Naphezu kwegama layo, impisi yobumba, noma, njengoba ibizwa futhi, i-protel, akuyona neze eye-canine, kodwa ingeyomndeni we-hyena. Lesi silwane esidliwayo, esibukeka njengempisi emthende, noma kunjalo, sinezinto eziningi ezenza sikwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokunembile phakathi kwalezi ezimbili, noma ngabe zihlobene, kodwa, ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele. Phakathi kwazo, kanye nosayizi wazo omncane nomzimba wazo onomusa ngokwengeziwe, kungabangelwa imikhuba yokudla kwezimpisi ezigugile, nokudla kwazo, okungafani nemenyu yezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye ezivela emndenini we-hyena.
Incazelo yempisi yobumba
Impisi yomhlaba iyisilwane esihlukile kangangokuba lolu hlobo lwaze lwakhethwa njengohlobo oluhlukile - Kuvikela... Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokuthi lesi silwane ngaphandle sifana kakhulu nommeleli womndeni we-canine, noma kunjalo, kanye nezinye izinhlobo ezintathu zama-hyena, i-prothel ingeka-suborder of felines.
Ukubukeka
Impisi yomhlaba ayisona isilwane esincane. Futhi mncane kakhulu kunezihlobo zakhe - izimpisi zangempela. Ubude bomzimba wayo buphakathi kuka-55 kuye ku-95 cm, kanti ukuphakama lapho kubuna cishe kungama-45-50 cm.Isisindo sesilwane esidala singahluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-14 kg futhi izinguquko esisindweni somzimba waso zihlobene ikakhulu nokutholakala kwesizini kokudla.
Ngaphandle, i-prothel ibukeka inomusa kakhulu kunempisi: inemilenze emide mncane nentamo ende. Yize iqiniso lokuthi izingalo zalo zangaphambili zinde kunezindluzelekazi, i-croup yempisi yobumba ayithambeki kangako njengaleyo yezimpisi, futhi ulayini ongemuva awuthambekele kangako. Ikhanda lifana nelenja noma lempungushe: lide kakhulu, linomlomo omude, omncane. Izindlebe zikhulu ngokwanele, zingunxantathu futhi zikhombe kancane kuzeluleko. Amehlo amnyama, mancane.
Ijazi liminyene futhi alifushane kakhulu, liqukethe izinwele zokuqapha ezigqamile kanye nebhantshi elithambile kakhulu. Ukusuka ngemuva kwekhanda kuye ku-croup, uhlobo lwekama lezinwele ezinwetshiwe linwebeka, lenze umhlwenga, oliphakamisayo ekugcineni uma kunengozi, ngenxa yokuthi libukeka likhudlwana futhi linamandla amakhulu. Izinwele ezisemsileni zide impela, yize zifushane ngaphezudlwana kunasemahlombe esilwane, lapho ubude bemane buphezulu khona.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinwele ezakha umhlwenga wempisi yobumba zibhekwa njengezinde kunazo zonke ezincelisayo ezidlayo: ngemuva kwekhanda, ubude bazo bufinyelela ku-7 cm, futhi emahlombe - cishe ama-20.
Umbala oyinhloko ungaba yisihlabathi noma ubomvu, kuyilapho emphinjeni nasengxenyeni engezansi yomzimba, uboya buhle - umthunzi ofudumele, ompunga nomhlophe-onesihlabathi. Kunemivimbo emnyama ehlukile, echazwe kahle ngokumelene nesizinda esikhulu. Imvamisa azikho eziningi zazo: ezintathu ezinqamulelayo nezimpawu ezide ze-longitudinal ezinhlangothini zesilwane. Kunemivimbo engaphezulu yezidladla, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi kwendololwana kanye nasemalungeni amadolo, ahlangana abe amabala amnyama aqinile, abonakale enza ukufana kwamabhuzu agqokwe esilwaneni.
