Ama-landseers makhulu, ayizinja ezihloniphekile, ezifanayo ngokufana neNewfoundlands. Abantu abaningi ngokungazi bayazidida lezi zinhlobo, yize zahlukaniswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ukungacaci kombuzo womehluko phakathi kweLandseers neNewfoundlands kubuye kwethulwe iqiniso lokuthi izinga lakamuva livumela umbala omnyama nomhlophe, nokuyinto ejwayelekile kubo bobabili.
Ngalesi sikhathi samanje, uma lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zinokuthile okufanayo, kungukuthi zombili zazalelwa ukusiza abadobi, kanye nezici zobuntu ezinjengokuzinikela, ukuthula nokuthula okuthuthukile.
Umlando wozalo
Imvelaphi ngqo yabaLandseers namanje ayikaziwa.... Kepha kunokucabanga okuningana mayelana nokuthi zavelaphi izinja eziqinile futhi ezinhle ezimhlophe nezimnyama, ezisetshenziswa njengabahlengikazi nabasizi kubadobi.
Ngokwenguqulo eyodwa, abakwaLandseers bayinzalo yezinja ezimnyama ezifana nebhere ezazihamba noLeif Erickson ohambweni lwakhe lokuya eNew World, kusasele isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba imikhumbi kaColumbus iye lapho. Ngenkathi ngekhulu le-18, izinja ezivela eNewfoundland naseziqhingini eziseduze nayo ziqala ukulethwa eYurophu, phakathi kwezilwane ezazingena e-Old World ngale ndlela, kwakukhona nezinja ezimhlophe nezimnyama, kamuva ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-Landseers.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kukholakala ukuthi izinja ezimhlophe ezinamabala amnyama zihlala eNewfoundland, kanti ezimnyama, ezaba okhokho baseNewfoundlands zanamuhla, zazihlala eziqhingini ezingomakhelwane zaseSt. Pierre naseMiquelon. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi laba ngabakwaLandseers, hhayi izihlobo zabo ezimnyama nezinsundu lapho badabuka khona, okufanele babizwe ngeNewfoundlands.
Uhlobo olusha ngokushesha lwasabalala ngenxa yazo zombili izimfanelo zalo zokusebenza nokubukeka kwalo. Izinja ezifana namabhere amhlophe namnyama zaduma kakhulu ngemuva kokubanjwa emidwebeni ngumculi oyiNgisi u-E. U-Landseer. Kungenxa yemikhakha yakhe efana ne- "A Worthy Member of Humane Society" (1838) ne- "Saved" (1856), lezi zinja zaduma. Ngendlela, inja evezwe okokuqala kule midwebo isindise abantu abangaphezu kwamashumi amabili, lapho yanikezwa khona udumo olunjalo. Futhi uhlobo lwalezi zinja uqobo lwalo lwaqanjwa ngegama lalo lokuhlonipha umdwebi owabamba abafaneleke kakhulu kubameleli balo.
I-English Kennel Club yaqala ukubhalisa ama-Newfoundlands abamnyama nabamhlophe ngo-1870 kanti izinhlobo ezimbili zazingakahlukaniswa ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, amaNewfoundlands amnyama nansundu ngokushesha aduma kakhulu kunezinja ezinamathoni amabili, kwathi izinja ezimnyama nezimhlophe zasongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Bese abathandi balo mbala bathatha izinja ezinamathoni amabili ezihamba phambili baya eSwitzerland naseJalimane, lapho baqala ukuzalanisa khona, lapho igazi leSt. Bernards, izinja zasePyrenean zezintaba nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo zahlanganiswa namaLandseers.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abamele izinhlobo zezwekazi baqala ukwehluka kakhulu ezinjeni zohlobo lwangempela, hhayi ngombala kuphela, kodwa nasemzimbeni. Kungo-1960 kuphela, ngaphandle kokwehluka okusobala kwangaphandle okuvela eNewfoundland, iLandseer yamukelwa yi-FCI njengohlobo oluzimele futhi yakhelwe indinganiso yayo.... Ngonyaka owedlule, wamukelwa ngokusemthethweni eNgilandi. Kodwa eCanada nase-United States, iLandseers neNewfoundlands kusabhekwa njengohlobo olulodwa.
