UBurbot, noma omncane (uLota lota) ungummeleli wohlobo lwegama elifanayo, ikilasi elinezinhlanzi eziboshelwe uRay nomndeni wakwaCod. Yiyona kuphela inhlanzi yasemanzini angenasawoti kuphela evela ku-oda Codfish (Gadiformes). Uyehluka kunani lentengiso.
Incazelo ye-burbot
IBurbot ukuphela kwezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-burbot ezivela emndenini omncane weLotinae... Ngabo bonke abacwaningi basekhaya, uhlobo lwe-burbot lungolomndeni kaLotidae Bonaparte, kepha imibono yososayensi abaningi yayihlukaniswe nge-monotypicity. Abanye ososayensi baseRussia bahlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu:
- burbot ovamile (Lota lota lota) - ohlala ejwayelekile eYurophu nase-Asia kuze kube semfuleni weLena;
- i-burbot enomsila omuhle (iLota lota leptura) - ehlala eSiberia kusuka esiteshini somfula iKara kuya emanzini eBering Strait, ogwini lwe-Arctic e-Alaska kuya eMackenzie River.
Impikiswano ukwabiwa kwama-subspecies iLota lota maculosa, abameleli bawo abahlala eNyakatho Melika. Ukubukeka kwangaphandle, kanye nendlela yokuphila yama-burbots, kukhombisa ukuthi inhlanzi enjalo iyimpinda, elondolozwe kusukela ku-Ice Age.
Ukubukeka
IBurbot inomzimba ovulekile futhi ophansi, oyindilinga engxenyeni engaphambili futhi icindezelwe kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini ezingxenyeni ezingemuva. Ikhanda liyisicaba, futhi ubude balo buhlale bukhulu kunokuphakama komzimba okuphezulu. Amehlo mancane. Umlomo mkhulu, uyisisekelo esiphansi, unomhlathi ophansi, omfushane kunowaphezulu. Ekhanda le-coulter nasemhlathini, kukhona amazinyo amancane anjenge-bristle, kepha ulwanga alukho. Indawo yesilevu ine-eriyali elilodwa elingabhanqiwe, elakha cishe u-20-30% wobude bekhanda eliphelele. Kukhona nepheya lezimpondo elitholakala emihlathini engenhla yenhlanzi.
Umbala womzimba we-burbot uxhomeke ngqo kuzici zenhlabathi, kanye nokukhanyisa kanye nezinga lokubonakala kwamanzi. Iminyaka yezinhlanzi ayibalulekanga kangako ngombala, ngakho-ke umbala wesikali uyehluka impela, kepha imvamisa kunabantu abanombala onsundu omnyama noma ompunga omnyama, okhanya ngokobudala.
Izindawo ezinkulu zombala okhanyayo zihlala zikhona emaphikweni angenawo amaphini nasezingxenyeni ezisemuva zomzimba. Ukuma nobukhulu bamabala anjalo kungahluka kakhulu, kepha indawo esiswini namaphiko ezinhlanzi ahlala elula.
Abamele uhlobo lwegama elifanayo babonakala ngokuba khona kwamaphiko ama-dorsal. Umphetho wokuqala onjalo mfushane, kanti owesibili mude kakhulu. Isiphetho se-anal naso sibonakala ngobude. Ndawonye ne-dorsal fin yesibili, basondela kufini ye-caudal, kepha akukho ukuxhumana. Amaphiko wepectoral ayindilinga. Amaphiko ezinqeni atholakala emphinjeni, ngaphambi nje kwama-pectorals. Imisebe yesibili, engengasemuva okhalweni, inwetshelwa kwintambo ende ende, enikezwa ngamaseli abucayi. Umphetho we-caudal uyindilinga.
Kuyathakazelisa!Izinkomba ezihamba phambili zokuthuthuka nokuzuza kwesisindo zinemigodi ye-Ob basin, esondelene kakhulu nokukhula okulinganayo ne-Vilyui burbot, futhi abantu abadala kakhulu, abanesisindo esingu-17-18 kg, bahlala emanzini oMfula iLena.
