I-raccoon enemigqa, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-American raccoon (iProcyon lotor), iyisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama sohlanga lweRaccoon kanye nomndeni wakwaRaccoon. Isilwane sikwazi ukukhula lapho umthelela we-anthropogenic ukwanda, okuvezwa kulinywa kancane kancane kepha okuzinzile komhlaba.
Incazelo ye-raccoon enemigqa
Ama-raccoon anemigqa alingana nekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya... Isilwane esikhulile sinobude bomzimba obungu-45-60 cm, nobude bomsila obungeqi ngaphezu kwekota yemitha kanye nesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-5-9 kg. Izidladla ezimfushane zithuthuke kakhulu futhi zakheke kahle izinzwane, ngakho-ke imivimbo yama-raccoon amathrekhi afana kakhulu nokuphrinta kwesundu lomuntu. I-raccoon iyakwazi ukubamba futhi iphephe ngokuphepha izinto ezahlukahlukene ngemilenze yayo yangaphambili, kanye nokugeza ukudla. Uboya besilwane esidla izilwane esincelisayo bukhulu, bunsundu ngokumpunga ngombala.
Ukubukeka
Umzimba we-raccoon omdala ugcwele, unezitho zomzimba ezimfushane nomsila omthende kakhulu. Esifubeni sabamele uhlobo lweRaccoons kanye nomndeni wamaRaccoons kukhona ukufana kwesifihla esimnyama esinokugoba okumhlophe, kanye nomugqa omnyama osuka endaweni engaphambili uye ekhaleni. Kukhona indawo emnyama phakathi kwamehlo, futhi amasongo amnyama azungeza umsila wesilwane esidlayo. Izindlebe zinomumo okhombe okwehlukile.
Ama-Raccoon ahlukaniswa yimilenze ehlelwe ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu. Isilwane sihamba ngemilenze emine, kanti ngaphambili kuhlelwe ukuze isilwane singagcini nje ngokubamba izinto noma ukugeza ukudla, kodwa futhi nokugeza kalula nazo. Ama-Raccoon adla ehleli ngemilenze yawo yangemuva futhi aphethe ukudla emilenzeni yabo yangaphambili. Ngenxa yeminwe emide futhi emide ngokwanele, izilwane ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla kalula ngisho nasemanzini anodaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukushiwo kokuqala kwalezi zilwane ezidlayo kungatholakala ngisho nakuChristopher Columbus, futhi kusukela ngalezo zikhathi ezikude kube nezingxoxo ezisebenzayo zososayensi mayelana nokuba ngesilwane esincelisayo kohlobo oluthile.
Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, ama-raccoon athembela kuphela eminweni, futhi ukugcizelelwa konyawo lonke kwenzeka kuphela lapho lesi silwane esincelisayo sisima endaweni eyodwa. Izinyawo ze-raccoon zihlelwe ngendlela eyinqayizivele futhi ziyakwazi ukuguqula ngisho i-180mayelana... Kungenxa yalesi sici ukuthi isilwane sasendle singakhuphuka izihlahla ziye endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, futhi siyazi nokuthi sehla kanjani esitshalweni sibheke phansi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Wonke ama-raccoon anemigqa ayizilwane ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke lezi zilwane zasendle ikakhulu zihamba ebusuku. Emini, isilwane esincelisayo sasendle sikhetha ukucasha ngaphakathi komgodi osizayo noma kunoma iyiphi enye indawo yokuhlala, futhi lapho kuqala ukuhwalala iyaphuma iyozingela. Ummeleli ngamunye wohlanga lweRaccoon kanye nomndeni weRaccoon ubonakala ngokuba khona kwendawo yakhe, ububanzi bayo, njengomthetho, abudluli ikhilomitha elilodwa nohhafu noma amabili. Eduze kwale ndawo, isilwane sizihlomela izindawo zokukhosela ezinokwethenjelwa ngasikhathi sinye, ezingakaze zihlalwe ngabanye abamele lolu hlobo.