Incazelo yeLandseer
ILandseer yinja enkulu futhi enamandla eMolossian, efana neNewfoundland ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kokuthi banemilenze ephakeme futhi banethambo elikhanyayo. Lesi yisilwane esihle nesinesibindi, okwamanje esingaba ngumngane, umlindi nomhlengi.
Amazinga okuzala
Inja enkulu, eqinile futhi eqinisayo enomthethosisekelo ohambisanayo, ohlukaniswa ngobumnene obulinganiselayo nangomusa, nothando.
Ukuphakama kuyabuna
- Abesilisa - kusuka ku-72 kuya ku-80 cm.
- Ama-Bitches - kusuka ku-67 kuya ku-72 cm.
Isisindo
- Abesilisa - kusuka 59 kuya ku-68 kg.
- Ama-Bitches - kusuka ku-45 kuya ku-54 kg.
Ngaphandle kokuphakama nobukhulu besisindo sayo, inja ayinikezi umbono wesilwane esixakile, iyashesha impela, futhi, ukunyakaza konohlonze kukhululekile, ngokujikijela okuhle nesinyathelo eside ngokwanele. Inhloko yalezi zilwane inesimo esivamile kuwo wonke ama-molossians, inkulu kakhulu futhi ikhululeke, ine-protuberance evezwe nge-occipital kanye noshintsho olubonakalayo olusuka ebunzini luye embusweni. Ikhala likhulu, linombala omnyama omsulwa.
Izindebe ezakha ama-flews amancane nazo zimnyama. Kuvunyelwe ukuluma isikele kuphela. Amehlo amile okwe-alimondi, asethwe ajulile, umbala wawo ungaba yinoma imuphi umbala onsundu: kusuka kokusobala ngokukhanyayo kuya konsundu onsundu. Izindlebe zingunxantathu, zibekwe phezulu, zinosayizi ophakathi nendawo, zinamathiphu ayindilinga, ziyalenga futhi zisondele ekhanda. Ngemuva kwezindlebe, izinwele zinde kunezindlebe uqobo.
Intamo iqinile, iqinile futhi ibanzi, ngaphandle kokuxega okukhulu kwesikhumba futhi ngaphandle kwamazolo. Isikhumba sikaLandseer asakheli nhlobo ukugoqana okubonakalayo. Umzimba ubanzi futhi uqinile. Ubude baso kusukela ekubuneni kuze kube ngaphansi komsila kufanele bube cishe cishe kabili ubude bekhanda kusuka ku-occiput kuye ekugcineni kwempumu. Isifuba sijule futhi sibanzi ngokwanele. Ingemuva iqondile: hhayi ukuxegiswa noma ukuhlehliswa emuva. Izinhlangothi zisicaba, isisu sifakwe ngokulingene.
Umsila umbozwe ngobuningi ngezinwele, kunalokho ujiyile futhi mude: ngokuthula ulenga phansi ngezansi kwamalunga we-hock, kepha ngesikhathi sokunyakaza ungakhuphukela ezingeni lomhlane, ngokugoba okuncane ekugcineni.
Okubalulekile! U-Landseer kufanele anikeze umbono wesilwane esinamandla, esihle futhi esihloniphekile. Ekunyakazeni kwakhe okukhululekile, amandla, ubuhlakani nobuchule kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngempumelelo. Umthethosisekelo wezinja ovumelanayo uyisidingo esiyinhloko sezinga lohlobo lolu.