Izikali zohlobo lwe-cycloid, oluncane kakhulu ngosayizi, zimboza ngokuphelele umzimba wonke, kanye nengxenye yesifunda sekhanda kusuka phezulu, kuze kufike kusembozo se-gill namakhala. Ulayini ophelele we-lateral ufinyelela ku-caudal peduncle bese uyaqhubeka, kepha ungaphazamiseka. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-110-120. Ezinqolobaneni zemvelo ezahlukahlukene, izinqubo ezikhulayo zokukhula zenzeka ngokungalingani.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
IBurbot ingeyesigaba sezinhlanzi ezisebenza kuphela emanzini abandayo, futhi ukuzala kuvame ukwenzeka kusukela ngoDisemba kuya eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaJanuwari noma uFebhuwari. Empeleni, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasebusika lapho ukuphakama komsebenzi we-burbot yabantu abadala kwehla. Isidalwa esisemanzini, esikhetha ukuhola impilo yasebusuku kuphela, sizingela kakhulu ezansi.
Abakhululekile kunabo bonke abamele isigaba nenhlanzi ezihlungiwe nge-Ray nemindeni I-Codfish izizwa kuphela emanzini okushisa okungadluli ku-11-12mayelanaKUSUKA... Lapho amanzi ezindaweni zawo eqala ukufudumala, ama-burbots ngokuvamile aba yingozi, futhi isimo sawo sifana nokulala okuvamile.
I-Burbot ayisiyo inhlanzi yokufunda, kepha-ke, abantu abayishumi nambili ngasikhathi sinye bangahlala ndawonye endaweni eyodwa. Izibonelo ezinkulu ze-burbot zikhetha ukuhola impilo yokuphila yedwa. Eduze nesikhathi sehlobo, inhlanzi izifunela imisele noma izama ukuvimba phakathi kwezingibe ezinkulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yezici ezithile zokuziphatha kwabo, ama-burbots wabantu abadala ayakwazi ukweqa ukudla amasonto ambalwa.
Abamele iqembu leCodfish bakhetha izindawo ezinemithombo ebandayo. Izinhlanzi ezinjalo azikuthandi ukukhanya, ngakho azizizwa zikhululekile ngobusuku obukhanyayo benyanga. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, ama-burbots ayeka ukondla ngokuphelele, futhi lapho kunamafu noma kubanda isimo sezulu afuna inyamazane ebusuku.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani iburbot
Ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezinethezekile kakhulu nasendaweni ekahle yokuhlala, isikhathi eside kakhulu sokuphila sama-burbots kuyaqabukela sidlula ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-Burbot ibonakala ngokuhanjiswa kwe-circumpolar. Imvamisa, abameleli bomndeni wamaCod batholakala emifuleni egelezela emanzini oLwandle i-Arctic. EBritish Isles, izinsalela zama-burbots zirekhodwe cishe yonke indawo, kepha okwamanje izinhlanzi ezinjalo azisatholakali emizimbeni yamanzi yemvelo. Isimo esifanayo sivamile eBelgium. Kwezinye izifunda zaseJalimane, ama-burbots nawo aqothuliwe, kepha asatholakala emanzini omfula iDanube, i-Elbe, i-Oder neRhine. Izinhlelo ezibhekiswe ekubuyisweni kabusha kwe-burbot ziyenziwa namuhla e-UK nase-Germany.
AmaBurbot ajwayelekile emizimbeni yemvelo yemvelo yaseSweden, iNorway, iFinland, i-Estonia, iLithuania neLatvia, kepha emachibini aseFinland, amanani abo mancane. Emizimbeni yamanzi yaseFinland, kusanda kuqashelwa ukwehla kwenani labantu, ngenxa yokungcola kwendawo nokudla kwabo. Futhi, izizathu zokwehla kwesibalo zifaka i-acidification yamanzi kanye nokuvela kwezinhlobo ezingaziwa, ezithatha indawo yezomdabu.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yesitoko seSlovenia sigxile emanzini omfula iDrava naseLake Cerknica. ECzech Republic, abameleli bohlobo bahlala emifuleni i-Ohře naseMorava. ERussia, ama-burbots asatshalaliswa cishe yonke indawo emanzini asezindaweni ezinamazinga okushisa afudumele ne-arctic, emigodini ye-White, Baltic, Barents, Caspian kanye neBlack Sea, kanye nasemigodini yemifula yaseSiberia.
Umngcele osenyakatho wobubanzi be-burbot umelwe ugu lolwandle lolwandle. Abantu batholakala ezindaweni ezithile ze-Yamal Peninsula, eTaimyr naseNovosibirsk Islands, emanzini echibini i-Ob-Irtysh naseLake Baikal. Abamele lezi zinhlobo nabo bavame ukutholakala emgodini we-Amur noLwandle Oluphuzi, futhi bavame kakhulu eShantar Islands naseSakhalin.