Kwesinye isikhathi kuba khona ukuhlangana kwempahla yomngcele yabameleli abahlukahlukene bohlobo, okungadala uhlobo lokuncintisana phakathi kwezilwane ukuze zikwazi "ukulawula" indawo ephikisanayo. Ngokuqala kobusika, i-raccoon enemigqa, ehlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, ingena ebusika bokufihlwa, okuwumehluko phakathi kwalesi sidlakela kwamanye amalungu omndeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uma indawo yokukhosela elungiselelwe i-raccoon enemigqa ebusika inkulu kakhulu, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo esibonakalayo, abantu abadala abafinyelela kwabayishumi bangangena ngaphakathi ngasikhathi sinye.
Isikhathi esiphelele sokulala ubusika obumthende izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu, kepha ubuthongo besilwane ngokwaso abujule ngokwanele, ngakho-ke, zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi azihli, nezinkomba zokushisa komzimba zihlala ezingeni elifanayo. Ngezinsuku ezifudumele, lesi silwane esidla inyama siyakwazi ukushiya indawo yaso yokukhosela amahora amaningana ukuze senze uhambo olufushane. Ngokuqala kobusika, ama-raccoon awasebenzi kakhulu.
Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani i-raccoon enemigqa?
Njengomthetho, ama-raccoon anemigqa ahlala ezimweni zemvelo isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu, kepha ngokuya ngemithetho yokugcinwa kwekhaya, isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane ezinjalo ekuthunjweni cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ku-raccoon emthende, i-dimorphism yezocansi ayiphinyiselwa, kepha kwamanye ama-subspecies isabonakala, ngakho-ke, abesifazane abadala bakhudlwana kancane kunabesilisa.
Izinhlobo ze-raccoon ezimthende
Njengamanje, kukhona ama-subspecies angamashumi amabili nambili we-raccoon emthende (Prosyon lotor), kufaka phakathi abamele abaningana bendawo yeziqhingi. Namuhla esinye salezi zindawo asisekho. Ama-subspecies ajwayelekile kakhulu yi-Tresmarian raccoon ne-Bahamas raccoon. I-Tresmarias raccoon (iProcyon lotor insularis). Isidalwa esincelisayo sinobude bomzimba ngomsila osukela ku-85-90 cm.
Ijazi labamele i-subspecies selishonile futhi lifushane. Indawo yesisu yesilwane imbozwe ngoboya obunsundu ngengubo yangaphansi elula. Isici esivelele yikhakhayi le-angular. I-raccoon yaseBahamian (iProcyon lotor maynardi). Isilwane esincelisayo esidlayo esinokubukeka kungehlukeki kakhulu kuma-subspecies ezwekazi le-raccoon enemigqa. Isilwane sincane, okuyisibonelo esigqamile sohlobo oluthile lokufiphala okungafani.
Kuyathakazelisa! Uboya obuthuthukiswe kahle nesikhumba esinyene kakhulu buhlinzeka isilwane ngokuvikelwa okugcwele ekulunyweni izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene zasendle.
Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba nekhanda singu-41.5-60.0 cm ngobude bomsila obungeqile ku-20.0-40.5 cm.Owesilisa omdala uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesifazane. Umbala wesikhumba mpunga, ne-ocher tint encane entanyeni naphambi komzimba. Kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abacishe babe mnyama ngokuphelele. Emsileni wesilo, kunamasongo anemibala emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-raccoon emthende ingeyesigaba sabakhileyo bomdabu endaweni yaseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi. Kwakunalezi zindawo lapho isilwane silethwe endaweni yaseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ze-raccoon zijwayeleke kahle emazweni ahlukahlukene amelwe yi-Azerbaijan, Belarus, Germany neFrance, kanye neNetherlands. Kwezinye izindawo zaseRussia kuyenzeka futhi ukuhlangabezana nama-raccoon, kepha imvamisa isilwane esincelisayo siyabonakala eMpumalanga Ekude..