Imilenze yangaphambili inamandla futhi iqinile, kepha ayisiyikhulu, inemisipha kahle futhi inama-angular kahle. Imilenze yangemuva inamandla amakhulu futhi inemisipha, amathambo aqinile. Izidladla zikhulu, "i-feline", enolwelwesi oluxhumekayo phakathi kwezinzwani. Izinwele emzimbeni wonke, ngaphandle kwekhanda nomlomo, ziqondile, zinde, ziwugqinsi futhi zithambile. Ingubo yangaphansi ithuthukiswe kahle.
Umbala wejazi
Umbala uvunyelwe kuphela omnyama nomhlophe, ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yamabala ilawulwa yindinganiso. Amabala kufanele abe makhulu futhi ahambisane. Ngemuva nangemuva, amabala amnyama kufanele akhe ukufana kwesihlalo sesihlalo, ekhanda kufanele anqobe umbala omhlophe: kuvunyelwe umlilo omhlophe omncane kuphela, isifonyo singahle sibe mhlophe ngokuphelele noma sipendwe kancane ngombala omnyama.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwesinye isikhathi kuzalwa ngisho ezinjeni ezijwayelekile ezimhlophe ezimnyama ezijwayelekile ezinombala omhlophe onsundu. Kubukeka buhle kakhulu, kepha akubonwa njengokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke labo banikazi bomhlaba babhekwa njengomshado wesizwe futhi bangaphansi kokulahlwa.
Uhlamvu lwenja
Njengamanye ama-molossians amaningi amakhulu, uLandseer uyinja ezolile, enekhanda eliphakeme futhi ezinokuzethemba.... Uhloniphekile futhi uyaziqhenya, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye akanakho ukuzikhukhumeza. Lesi silwane siyawazi amandla aso, kodwa asifuni ukusisebenzisa ukulimaza ezinye izilwane noma abantu. Uvikela izingane, akalokothi aphushe ingane, noma ngabe ngephutha noma, ngisho nangaphezulu, ayimlumi.
U-Landseer uzwana kahle nanoma yiziphi ezinye izilwane ezihlala endlini. Mhlawumbe lokhu akukungenani ngenxa yokuthi lezi zinja zintula ngokuphelele umuzwa wokuzingela, ngenxa yemvelaphi yazo nenjongo yangempela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amatilosi akhulisa lolu hlobo awadingi ukuzingela noma ngubani, ayedinga inja engasiza emsebenzini wabo onzima.
Okubalulekile! Njengamanye ama-molossians, lezi zinja zivuthwa sekwephuzile hhayi ngokomzimba kuphela, kepha nangokwengqondo, ukuze ukukhula kwazo ngokugcwele kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka kuphela lapho zineminyaka cishe emithathu.
Lezi zinja zingabhukudi ezihamba phambili nezihlukahlukene, ezivumela ukuba zisetshenziswe emisebenzini yokutakula emanzini. Zilula ngokwanele ukuziqeqesha, kepha lapho ziqeqeshwa zidinga indlela ekhethekile. Ama-landseers anomusa futhi ayathandana, kepha bahlala bedinga ukuxhumana nabaphathi babo. Abanabubi kubangaphandle, kepha uyakwazi ukuvikela abanikazi bakhe nempahla yabo.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila seLandseer simaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10-11.
Okuqukethwe kwe-Landseer
Ngaphandle kokuthi izinja zalolu hlobo zingagcinwa efulethini, umgcini wendawo uzoba mnandi endlini yangasese, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukugcina iketanga lalezi zilwane akwamukelekile. Ukuzinakekela kulula, kepha amanye ama-nuances kufanele acatshangelwe.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Ukunakekela umuntu oyobona indawo akulula. Ukuze ingubo yesilwane sasekhaya ibe sesimweni esifanele, idinga ukuthi ibhulashiwe kanye noma kabili ngesonto. Isilwane kufanele sigezwe kuphela lapho sidingeka, kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezi-2-3 ngonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akusona isizathu ukuthi amaLandseers anganconywa ukuthi ageze njalo: ijazi lalezi zinja livame ukuzihlanza, ukuze, noma ngabe kungcoliswe kakhulu, ngemuva kwesikhashana inja izophinde ibe mhlophe njengeqhwa ngamabala amnyama akhanyayo.