Ukudla kweBurbot
I-Burbot ingeyenhlanzi engezansi edlayo, ngoba ukudla kwabo kuvezwa izakhamuzi eziphansi zamachibi... Abantu abasha abangaphansi kweminyaka emibili babonakala ngokudla izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-crustaceans amancane nezibungu, kanye namaqanda ezinhlanzi ahlukahlukene. Abantu abakhule kancane nabo abawadeleli amaxoxo, izibungu zabo namaqanda. Ngokukhula, ama-burbot aba yizilwane eziyingozi, futhi ukudla kwawo kuqukethe izinhlanzi, ubukhulu bazo obungafinyelela ngisho nokwesithathu kosayizi wazo.
Ukwakheka kokudla kwama-burbots wabantu abadala kuncike kuzinguquko eziphawuleka kakhulu unyaka wonke. Isibonelo, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, izilwane ezinjenge-benthic, ngisho nosayizi abakhulu kakhulu, zithanda ukondla i-crayfish nezibungu. Ngezinsuku ezishisa kakhulu, ama-burbots ayayeka ukudla ngokuphelele, bese azama ukucasha ezindaweni ezinamanzi abandayo ezinqolobaneni zemvelo. Ukuqala kwekwindla ebandayo ekwindla kubonakaliswa izinguquko ekuziphatheni nasekondleni kwabamele amanzi ahlanzekile omndeni we-cod. Izinhlanzi zishiya indawo yazo yokukhosela bese ziqala ukufuna okusebenzayo kokudla ebusuku kuphela.
Kaningi, ekufuneni okusebenzayo kokudla, ama-burbots avakashela izindawo ezinamanzi angajulile. Isifiso sesilwane esinamanzi esikhulu kangako sikhula njalo ngokuncipha kombuso wamazinga okushisa emanzini nasezimeni zokwehla emini. Ngokuqala kwesikhathi sasebusika, ama-minnows, ama-loaches nama-ruffs, okulele kancane, aba yisisulu se-burbot. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-crucian carp, zivame ukuzwela kakhulu, zibenze babe mancane amathuba okuthi bawele emlonyeni wesilwane esidla ebusuku.
Ngokuya ngezici ezithile zokugqekeza kwe-burbot burbot, kungenzeka ukuphetha ngokuthi isilwane esinjalo samanzi sikhetha ukubamba inyamazane ebanjiwe cishe nganoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, ngemuva kwalokho siyigwinya ngomoya ophansi ngaphandle kokwenza ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. Abameleli abanjalo bamanzi angenasawoti be-oda iCodfish banomqondo othuthuke kakhulu wokuhogela nokuzwa, kanti ukubona kusetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu ngesidalwa esisemanzini.
Kuyathakazelisa! AmaBurbots akwazi ukudla nezilwane ezibolayo, imvamisa zigwinya izinhlanzi ezicwebezelayo ngendlela yokunamathela nokuhlambalaza, kanti eyokugcina iyisisulu esiyintandokazi nesivamile somzingeli wasemanzini wasebusuku.
AmaBurbots ayakwazi ukuhogela nokuzwa isisulu sawo kude kakhulu. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sasebusika, ama-burbots ayeke ngokuphelele ukondla. Ngemuva kokundikindiki okuphelele, okuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma isonto, isikhathi sokuzala okusebenzayo siqala.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kubantu, inani labesilisa labamele i-cod lihlala likhulu kakhulu kunenani eliphelele labesifazane... AmaBurbots afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi eneminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala.
Abesilisa bakhwelana ngababili nabesifazane futhi bavundise amaqanda abekiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngisho nabantu abancane kakhulu bangaba ne-caviar evuthiwe. Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezinkulu nezincane ngasikhathi sinye zihlala emadamini ngasikhathi sinye, kanti lezi zokugcina zihlukaniswa ngombala omnyama ngokuphelele wesikali. Izinhlobo zamachibi zikhula ngokushesha kunomfula owodwa. Bacwilisa amaqanda kuphela ngemuva kokufika kubude obungu-30-35 cm, bese bethola isisindo esingaba ikhilogremu elilodwa nohhafu. Ama-juveniles akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke ngoJuni wonke amafry avela kumaqanda ebusika afinyelela ku-7-9 cm ngosayizi.
