Ama-halibuts, noma ama-halibuts, awaziwa nangokuthi "Sole" igama elihlanganisa izinhlobo ezinhlanu ezihlukene, ezifakwe emkhakheni wezinhlobo ezintathu, okungowomndeni wakwaFlounder kanye ne-Flounder oda. Amalungu omndeni angabahlali bezilwandle ezisenyakatho ezizungeze izindawo ezisempumalanga nasenyakatho yeRussia.
Incazelo ye-halibut
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-halibuts nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zomndeni wakwaFlounder ngumzimba ohlangane kakhulu... Okunye ukulingana kogebhezi nakho kuyabanjwa, okungacacisi kangako kunama-flounders. Izici zokubukeka kwangaphandle kwama-halibuts zixhomeke ngqo kuzimpawu zezinhlobo zalabo abamele abakwa-Flounders bomndeni kanye ne-oda le-Flounders.
Ukubukeka
I-Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) Ingabe inhlanzi, enobude bomzimba ebangeni elingama-450-470 cm, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-300-320 kg. Ama-halibuts ase-Atlantic anomzimba oyisicaba, omise okwedayimane nophakanyisiwe. Amehlo asohlangothini lwesokudla. Umzimba umbozwe izikali eziyindilinga, futhi zonke izikali ezinkulu zizungezwe indandatho, emelwe izikali ezincane. Isiphetho sesiphetho sepectoral ohlangothini lweso sikhulu kunesiphetho ohlangothini olungaboni. Umlomo omkhulu unamazinyo abukhali futhi amakhulu aqondiswe emuva. I-fin ye-caudal ine-notch encane. Umbala wohlangothi lwamehlo unombala onsundu onsundu noma omnyama ngaphandle kokumakwa. Amajaji anezimpawu ezingajwayelekile ezilula emizimbeni yawo. Uhlangothi olungaboni lwenhlanzi lumhlophe.
I-Pacific halibut emhlophe (I-Hippoglossus stenolepis) Ungomunye wamalungu amakhulu emndenini. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-460-470 cm, ngesisindo somzimba esifinyelela ku-360-363 kg. Umzimba uvuleke kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa namanye ama-flounders. Kunemigqa emibili yamazinyo emihlathini engenhla, nomugqa owodwa emihlathini engezansi. Umbala wohlangothi lwamehlo unombala onsundu noma ompunga ngomthunzi oluhlaza okotshani ongabonakali kakhulu. Njengomthetho, kukhona ukumaka okumnyama nokukhanya emzimbeni. Uhlangothi oluyimpumputhe lumhlophe. Isikhumba simbozwe ngezikali ezincane ze-cycloidal. Ulayini we-lateral wezinhlanzi ubonakala ngokugoba okubukhali esifundeni se-pectoral fin.
Umcibisholo we-Asiatic halibut (Lethokuhle) - inhlanzi encane enobude bomzimba obungadluli ku-45-70 cm nobukhulu obungu-1.5-3.0 kg. Ubude obude bomuntu omdala abudluli imitha enesisindo esingu-8.5 kg. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe umbozwe izikali ze-ctenoid, ezitholakala ohlangothini lweso. Ingxenye yomzimba engaboni imbozwe izikali zama-cycloid. Ulayini we-lateral womzimba uqinile, ucishe uqonde, umbozwe izikali ezingama-75-109. Imihlathi inemigqa emibili yamazinyo amise okwomcibisholo. Uhlangothi ngalunye lomzimba lunamabhangqa amabili emakhaleni. Izici ezihlukile ezihlukile zimelwe indawo yeso eliphezulu, elingadluli engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda, kanye nekhala langaphakathi langaphakathi eline-valve ende ohlangothini oluyimpumputhe. Uhlangothi lweso lunsundu ngokumpunga, kanti uhlangothi olungaboni lubonakala ngombala okhanyayo kancane.