Izindlebe kufanele zihlolwe futhi zihlanzwe, uma kunesidingo, kusuka ku-wax, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunconywa ukwenza le nqubo kanye ngesonto. Amehlo enja nawo adinga ukuhlanzwa kuphela lapho kunesidingo. Abanikazi abanolwazi beluleka ukuthi bafundise inja ukuxubha amazinyo ebuntwaneni; bayeluleka ukwenza le nqubo kanye noma kabili ngesonto.
Ukudla, ukudla
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokubonakala komdlwane endlini, kufanele usungule umsoco ofanele... Ama-Landseers amancane adinga ukondliwa ngokuqinile ngokwesheduli, okokuqala kulandela izincomo zomfuyi futhi kamuva ashintshele ohlotsheni lokondla olulula kakhulu kumnikazi wembuzi. Inani lokuphakelayo kufanele futhi lehliswe kancane kancane, kuphela ngonyaka ukwehlisa inani lazo libe yimbili: ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Okubalulekile! Isisekelo sokondla izinja zalolu hlobo kufanele kube yimikhiqizo yamaprotheni futhi, ikakhulukazi, imikhiqizo yobisi ebilisiwe yemidlwane, neyezilwane ezindala - inyama. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqapha ngokuqinile ukuze inja ingadli ngokweqile.
Ngokudla okungokwemvelo, umgcini mhlaba kufanele athole inyama enomzimba ngaphandle kwengulube, kanye nomhluzi, iphalishi elincane (okuhle kunakho konke - i-oatmeal, i-buckwheat noma ilayisi), imifino (eluhlaza noma ebilisiwe), izithelo, amakhambi, i-kefir noma i-yogurt engenashukela, i-cottage shizi. Kwesinye isikhathi inyama ingashintshwa ngenhlanzi yasolwandle ebilisiwe, iyinike isilinganiso esingu-1.5: 1. Uqwanga lunganikezwa njengokwelashwa.
Lapho ukondla ngokwemvelo, kuyadingeka ukwengeza izengezo zamavithamini namaminerali ekudleni kwenja, okuzoqinisekisa ukwakheka okulungile kohlelo lwesicubu semisipha lwesilwane futhi kunikeze umzimba wayo izinto ezincane ezidingekayo. I-landseer nayo ingadla ukudla okulungele ukudliwa okusezingeni eliphezulu nangaphezulu, kepha ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lokudla okunempilo kokudla okukhethiwe kufana nezidingo zesilwane, iminyaka kanye nempilo. Ukudla okungokwemvelo nokwenziwe uphawu lomkhiqizo akufanele kuhlanganiswe, ngoba lokhu kugcwele izinkinga zempilo.
Izifo nezinkinga zokuzala
Lezi zinja zinezici eziningana zezifo, phakathi kwazo okulandelayo:
- I-Subaortic stenosis.
- Isifo se-Urolithiasis.
- Abezindaba abahlukahlukene be-otitis.
- Ukungezwani komzimba.
- Isifo sokuwa.
- I-Volvulus yesisu noma yamathumbu.
- Dysplasia. Okwamanje ayivamile, kepha isatholakala phakathi kwabaLandseers.
Okubalulekile! Ngaphandle kokuthi lolu hlu alude kakhulu, abanikazi bezinja zalolu hlobo kufanele baqaphele impilo yezilwane zabo. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa kanye ngonyaka ukuthi bahlolelwe ngokuphelele isilwane emtholampilo wezilwane.
Ngokuwohloka okuncane kwezempilo, kufanele ukhombise udokotela wezilwane ngokushesha.
Izinkinga zokuzala zifaka:
- Umbala ongajwayelekile.
- Amehlo alula, aphuzi.
- Ukwengeza okungahambisani.
- Ukuphakama nesisindo esingahlangabezani nesilinganiso.