Abokuqala ukuya ezindaweni zokuzalela abantu ababanzima kakhulu futhi abakhulu kunabo bonke, abangahlangana ngamaqembu amancane ezinhlanzi eziyishumi kuya kwamashumi amabili. Ngemuva kwalokho, sekuwukujika kwama-burbots aphakathi nendawo ukuzala. Izinhlanzi ezisencane yizona ezigcina ukuya lapho kudalelwa khona izifuba, zigonene ezikoleni zezinhlobo ezicishe zibe yikhulu. Ama-burbots akhuphukayo ahamba kancane futhi ikakhulukazi ebusuku kuphela. Izindawo ezingajulile ezinomhlabathi ongezansi oqinile ziba yindawo efanelekile yokuzala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuze kube unyaka owodwa ubudala, ama-burbots amancane acasha ematsheni, futhi ngesikhathi sasehlobo sonyaka olandelayo, inhlanzi iya ekujuleni okukhulu ezindaweni ezinosilika, kepha imikhuba yokudla etholakala kuphela lapho ifinyelela ebusheni.
Abesifazane, abamele izinhlanzi ezidliwayo ze-cod, bahlukaniswa ngokuzala okuhle kakhulu. Owesifazane omdala ovuthiwe ngokobulili uyakwazi ukuzala amaqanda angaba yingxenye yesigidi. Amaqanda e-burbot anombala ophuzi ophawuleka kakhulu futhi mancane ngosayizi. Ububanzi beqanda obujwayelekile bungahluka ngaphakathi kuka-0.8-1.0 mm. Yize isibalo esikhulu samaqanda esibekiwe, inani labantu le-burbot okwamanje lincane kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo
Akuwona wonke amaqanda azala gazinga. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, akubona bonke abasha bokugcwaliswa abasindayo noma abavuthwe ngokocansi. Abantu abaningi abavela kule nzalo bangukudla kwabanye abahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi, kufaka phakathi i-perch, goby, ruff, bream yesiliva nabanye. Esikhathini esishisayo sasehlobo, ama-burbots cishe awakhombisi umsebenzi, ngakho-ke angaba yisisulu se-catfish. Ngokuvamile, ama-burbot amadala nalawo amakhulu awanazo izitha zemvelo, futhi into esemqoka ethinta kabi inani labantu ukubamba izinhlanzi ezinjalo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Namuhla, ama-burbots ahlala emadamini aseNetherlands asengozini yokuqothulwa ngokuphelele, futhi inani labantu liyancipha kancane kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu batholakala emanzini omfula iBiesbosche, iKrammere neVolkerak, emachibini aseKetelmeer nase-Ijsselmeer. E-Austria naseFrance, ama-burbots ayizinhlobo ezisengozini, futhi iningi labantu seligxile eSeine, eRhone, Meuse, Loire naseMoselles, kanye nasemanzini amachibi athile asezintabeni eziphakeme. Emifuleni nasemachibini aseSwitzerland, inani lama-burbot lizinzile impela.
Okubalulekile! Ukungcola okusebenzayo, kanye nokulawulwa kwezindawo zemifula, kunomthelela omubi kakhulu enanini lezilwane ezihlasela amanzi angenasawoti. Kunezinye izinto ezingezinhle futhi.
Zijwayelekile ensimini yamazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu futhi zimelela inkinga enkulu yokwehlisa inani lama-burbots. Isibonelo, eSlovenia ukubanjwa kwe-burbot akuvunyelwe, futhi eBulgaria umhlaseli wamanzi unikezwe isikhundla "sezinhlobo Ezingajwayelekile".
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- I-carp yesiliva
- I-salmon ebomvana
- Ukuphuza okuvamile
- I-Tuna
EHungary, abamele ama-codfish amanzi ahlanzekile bayizinhlobo ezisengozini, futhi ePoland inani eliphelele le-burbot nalo lehle kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva.
Inani lokuhweba
IBurbot ibhekwa ngokufanele njengenhlanzi eyigugu yezentengiselwano enenyama ebucayi, enambitheka kamnandi, okuthi, ngemuva kokubanda noma ukugcina okwesikhashana, ikwazi ukulahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwayo okuhle ngokushesha. Isibindi esikhulu se-burbot saziswa kakhulu, sinambitheka ngendlela emangalisayo futhi sicebile ngamavithamini ahlukahlukene.