Emsileni, umbala uhlukile: imivimbo ibukeka ifiphele kakhulu, yingakho izinhlaka zazo zingacaci kahle. Iphuzu lomsila limnyama ngokuphelele. Entanyeni yesilo, yize kungenjalo, kunemivimbo namabala amnyama. Ekhanda lempisi yobumba, izinwele zimfushane: azidluli u-1.5 cm futhi zincane, umbala wazo mpunga. Esifubeni kunomnyama ngendlela yesifihla-buso nezibuko, ezingaba ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene babantu abahlukahlukene bale nhlobo.
Ezidladleni zangaphambili, izinzwani ezi-5 zaphihlizwa, kwizidladla zangemuva - ngasinye sine-4.Izipikili ziqine ngokwanele, umbala wazo umnyama. Lapho sihamba, isilwane sihlala ikakhulu kuzipho nakuminwe yaso. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye, i-aardwolf inezicubu ezinamandla ezihlafunayo ezinemihlathi eqinile ngokungenakulinganiswa nolimi olubanzi lapho isilwane siqoqa khona izinambuzane. Amathe ahlukile ezilwaneni eziningi ezidlayo: ayinamatheli, njengezinye izilwane ezidla umuhlwa noma izintuthwane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Imvamisa, impisi yobumba izama ukuhlala yodwa noma ngebhangqa nomlingani okhethwe nguye unomphela. Lezi zilwane nazo kwesinye isikhathi zingahlangana ngamaqembu amancane, kepha lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinsikazi eziningana zikhulisa izingane emgodini owodwa, zakha uhlobo lwe "nursery". Ubude beziza ezivikeleni bungaba ukusuka ekhilomitha elilodwa kuya kwesine, futhi, kulezi zindawo, kunezindunduma eziningi zomuhlwa.
Izimpisi zomhlaba ziqapha ngokucophelela izinto zazo ekuhlaselweni kwabantu ezingabazi, lapho zimaka imingcele yazo ngamamaki anephunga, ngaphezu kwalokho, zikwenza njengabesifazane, kukhona abesilisa. Lesi silwane sihamba ebusuku: imvamisa siyaphuma siyofuna ukudla engxenyeni yehora noma ihora ngemuva kokushona kwelanga bese siqeda ukuzingela ihora elilodwa noma amabili ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa. Kepha ebusika, ingashintshela kwindlela yokuphila yasemini: kulokhu, i-prothel iyaphuma iyofuna ukudla ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Imvamisa, ngosuku, impisi yobumba ihamba kusuka ku-8 iye ku-12 km ehlobo nasuka ku-3 kuye ku-8 km ebusika.
Ngesikhathi sasemini, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi eshisayo, uncamela ukuchitha isikhathi ezindlini zokukhosela, okungenzeka azimbe yena noma angene emigodini eshiywe yizinkukhu noma izingungumbane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impisi yobumba ayikhawulelwanga emgodini owodwa: indawo yokuhlala engaphezu kweziyishumi ingatholakala esizeni sayo, ngasinye isilwane sithatha amasonto ayi-6-8, ngemuva kwalokho siye komunye umgodi.
I-Prothel inokuzwa okuhle nephunga.... Lezi zilwane zingakwazi ukuxhumana nama-congener zisebenzisa ukukhuluma ngezwi, ukuthinta nokubonwa. Bangakwenza futhi lokhu ngokushiya amamaki amakha kwamanye amalungu ezinhlobo zabo. Lezi yizilwane ezinokuthula: kuyaqabukela zinikeze izwi futhi, uma ziqala ukuklabalasa noma ukuzwakala, zikwenza kuphela njengokubonakaliswa kokuhlukunyezwa kwesitha.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani impisi yobumba
Isikhathi sokuphila se-aardwolf cishe iminyaka eyi-14 ekuthunjweni. Endle, lezi zilwane ziphila, ngokwesilinganiso, iminyaka eyishumi.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Kumenyezelwe kahle. Futhi umbala, nosayizi, nomthethosisekelo wabesilisa nabesifazane balolu hlobo kufana kakhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala
Impisi ihlala eMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kudala abantu ababili, omunye wabo uhlala kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Afrika, kanti omunye usenyakatho-mpumalanga yezwekazi. Laba bantu bahlukaniswe ngumngcele wemvelo owenziwe ngamahlathi ashisayo aseningizimu yeTanzania neZambia, lapho kungekho khona ama-aardwolves.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusobala, behlukaniswe isikhathi eside impela: cishe kusukela ekupheleni kwenkathi yokugcina yeqhwa, ukuze kuthi manje laba bantu sebenze izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezihlukene ezimbili, ezingahlobene ngisho nangofuzo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abanye ososayensi, ngesisekelo semininingwane engaqinisekisiwe ngomhlangano nalesi silwane, basikisela ukuthi kunabantu besithathu, abancane kakhulu bama-aardwolves, abahlala eCentral African Republic naseBurundi.