- Izinkinga zengqondo, ezinjengokuba nonya kakhulu noma ukungalingani.
Ukuqeqesha nokufundisa
Ama-landseers ayizinhlobo ezinkulu, futhi yize enobudlova ngokungalawuleki, ukulalela okungenakuphikiswa kubaluleke kakhulu kubo. Udinga ukuqala ukukhulisa isilwane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukwethula umdlwane kuwo wonke amalungu omndeni futhi umsize akhe ubuhlobo nomunye nomunye wabo. Okulandelayo, udinga ukufundisa u-landseer osemncane ukuthi agcine inhlanzeko endlini, ngokuyalelwa ukuthi aye endaweni yakho futhi ashiye ngokuzikhandla izindlela zokumnakekela.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baqala ukujwayeza umdlwane esitendini sombukiso. Kunconywa ukuthi uhambe ngezinyawo ngemuva kwesifundo esidingekayo sokugoma nokuhlukaniswa. Ekuqaleni, ungahamba ngaphandle kwe-leash endaweni evaliwe, ufundise umdlwane ukugijimela umyalo ocingweni lomnikazi bese umvuza ngokuwuphatha. Kungcono ukujwayeza isilwane sakho ibhande nokhololo kancane kancane hhayi emgwaqweni, kepha ekhaya.
Okubalulekile! Ngenkathi ukhulisa futhi uqeqesha inja enjalo, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukuyihlukumeza akuvumelekile: lokhu kuzokwenza izinto zibe nzima kuphela, kanti impumelelo enkulu kakhulu ingatholakala ngokudumisa, ukuthanda kanye nokuphindaphinda imiyalo ngesineke.
Batshintshela ekuqeqesheni ngemuva kokuba umdlwane usufinyelele ebudaleni bezinyanga ezine, yize eqala ukutadisha eminye yemiyalo, enjengokuthi "Kimi" noma "Beka" ngaphambili kakhulu: ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuhlala kwakhe ekhaya elisha. Uma ucabanga ukuthi umuntu ogcina indawo angaba nenkani futhi ngoba lezi zinja zivame ukuzithathela izinqumo mayelana nokuthi zidinga ukulandela umyalo othile, kungcono ukubeka ukuphathwa kwesilwane kochwepheshe.
Thenga iLandseer
Ukuthenga iLandseer yibhizinisi elinomthwalo futhi akulona elilula, uma kubhekwa ukuthi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe e-CIS kubhekwa njengohlobo olungajwayelekile nolubiza kakhulu.... Futhi abanye abangaba ngabanikazi ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi i-Landseer akuyona uhlobo oluzimele, kepha inhlobonhlobo yaseNewfoundland, ebonakala ngombala omhlophe nomnyama.
Yini okufanele uyibheke
Inani eliphakeme kanye nokuqinisekisa komfuyi kohlobo oluzalisiwe akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi umdlwane uzoba yiLandseer, hhayi iNewfoundland emnyama nomhlophe ngokugqamile futhi imestizo mestizo nje, noma imbongolo embi kakhulu. Ukuphela kwento engasebenza njengesiqiniseko sohlobo ngumethrikhi wemidlwane. Ngokuya ngalokhu, kunconywa ukuthi uthenge ama-Landseers kuphela ezindaweni eziqinisekisiwe noma kumfuyi onokwethenjelwa.
Lapho ukhetha umdlwane, ochwepheshe bancoma ukuthi unake lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo zokuzalela kwezempilo nekhwalithi:
- I-puppy enempilo iyasebenza, ilangazelela ngokulingene futhi iyadlala.
- Ubukeka ekhuluphele, kodwa engakhuluphele.
- Izimbambo ezihambayo kanye nokuzaca okubonakalayo nakho akwamukelekile: kungaba luphawu lokugula okuthile okungathi sína.
- Umdlwane ophilile unamehlo acwebile, ahlanzekile angenakho ukuphuma, ijazi elicwebezelayo elingenawo amabala empandla nesikhumba ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubomvu noma ukuqhuma.
