda amhlophe anamagobolondo athambile alinganisa u-74-125 × 50-66 mm futhi anesisindo esingu-140-270 amagremu. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ivame ukugoqa izungeze amaqanda ukulungiselela isikhathi sokufukamela. Indawo ye-hinge ilawula umswakama nokushisa. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinyanga ezi-2-3. Umama okhulelwe kuyaqabukela eshiya amaqanda ngesikhathi sokufukamela futhi akadli ukudla. Lapho amaqanda esechanyuselwe, amaphuphu ngokushesha azimela.
Izitha zemvelo zezingwe zehlosi
Isithombe: Tiger Python
Uma amahlosi engwe ezwa ubungozi, ahonxa futhi akhase, azame ukucasha. Kuphela ngamakhoneni abazivikela ngokulunywa okunamandla, okubuhlungu. Zimbalwa izinyoka ezicasulayo ngokushesha futhi ziye ezinyathelweni ezeqisayo. Kwakunamahlebezi phakathi kwabantu bendawo athi amasilo ahlasela abulala nezingane asala ngaphandle kokugadwa. Noma kunjalo, abukho ubufakazi obubucayi balokhu. Ukufa okunokwethenjelwa kuyaziwa e-United States, lapho abaninizo kwesinye isikhathi becinyelwa "ukugona" kwenyathi i-python. Isizathu besilokhu siwukuphatha nokuphatha ngokunganaki, okungadala umuzwa wokuzingela esilwaneni.
ITiger Python inezitha eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma isencane.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- Inkosi uCobra;
- Indian gundane mungo;
- i-feline (amahlosi, izingwe);
- amaBhele;
- izikhova;
- ikhayithi elimnyama;
- Ingalazi yokuqapha i-Bengal.
Izindawo abazithandayo zokucasha yimigede yobumba, imifantu yamatshe, izindunduma zomuhlwa, iziqu zemithi ezingenalutho, imihlume notshani obude. Ngaphandle kwezilwane, umuntu uyisilwane esiphambili se-tiger python. Kunomthamo omkhulu wokuthekelisa wokuhweba ngezilwane. Isikhumba se-python saseNdiya sibaluleke kakhulu embonini yezemfashini ngokubukeka kwaso okungajwayelekile.
Kububanzi bayo bomdabu, ibuye izingelwe njengomthombo wokudla. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka inyama yengwe i-python idliwa emazweni amaningi ase-Asia, futhi amaqanda abebhekwa njengesibiliboco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-viscera yesilwane ibalulekile emithini yendabuko yamaShayina. Imboni yezikhumba ingumkhakha okungafanele ubhekelwe phansi kwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, kuqasha abazingeli abangochwepheshe, abashubi kanye nabahwebi. Ngisho nakubalimi, lena ingeniso eyengeziwe.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Snake Tiger Python
Ukuxhashazwa kwezentengiselwano kwe-tiger python embonini yokushuka kuye kwaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwenani labantu emazweni amaningi ahlukahlukene. ENdiya naseBangladesh, i-tiger python yayisabalele cishe ngawo-1900. Lokhu kwalandelwa ukuthungathwa isikhathi esingaphezulu kwengxenye yekhulu, lapho kufika izikhumba ezifika ku-15,000 minyaka yonke zisuka eNdiya ziye eJapan, eYurophu naseMelika. Ezindaweni eziningi, lokhu sekuholele ekwehliseni okukhulu isibalo sabantu, nasezindaweni eziningi kuze kuqedwe nokuqothulwa.
Ngo-1977, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela eNdiya kwavinjelwa ngumthetho. Noma kunjalo, ukuhweba okungekho emthethweni kuyaqhubeka nanamuhla. Namuhla i-tiger python ayitholakali eNdiya ngaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelekile. E-Bangladesh, uhla lukhawulelwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa eningizimu-mpumalanga. EThailand, eLaos, eCambodia naseVietnam, i-tiger python isadlangile. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinhlobo embonini yesikhumba kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ngo-1985, kwafika izikhumba eziyizi-189 068 ezithunyelwa ngokusemthethweni ezisuka kula mazwe.
Ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba ngezingwe ezibukhoma ziphinde zafinyelela ezilwaneni ezingama-25,000. Ngo-1985, iThailand yethula umkhawulo wezohwebo wokuvikela amahlosi amahlosi, okwakusho ukuthi kwakungathunyelwa izikhumba ezingama-20 000 kuphela ngonyaka. Ngo-1990, izikhumba zamaphiri wezingwe avela eThailand zaba nobude obungamamitha amabili nje kuphela, uphawu olucacile lokuthi inani lezilwane ezizalisayo labhujiswa kakhulu. ELaos, eCambodia naseVietnam, imboni yesikhumba iyaqhubeka nokufaka isandla ekwehleni okuqhubekayo kwabantu be-python.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-Tiger python
Isithombe: Tiger python ovela eRed Book
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kakhulu, imililo yehlathi, nokuguguleka kwenhlabathi kuyizinkinga ezindaweni ezihlala amahlosi. Amadolobha akhulayo nokunwetshwa komhlaba wezolimo kunciphisa indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo ngokuya ngokwanda. Lokhu kuholela ekwehlisweni, ukuhlukaniswa futhi, ekugcineni, ekuqedeni amaqembu ngamanye esilwane. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ePakistan, eNepal naseSri Lanka kubhekele ikakhulu ukwehla kwembumba.
Yingakho le nyoka kwathiwa isengozini ePakistan ngo-1990. Futhi eNepal inyoka isengozini futhi ihlala eChitwan National Park kuphela. ESri Lanka, indawo yokuhlala i-python iya ngokuya ikhawulelwa ehlathini elihlanzekile.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Kusukela ngoJuni 14, 1976, i-P.molurus bivitatus ibhalwe ohlwini e-US yi-ESA njengengcupheni kulo lonke uhla lwayo. Ama-subspecies P. molurus molurus afakwe ohlwini olusengozini enkulu ku-CITES Isithasiselo I. Amanye ama-subspecies abhalwe ku-Appendix II, njengazo zonke izinhlobo ze-python.
Ingwe ekhanyayo esengozini yokuqothuka i-python ibhalwe ku-Isithasiselo I se-Washington Convention for the Protection of Species futhi ayithengiseki. Abantu basendle be-Dark Tiger Python babhekwa njengabasengozini, bahlelwe ku-Appendix II futhi bangaphansi kwemikhawulo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Ingwe yenyathi yaseBurma ibalwe njengevikelwe yi-IUCN njengengcuphe ngenxa yokuthwebula nokubhujiswa kwendawo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/21/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 03
