I-manatee yisilwane esikhulu esincelisayo sasolwandle esinekhanda elimise okweqanda, amaphiko nomsila oyisicaba. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi inkomo yasolwandle. Leli gama lanikezwa isilwane ngenxa yobukhulu baso obukhulu, ukuhamba kancane nokulula ukubamba. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwegama, izinkomo zasolwandle zihlobene kakhulu nezindlovu. Yisilwane esincelisayo esikhulu futhi esibucayi esitholakala emanzini asogwini nasemifuleni yaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States, eCaribbean, empumalanga yeMexico, eMelika Ephakathi, naseNyakatho Melika Melika.
Incazelo ye-manatee
Ngokusho kwesazi semvelo sasePoland, izinkomo zasolwandle ekuqaleni zazihlala ngaseBering Island ngasekupheleni kuka-1830.... AmaManatee akholelwa ososayensi bomhlaba ukuthi bavela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezine ezinemilenze engaphezu kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-60 edlule. Ngaphandle kwama-manatee ase-Amazonia, izingcwecwe zawo ezinamakhanda anezinzipho zezinzipho eziyizinsipho, okuyizinsalela zezinzipho ababenazo ngesikhathi besaphila emhlabeni. Isihlobo sabo esiseduze kakhulu esihlala kuso yindlovu.
Kuyathakazelisa!I-manatee, eyaziwa nangokuthi inkomo yasolwandle, isilwane esikhulu sasolwandle esingaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ubude futhi singaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwethani. Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo zamanzi ahlanzekile ezihlala emanzini eduze naseFlorida (ezinye ziye zabonakala enyakatho neNorth Carolina phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele).
Zisesimweni sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothuka ngenxa yokwehla kwazo kanye nokukhohliseka ngokweqile kubantu. AmaManatee ajwayele ukudla amanetha abekwe ezansi, ngenxa yalokho afayo, futhi abhekele izindwani zama-motor angaphandle. Into ukuthi ama-manatees ahamba ngezansi, adla ulwelwe olungaphansi. Okwamanje, ahlangana kahle nezwe, yingakho kungabonakali, futhi anezindlebe ezingekho esimweni esiphansi, okwenza kube nzima ukuzivikela esikebheni esisondelayo.
Ukubukeka
Usayizi we-manatees usukela kumamitha ayi-2.4 kuye kwayi-4. Isisindo somzimba sisuka ku-200 kuye ku-600 kilogram. Banemisila emikhulu, eqinile ebamba iqhaza elibonakalayo enqubeni yokubhukuda. Ama-Manatee ajwayele ukubhukuda ngejubane elilinganiselwa ku-8 km / h, kepha uma kunesidingo, angakwazi ukusheshisa afike kuma-24 km / h. Amehlo esilwane mancane, kepha iso lihle. Banolwelwesi olukhethekile olusebenza njengesivikelo esikhethekile somfundi kanye ne-iris. Ukuzwa kwabo kuhle futhi, yize kunesakhiwo sangaphandle sendlebe.
Amazinyo angama-manatee abizwa ngokuthi ama-molars ahambayo. Kuyo yonke impilo, zihlala zishintshwa - zibuyekezwa. Amazinyo amasha akhula ngemuva, adudule amadala aye phambili kulo dentition. Ngakho-ke imvelo ihlinzekele ukujwayela ekudleni okuqukethe uhlaza olunolaka. AmaManatee, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, anama-vertebrae ayisithupha omlomo wesibeletho. Ngenxa yalokhu, abakwazi ukuhambisa ikhanda labo ngokuhlukile emzimbeni, kepha bavule wonke umzimba wabo.
I-algae, i-photosynthetic organisms, ivame ukuvela esikhunjeni sama-manatee. Yize lezi zilwane zingahlali ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-12, azichithi isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini. AmaManatee akudingeki aphefumule umoya njalo. Lapho zibhukuda, zinamathela ichopho lamakhala azo ngaphezu kobuso bamanzi ukuphefumula okumbalwa njalo ngemizuzu embalwa. Ekuphumuleni, ama-manatee angahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi kuze kube imizuzu eyi-15.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
AmaManatee abhukuda yedwa noma ngababili. Akuzona izilwane zendawo, ngakho-ke abanasidingo sobuholi noma abalandeli. Uma izinkomo zasolwandle zihlangana ngamaqembu - cishe, isikhathi sokukhwelana sesifikile, noma zahlanganiswa icala endaweni eyodwa lifudunyezwe yilanga ngokudla okuningi. Iqembu lama-manatee libizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganiswa. Ukuhlanganiswa, njengomthetho, akukhuli ngaphezu kobuso obuyisithupha.