Umcibisholo waseMelika i-halibut (Ihlanganisa ama-stomias) - inhlanzi enobude bomzimba ebangeni elingama-40-65 cm ngesisindo somzimba ebangeni elingu-1.5-3.0 kg. Umzimba ovulekile umbozwe izikali ze-ctenoid ohlangothini lweso. Izikali ze-cycloid zitholakala ohlangothini olungaboni. Ulayini ohlangothini nhlangothi zombili uqinile, ucishe uqonde ngokuphelele. Emhlathini kukhona imigqa emibili yamazinyo amise okomcibisholo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Halibut Fry inesimo esilinganayo futhi yehluke kancane kunoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi, kepha ngemuva kwesikhashana elinye lamacele liqala ukukhula ngokushesha, ngenxa yokuthi umzimba ubambeka, futhi umlomo namehlo kushintshela ohlangothini lwesokunene.
Kunamakhala amabili ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba. Isici esihlukile se-American arrowtooth halibut yikhala yangaphakathi enephayiphu emfushane ohlangothini oluyimpumputhe. Uhlangothi lwamehlo lomzimba lubonakala ngombala onsundu omnyama, futhi uhlangothi olungaboni lubunsundu ngokukhanyayo ngombala onsomi.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Abamele umndeni wakwaFoundounder kanye ne-Flounder oda yizinhlanzi eziphansi ezidlayo ezihlala ekujuleni okukhulu. Ehlobo, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zihlala nasekholamu lamanzi lamaphakathi. Abantu abadala be-halibut yasePacific bavame ukuhlala emthambekeni wezwekazi ezingeni lokushisa kwamanzi eduze kwangaphansi kuka-1.5-4.5 ° C. Ehlobo, izinhlanzi ezinjalo zithuthelekela ezindaweni zokondliwa ezimelwe amanzi angajulile asogwini. I-American arrowtooth halibut iyinhlanzi yasolwandle eyi-benthic ehlala ekujuleni okuphakathi kwamamitha angama-40 kuye kwayi-1150.
Ama-Asian arrowtooth halibuts afundisa izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezingezansi ezihlala ngaphezu kwamatshe anendawo enamadwala, enodaka nesihlabathi. Abamele lolu hlobo alwenzi ukufuduka okunwetshiwe. Zibonakala ngokufuduka okume mpo. Ngokuqala kwenkathi efudumele, ama-halibuts e-arrowtooth e-Asia ahambela ekujuleni okungajulile. Ebusika, izinhlanzi ziyahamba ziye ezindaweni ezijulile. Kubantu abasha kanye nabantu abangavuthiwe, indawo yokuhlala ekujuleni okujulile iyisici.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani i-halibut
Isilinganiselo, esiqinisekiswe ngokusemthethweni kuze kube manje, isikhathi sokuphila sabamele umndeni wakwaFlounder kanye neqembu leFoundounder sidlula kancane amashumi amathathu eminyaka. Isikhathi esiphezulu sempilo yezinhlobo zaseMelika Arrowtooth Halibut singaphezu nje kweminyaka engamashumi amabili. I-Atlantic halibut, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, inamandla okuphila iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kuya kwamashumi amahlanu.
Izinhlobo zeHalibut
IHalibut njengamanje ifaka izizukulwane ezintathu nezinhlobo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko zezinhlanzi ezihamba kancane, kufaka phakathi:
- I-Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) ne-Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis);
- Umcibisholo wase-Asia i-halibut (i-Atheresthes evermanni) ne-American arrowtooth halibut (i-Atheresthes stomias);
- i-halibut enezinwele ezimnyama noma eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides).