Lapho uneminyaka engu-2-3 izinyanga, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi inja izokhula kanjani, kepha uma ukhetha, kufanele unake ukuthobela ukubukeka kwayo nezinga lohlobo lwalezo zici zangaphandle ezingeke zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma ezizoshintsha kancane. Lokhu kufaka: umbala, ukuluma, umbala wamehlo, ukufakwa kombala emakhaleni nasezindebeni, isethi, ukuma nosayizi wezindlebe, ukuqina nokuma kwezitho, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukwakhiwa okuhambisanayo.
Okubalulekile! Imidlwane emincane ibukeka imangele ngaphezu kwezilwane ezindala, kepha noma kunjalo ukungezwani komthethosisekelo okuphawuleka kulesi sikhathi, kungenzeka kakhulu, kuzozenza kuzwakale ngokuzayo, lapho inja ikhula.
Intengo yozalo lomdlwane
Izindleko zempuphu yeLandseer ephelele iqala kusuka kuma-ruble angama-35,000-40,000, kepha kuya ngemvelaphi nesigaba (isilwane, uhlobo, umbukiso) singakhuphukela ku-100,000 noma ngaphezulu. Ukuze inja ithengwe esitokisini sangaphandle, kungenzeka ukuthi uzokhokha ngaphezulu.Amanani emidlwane yalolu hlobo ancike kwisizini nasehlobo, ngesikhathi samaholide, ingaba ngaphansi kakhulu kunangaphambi kwamaholide kaNcibijane. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi abalimi bathengise ngemali engaphansi kwemidlwane eseyikhulile.
Ukubuyekezwa komnikazi
Emhlabeni wonke, abanikazi balezi zinja bagubha ukwethembeka kwezilwane zabo ezifuywayo kanye nesifiso sabo sokusiza abantu. Abanye babaninhlanhla yabaninimikhumbi baqaphela ukuthi izinja zabo, uma zibhukuda emfuleni noma olwandle, zidudulela abanikazi bazo ogwini, njengoba kwenza okhokho babo, abasindisa abantu abaminza ngesikhathi bephukelwa umkhumbi. Futhi, abanikazi bayaqaphela ukuthi le nja kulula ukuyinakekela, futhi ekudleni ayithobeki.
Kuyiqiniso, ukuze ukhule ube ngumuntu ohamba kancane, uqinile futhi unempilo, kuzodingeka uchithe imali eningi ekuphakeleni okusezingeni eliphakeme nasekondleni okuhle... Abanikazi balobu buhle obumhlophe nobumnyama bayaqaphela ukuthi uboya bezilwane zabo ezifuywayo, uma zingcolile, noma ziqine kakhulu, ziyazihlanza, okwenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwazo. Ukuhlangana okuphawuleka kwabakwaLandseers nezinye izilwane nothando lwazo ezinganeni kungenye yezinhlobo zohlanga abanikazi bazo abazibonayo.
Ngokuvamile, lokhu kunguhlobo oluphilile, kepha abanikazi bemihlaba abanesibopho sokubhekana, njengenyathelo lokuvimbela, bathatha isilwane sabo basise emtholampilo wezilwane kanye ngonyaka ukuthola umzimba ophelele futhi batusa ukwenza okufanayo kubo bonke abantu abangenisa inja enjalo endlini.
Ama-landseers yizinja ezinkulu ezinemibala egqamile emhlophe nemnyama. Zikhuliswe njengabalingani bomkhumbi, lezi zinja manje seziba abangane abahle kakhulu. Banobungane, banothando futhi banothando ukusiza abanikazi babo, yibo abafaneleka kakhulu njengezilwane ezifuywayo kubantu abahlala ngaphandle kwedolobha. Futhi kulabo abafuna inja enkulu, enamandla, kodwa engathukutheli ukuthi bahlale endlini yakhe, kungenzeka ukuthi bancome uLandseer njengesilwane esifuywayo.