Kuyathakazelisa!Bafudukela emanzini afudumele ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu sonyaka ngoba abakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa amanzi angaphansi kuka-17 degrees Celsius futhi bakhetha amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-22 degrees.
AmaManatee anokuhamba kancane komzimba, ngakho-ke amanzi abandayo angamunca ukushisa kwawo ngokweqile, kwenze kube nzima kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ukufudumala. Izidalwa zomkhuba, zivame ukuhlangana emithonjeni yemvelo, eduze nezindawo eziphehla ugesi, emiseleni nasemachibini lapho kubanda, bese zibuyela ezindaweni ezifanayo minyaka yonke.
Ahlala isikhathi esingakanani?
Eminyakeni emihlanu, i-manatee esencane izobe isivuthiwe ngokocansi futhi ikulungele ukuthola inzalo yayo. Izinkomo zasolwandle zivame ukuhlala cishe iminyaka engama-40.... Kepha kukhona nama-livers abelwe ukuhlala kulo mhlaba kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Izinsikazi nezinduna zinokuhluka okumbalwa kakhulu. Zihluke ngosayizi kuphela, owesifazane mkhulu kancane kunowesilisa.
Izinhlobo zama-manatees
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinkomo zasolwandle zama-manatee. Lawa angama-manatee ase-Amazonia, ama-West Indian noma ama-American and manatee ase-Afrika. Amagama abo akhombisa izifunda abahlala kuzo. Amagama okuqala azwakala njengoTrichechus inunguis, Trichechus manatus, Trichechus senegalensis.
Indawo yokuhlala
Imvamisa, ama-manatee ahlala ezilwandle, emifuleni nasolwandle ngasogwini lwamazwe amaningana. I-manatee yase-Afrika ihlala ngasogwini nasemifuleni yaseNtshonalanga Afrika. Ama-Amazonia ahlala emseleni woMfula i-Amazon.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kungamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyisi-7, ngokusho kwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN.) Ngokusho kwe-IUCN, i-manatee yase-West Indian ihlala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu nasempumalanga ye-United States, yize, njengoba wazi, kunabantu abaningi abalahlekile abafikile eBahamas.
Ukudla kwamaManatee
AmaManatee ayizilwane ezidla inyama kuphela. Olwandle, zikhetha utshani basolwandle. Lapho zihlala emifuleni, zijabulela izimila zamanzi angenasawoti. Zibuye zidle ulwelwe. Ngokwe-National Geographic, isilwane esikhulile singadla okweshumi kwesisindo saso emahoreni angama-24. Ngokwesilinganiso, lokhu kufinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-60 okudla.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, inkomazi yensikazi, evame ukubizwa ngenkomo "ngabantu", izolandelwa yishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu abesilisa, ababizwa ngezinkunzi. Iqembu lezinkunzi libizwa ngokuthi umhlambi wokukhwelana. Kodwa-ke, lapho nje owesilisa evundisa owesifazane, uyayeka ukubamba iqhaza kulokho okwenzekayo ngokulandelayo. Ukukhulelwa kwale nsikazi insikazi kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-12. Kuzalwa izinyane, noma usana ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi amawele ayivelakancane ngokweqile. Umama usiza "inkonyane" elisanda kuzalwa ukuba lifike ebusweni bamanzi ukuze likwazi ukuphefumula umoya. Bese kuthi, ngehora lokuqala lokuphila, ingane ikwazi ukubhukuda yodwa.
AmaManatee akuzona izilwane zothando; azenzi izibopho ezibhanqiwe ezihlala njalo njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, insikazi eyodwa izolandelwa yiqembu labayishumi nambili noma ngaphezulu, bakha umhlambi wokukhwelana. Kubonakala sengathi zizala ngokungakhethi ngalesi sikhathi. Kodwa-ke, isipiliyoni seminyaka yamanye amaduna emhlambini mhlawumbe sidlala indima ekuzaleni impumelelo. Yize ukuzala nokubeletha kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, ososayensi baphawula umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu womsebenzi entwasahlobo nasehlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Imvamisa yokuzala kuma-manatee iphansi. Iminyaka yokuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane nabesilisa cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Ngokwesilinganiso, "ithole" elilodwa lizalwa njalo eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemihlanu, futhi amawele ayivelakancane. Izikhathi zokuzalwa zisukela eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemihlanu. Isikhathi seminyaka emibili singenzeka lapho umama elahlekelwa yinduna ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.