Kuyathakazelisa! Impahla ethokozisayo yawo wonke ama-halibuts yikhono lenyama yawo ukubamba iqhaza ekunciphiseni umzimba, okuwukuthi kutholakala inani elanele le-selenium, eligcina amangqamuzana esibindi esimweni esinempilo.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezibalwe ngenhla, kukhona nezinhlayiya eziningi ze-halibut.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Atlantic halibut ihlala eNyakatho ye-Atlantic nasezingxenyeni ezincikene neNyakatho ye-Ocean... Endaweni engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Atlantic, abamele lezi zinhlobo basakazeke kahle ukusuka eKolguev Island naseNovaya Zemlya kuya eBay of Biscay. Futhi, i-halibut yase-Atlantic itholakala ngasogwini lwase-Iceland, ngasogwini olusempumalanga yeGreenland, eduze kweziQhingi zaseBrithani naseFaroe. Emanzini aseRussia, abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yoLwandle iBarents.
Ama-halibuts amhlophe asePacific asabalele eNyakatho Pacific Ocean. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bahlala emanzini oLwandle iBering nase-Okhotsk, eduze nogu lwaseNyakatho Melika, ukusuka e-Alaska kuya eCalifornia. Abantu abahlukanisiwe babonwa emanzini oLwandle lwaseJapan. IPacific halibut emhlophe itholakala ekujuleni okungafika kumamitha ayi-1200.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-Asian arrowtooth halibut isabalale kuphela eNyakatho Pacific Ocean. Inani labantu litholakala endaweni esogwini olusempumalanga yesiqhingi saseHokkaido naseHonshu, emanzini oLwandle lwaseJapan nase-Okhotsk, ogwini olusempumalanga nasentshonalanga yeKamchatka, empumalanga emanzini oLwandle iBering, kuya eGulf of Alaska naseziQhingini zase-Aleutian.
I-American arrowtooth halibut iyinhlobo ethandwayo esabalele eNyakatho Pacific Ocean. Abamele lezi zinhlobo batholakala kusukela engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Kuril ne-Aleutian Islands kuya eGulf of Alaska. Bahlala olwandle lwaseChukchi nolwase-Okhotsk, bahlala ezindaweni ezisempumalanga yolwandle lwaseKamchatka nasempumalanga yoLwandle iBering.
Ukudla kwe-halibut
Ama-halibuts ase-Atlantic ayizilwane ezihlasela amanzi, adla kakhulu izinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-cod, i-haddock, i-capelin, i-herring ne-gobies, kanye nama-cephalopods nezinye izilwane ze-benthic. Abantu abancane kunabo bonke balezi zinhlobo badla kakhulu kuma-crustaceans amakhulu, bakhetha izinkalankala nezimfanzi. Imvamisa ama-halibuts ngenkathi yokubhukuda agcina imizimba yawo isendaweni evundlile, kepha lapho ijaha inyamazane, izinhlanzi ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukwehla zisuka phansi zihambe zime ziqonde eduze kwamanzi.
Ama-halibuts amhlophe asePacific izinhlanzi ezidlayo ezidla ezinhlanzini ezahlukahlukene, kanye nama-crustaceans amaningi njenge-crab yeqhwa, imfanzi kanye ne-hermit crab. Ama-squids nama-octopus nawo asetshenziswa kaningi njengokudla kwama-halibuts anjalo. Ukwakheka kokudla kwemvelo kwePacific halibut kudlula ekushintsheni okuphawulekayo kwesizini, ubudala nobudala.
Izinja zalolu hlobo zidla kakhulu izimfanzi nezinkalankala zeqhwa. Ekuphishekeleni inyamazane yayo, inhlanzi enjalo iyakwazi ukuphuma ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-Asian arrowtooth halibut ikakhulukazi i-pollock, kepha isilwane esinamanzi esikhulu kangako futhi singondla ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, imfanzi, i-octopus, i-squid ne-euphausids. Abasakhulayo kanye nabantu abangavuthiwe badla i-Pacific cod, pollock, pollock, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo ezipholile. I-arrowtooth yaseMelika i-halibut yondla i-pollock, i-cod, i-hake, i-grouper, i-liqueur, ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-Atlantic namanye ama-halibuts ayizinhlanzi ezidla ezinye ezizala ngokuzala... Abesilisa balolu hlobo bafinyelela ekuvuthweni okuphelele kwezocansi eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya kweyisishiyagalombili ubudala, kanti abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi cishe eminyakeni eyishumi ubudala. I-Atlantic halibut izala ngamamitha ayi-300-700 ngokushisa okuphakathi kuka-5-7 ° C. Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ngoDisemba-Meyi. Ukuzalela kwenzeka emigodini ejulile ngasogwini, noma kulokho okuthiwa ama-fjords.