UProtele uncamela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingama-savanna, ezingwadule, futhi kutholakala ezindaweni zezolimo, emaqeleni anotshani, emathafeni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala nasemagqumeni. Ugwema izintaba nezingwadule, kanye namahlathi. Ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi indawo ehlala izinyamazane iqondana nendawo yokuhlala imihlwa yalezi zilwane ezidlayo.
Ukudla kwempisi yobumba
Ngokungafani nezimpisi ezidla izidumbu, impisi idla kakhulu umuhlwa nezinye izinambuzane, kanye nama-arachnids, okungukuthi, kungabizwa ngokuthi yisinambuzane kunokuba kudliwe inyama. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ubuye azingele izilwane ezincane nezinyoni futhi adle amaqanda ezinyoni atholakala phansi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yize kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-160 zomuhlwa ezihlala e-Afrika, eyodwa kuphela yazo eyakha isisekelo sokudla kwamaprotheni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi yimihlwa kuphela eza phezulu ebusuku ukuze iqoqe imbewu yamakhambi adla kuwo.
Ebusika, lapho lolu hlobo lomuhlwa lungasebenzi kangako, impungushe kufanele ishintshele ekudleni ezinye izinambuzane, yingakho kuze kudingeke ukuthi isuke ebusika iye endleleni yokuphila yasemini. Impisi yomhlaba ayinazipho ezinamandla, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukumba iziduli zomuhlwa... Kodwa ngosizo lolimi lwayo olude nolubanzi, olumanziswe ngamathe anamathele, lesi silwane esidla kalula kalula inqwaba yomuhlwa ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi ngobusuku obubodwa nje, angadla kuze kufike ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-200-300 zalezi zinambuzane.
I-Protelov ivame ukubonwa eduze kwesidumbu, kepha, ngokungafani nezimpisi, azidli inyama ebolile, kepha ziqoqa izibungu zamabhungane noma ezinye izinambuzane ezondla izinsalela zezinye izilwane. Ama-earthwolves avame ukugcwalisa ukulethwa kwamavithamini emzimbeni wawo ngosizo lokudla kwezitshalo, yize kunjalo, isabelo sawo ekudleni kwawo asibalulekile kangako. Kodwa uphuza okuncane kakhulu, ngoba uthola cishe lonke uketshezi aludingayo komuhlwa awondlayo. Yingakho edinga imithombo yokuphuza kuphela ngenkathi ebandayo, lapho umuhlwa ungasebenzi kangako futhi nenombolo yawo ekudleni kwempisi yomhlaba iyancipha.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Njengomthetho, izimpisi zobumba zakha ngazimbili ezihlala njalo. Kepha uma kwenzeka owesilisa okhethwe ekuqaleni evumela imbangi yakhe, akahlangani nomlingani wakhe ohlala njalo, kodwa nowesilisa owamhlula. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, emva kokuzalwa kwamawundlu, lowo awakhetha kuqala uzoqhubeka nokuwaqapha nokukhulisa. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi umlingani wesifazane alandelane nabesilisa ababili noma ngaphezulu, yingakho amawundlu avela enganeni yakhe yesikhathi esizayo engaba nobaba abehlukene.
I-techka, njengomthetho, yenzeka ehlobo, futhi uma owesifazane engakhuleliswanga ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, uyabuya azozingela. Isikhathi sokumitha ezimpisi zobumba cishe sinezinyanga ezintathu. Ku-brood, imvamisa, kunezinhlayiya ezi-2 kuye kwezi-4, ezihlala cishe inyanga emgodini lapho zazalelwa khona, ngemuva kwalokho wonke umndeni uthuthela kwenye indawo yokukhosela.