Abesilisa abanawo umthwalo wokukhulisa ingane. Omama bondla izingane zabo unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili, ngakho-ke bahlala bencike ngokuphelele kunina ngalesi sikhathi. Izinsana zidla ngaphansi kwamanzi kusuka ezingonweni ezitholakala ngemuva kwamaphiko abesifazane. Baqala ukondla izitshalo emavikini ambalwa nje emva kokuzalwa. Amathole ama-manatee asanda kuzalwa ayakwazi ukubhukuda phezulu yedwa futhi aze azwakale noma ngemuva nje kokuzalwa.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukungenelela komuntu kuhlobene ngqo nokufa kwamanatee, kanye nezilwane ezidlayo nezimo zemvelo. Ngoba zihamba kancane futhi zivame ukutholakala emanzini asogwini, izikebhe zemikhumbi neziphephela kungazishaya, kubangele ukulimala nokufa okuhlukahlukene. Imigqa, amanetha nezingwegwe ezibhajwe ulwelwe notshani nakho kuyingozi.
Izilwane ezidla ezinye eziyingozi kuma-manatee amancane yizingwenya, oshaka nezingwenya. Izimo zemvelo eziholela ekufeni kwezilwane zifaka ukucindezelwa okubandayo, inyumoniya, ukubomvu okubomvu nokugula kwamathumbu. AmaManatee ayizinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa: akuvunyelwe ukuzizingela, noma yikuphi "ukuthambekela" kule ndlela kujeziswa ngokuqinile ngumthetho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Uhlu Olubomvu lwe-IUCN lwezinhlobo ezisengozini lubala wonke ama-manatee njengasengozini noma asengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa. Isibalo salezi zilwane kulindeleke ukuthi sehle ngamanye ama-30% eminyakeni engama-20 ezayo. Imininingwane kunzima kakhulu ukuyiphenya, ikakhulukazi ngamanani ama-manatee ase-Amazonia ayimfihlo ngokwemvelo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ama-manatee alinganiselwa ku-10 000 kufanele abhekwe ngokuqapha njengoba inani lemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe esekelwayo lincane kakhulu. Ngezizathu ezifanayo, inani eliqondile lama-manatee ase-Afrika alaziwa. Kepha ukulinganisela kwe-IUCN kukhona okungaphansi kuka-10,000 kubo eNtshonalanga Afrika.
Ama-manatee aseFlorida, kanye nabamele i-Antilles, babalwa kuRed Book emuva ngonyaka we-1967 nowe-1970. Ngokunjalo, inani labantu abavuthiwe belingadluli kuma-2500 nge-subspecies ngayinye. Ezizukulwaneni ezimbili ezizayo, cishe eminyakeni engama-40, inani labantu lehle ngomunye u-20%. Kusukela ngoMashi 31, 2017, ama-manatee aseNtshonalanga yamaNdiya ehlisiwe kusukela ekusengozini kuya kwezisengozini nje. Kokubili ukuthuthuka okujwayelekile kwekhwalithi yendawo yemvelo yama-manatee nokwanda kwesilinganiso sokukhiqiza kabusha kwabantu kuholele ekwehleni kwengozi yokuqothulwa.
Ngokusho kwe-FWS, ama-manatee angama-6 620 eFlorida nama-Antilles angama-6 300 njengamanje ahlala endle. Umhlaba namuhla uyibona ngokugcwele inqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe ekugcineni inani lezinkomo zasolwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa abakalulami ngokugcwele ebunzimeni bempilo futhi babhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Esinye sezizathu zalokhu ukukhiqiza kancane kakhulu kwama-manatee - imvamisa umehluko phakathi kwezizukulwane cishe uneminyaka engama-20. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadobi abadobela ukunqamula i-Amazon neNtshonalanga Afrika baba usongo olukhulu kulezi zilwane ezincelisayo ezihamba kancane. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nakho kuyaphazamisa. Ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokuthuthuka kogu kudlala indima embi.