Amaqanda e-Atlantic halibut agcinwa emanzini olwandle kuze kuvele izibungu, futhi owesifazane oyedwa uzala amaqanda ayizigidi eziyi-1.3 kuya kwezingu-3.5, ububanzi obuyi-3.5-4.3 mm. Izibungu zichanyuselwa emaqandeni ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu, kodwa ekuqaleni zizama ukuhlala kukholamu lamanzi. Ngemuva kokufinyelela ubude obungu-40 mm, izibungu ze-Atlantic halibut zihlala phansi.
Kwabesifazane be-arrowtooth halibut yase-Asia, ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyi-7 kuya kwengu-10 ubudala, futhi abesilisa balezi zinhlobo bavuthwa ngokocansi beneminyaka engu-7-9 ubudala. Abantu abadala bayazala emanzini oLwandle iBering kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Emanzini oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk, ukuzala kwenzeka ngo-Agasti kuya kuDisemba. ICaviar yohlobo lwe-pelagic, ezalwe ngamamitha ayi-120-1200 ukujula.Amazinga esilinganiso okuzala angamaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-220-1385. Izibungu zikhulu ngokwedlulele, mncane futhi zinde, zinezinsipho endaweni engenhla kwamehlo naphezu kobuso bekhava ye-gill.
Izitha zemvelo
Izimpawu nezingonyama zasolwandle yizilwane ezidla i-Asian arrowtooth halibut. Ama-halibuts anezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu zemvelo, ngakho-ke izinhlanzi ezinjalo zingakhula zibe ngosayizi abakhulu kakhulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinhlanzi zasolwandle eziyigugu kubadobi abaningi ezweni lethu nakwamanye amazwe ziyizisulu ezifiselekayo, ngakho-ke ukudoba okusebenzayo kunomthelela ekwehliseni inani eliphelele lama-halibuts.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Izinqubo zokukhula kancane kanye nezikhathi zokuvuthwa sekwephuze kakhulu zenza i-halibut yase-Atlantic ibe yizinhlobo ezisengozini yokudoba ngokweqile. Ukudoba izinhlanzi ezinjalo okwamanje kulawulwa ngokuqinile, futhi ngaphezu kwemikhawulo yobukhulu, njalo ngonyaka kusukela eshumini lesithathu likaDisemba kuya ekupheleni kukaMashi, kwethulwa ukumiswa mayelana nokubanjwa kwe-halibut ngamanetha, kanye nama-trawls nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinto ezingaguquki.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ensimini yaseScotland naseNorway, izinhlobo ze-Atlantic halibut zikhuliswa ngokungeyikho, kanti i-International Union for Conservation of Nature isinikeze isimo sokongiwa "Esengozini".
Ubungako besibalo sezinhlobo zezinhlobo ze-White-bore Pacific halibuts emanzini aseKamchatka azinzile namuhla.
Inani lokuhweba
ERussia okwamanje akukho ndawo yokudoba okuhlosiwe yabamele izinhlobo ze-White-bore Pacific halibut. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi zingabanjwa njengalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukubanjwa ngamanetha e-gill, ulayini ophansi, ama-snurrevods kanye nama-trawls ngenkathi kudotshwa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezisogwini noma ezijulile zolwandle.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Inhlanzi eyi-Sterlet
- Izinhlanzi zePollock
- Inhlanzi yePike
- Izinhlanzi zePollock
Noma kunjalo, lolu hlobo okwamanje luyinto yokudoba ezemidlalo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-halibut kwezentengiso manje kwenziwa ikakhulukazi eNorway kusuka ngoJuni kuya ku-Okthoba.