Izingane zizalwa zingenakuzisiza futhi ziyizimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Bobabili abazali bayabanakekela futhi babagade. Ekuqaleni, umama ubanikeza ubisi, kuthi kamuva, lapho bebona ukukhanya bese beqina kancane, kancane kancane ubafundisa ukubamba umuhlwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, insikazi kanye nezinkukhu zayo akuvamile ukuthi zihambe zivela emgodini ngaphezu kwengxenye yekhilomitha.
Kuze kube izinyanga ezine, insikazi yondla inzalo yayo ngobisi, yize amawundlu eseqalile ukuzitholela ukudla ngaleso sikhathi, kepha noma ngabe sekuphelile ukumuncwa, futhi amawundlu amancane asevele esefunde ukuthi angakuthola kanjani ukudla, ahlala nabazali bawo 1 unyaka ngaphambi kwe-estrus elandelayo kanina.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuhlala eqenjini lomndeni, izimpisi zobumba zisathanda ukuzingela hhayi ngalo lonke iphakethe, kodwa yilowo nalowo yedwa. Amawundlu amancane kuphela, angakakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla ngokwawo, angabonakala eduze kwesiduli somuhlwa lapho nonina abondla khona. Kepha vele kusukela eminyakeni yezinyanga ezine badla bodwa.
Izitha zemvelo
Endaweni yayo yemvelo, impisi yobumba inezitha eziningi, okuyisona esikhulu okuyizimpungushe ezinemibala emnyama, ezibulala umbhikisho wabasha nabadala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpisi ezinamabala amakhulu, izingwe, amabhubesi, izinja zasendle kanye nezinyoka ezinesihlungu nakho kuyingozi kubo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Esikhathini esedlule, ngenxa yokungazi imikhuba yokudla yama-aardwolves, lezi zilwane zazivame ukuzingelwa ngabalimi base-Afrika, ababekholelwa ukuthi i-prothel ingahlasela imfuyo nezinkukhu, kepha manje amacala anjalo aseyinsakavukela. Abomdabu nabo bayazingela lezi zilwane, kodwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene: zenyama noma uboya bazo. Njengamanje, usongo olukhulu kakhulu ezimpisini zobumba lubangelwa imishanguzo yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo yemvelo yabavikeli, ngokwesibonelo, ukulima ama-savanna omhlaba olimekayo noma wokudla kwemfuyo.
Kodwa-ke, njengamanje, ama-aardwolves athathwa njengezinhlobo ezichuma kakhulu, okusobala ukuthi azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo, yingakho abelwa isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo "Izimbangela Zokukhathazeka Okuncane". Impisi yomhlaba iyisilwane esimangalisa ngempela. Ngaphandle ifana kakhulu nempisi enamabala, njengoba, njengoba wazi, ingumthandi wesidumbu, i-prothel isungule indlela engajwayelekile yokudla komndeni we-fisi: yena, ngokungafani nezihlobo zakhe, akondli inyama, kepha ondla, futhi, ikakhulukazi, kuphela okuluhlobo olulodwa.
Okubalulekile!Ngaphandle kokuthi njengamanje lesi silwane asisongelwa ngokuqothulwa, abantu, uma befuna ukugcina lesi silwane esiyingqayizivele njengohlobo, kunengqondo manje ukuqala ukucabanga ngezinyathelo zokuvikela izilwane, ikakhulukazi ezihlose ukugcina indawo yazo yemvelo futhi, , isisekelo sokuphakelayo.
Lokhu kuyinzuzo yayo, ngoba impisi yobumba cishe ayinabo abancintisana nabo abafuna isisekelo esifanayo sokudla. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu futhi kwenza kube sengozini ikakhulukazi njengezinto eziphilayo: ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuba khona kwe-aardwolf kuvela ukuthi kuhlobene kakhulu nenhlalakahle yohlobo olulodwa lomuhlwa.