Abamele bezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane bakhetha ukuhlala ngqo emahlathini ahlukanisiwe noma ahlanganisiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezisicaba noma ezindaweni eziphansi. Eduze kwendawo yokuhlala, kuhlala kunechibi, okungaba ngumfudlana, ixhaphozi noma ichibi, kanye nomfula. Ama-raccoon anemigqa ahlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu ayakwazi ukuhlomisa amakhaya awo ngqo ogwini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zaseNyakatho Melika, abalimi abaningi baphoqeleka ukuba balwe izimpi zangempela ngama-raccoon, ngoba izilwane zasendle zivame ukwenza izifiso zokufuna izinsimu zezithelo noma izindlu zezinkukhu ezizimele.
Isilwane esidla inyama sasendle asibesabi neze abantu, ngakho-ke singakwazi ukuhlala ngisho ebangeni elifushane kakhulu ukusuka emadolobheni noma ezindaweni ezihlala emzaneni. Futhi, ama-raccoon ajwayelekile anemigqa atholakala emapaki amakhulu nasezikweleni, ekutshaleni emaphethelweni nasezingadini zezitshalo.
Ukudla kwe-Gargle raccoon
Ukucinga okuyinhloko kokuzingelwa kwama-raccoon anemigqa kuvame ukugxila emithonjeni yemvelo yamanzi. Abamele uhlobo lwe-Raccoons kanye nezindlela zomndeni weRaccoon zokudoba, kanye nama-arthropods namaxoxo, ezinye izinhlobo zofudu basemanzini. Njengoba yehlise unyawo lwayo emanzini, i-raccoon icishe ivele ihlwithe kuyo inhlanzi noma ixoxo elibhukuda. Futhi ama-raccoons amane athande ama-hamsters namaqanda wofudu, amagundane e-musk nama-muskrats. Ngenkathi yokuzingela ezindaweni zamahlathi, lesi silwane sithanda ukusebenzisa izinambuzane, izibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, imisundu, izithelo namajikijolo, amantongomane namaqanda ezinyoni ukuze kudliwe.
Kwezinye izifunda, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukudala umonakalo, okwenza ama-forays ajwayelekile futhi asebenze kakhulu ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona izinkukhu esikhungweni sezimboni kanye nezikhukhu ezizimele zezinkukhu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukubona kwama-raccoon anemigqa kukhule kahle ngokwedlulele, okusiza izilwane ezinjalo ezizingelayo ukuthi zibone ngokuphelele nasebumnyameni. Ukuzwa esilwaneni esinjalo akwenzi kubi kakhulu kunombono, okuvumela i-raccoon enemigqa ukuthi ibekwe njengesilwane esihle kakhulu.
Ama-raccoon, ngokuba yizilwane ezivamile, akunankinga ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi adle onogwaja, kanye nezingwejeje neminenke. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okujwayelekile kwamalungu ohlobo lweRaccoons kanye nomndeni wakwaRaccoon kufaka nezinhlobonhlobo zamajikijolo, kufaka phakathi ama-cherry, ama-gooseberries namagilebhisi, imifino nezinhlamvu nokunye ukudla kwezitshalo. Phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo nasekwindla, i-raccoon izama ukukhiqiza inani elikhulu lamafutha, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isilwane siphumule kahle ngesikhathi saso sokuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ezingxenyeni zezifunda ezisenyakatho, inkathi yokuzalanisa i-raccoon enemigqa iwa kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi, futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukuzala unyaka wonke. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bakhwelana nabesifazane abaningana. Noma kunjalo, owesifazane omdala unokhetho olulodwa kuphela, oluzomshiya ngokushesha, angabambi iqhaza enkambisweni yokukhulisa inzalo yakhe.
Amawundlu ama-Raccoon azalwa cishe emavikini ayishumi ngaphakathi komgodi othokomele nolungiswe ngaphambilini... Kudoti, kusuka koyedwa kuya kwezisikhombisa ezingenazinyo nezimpumputhe kuvame ukuzalwa, zimbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane nezikhanyayo ezinsundu. Imivimbo emhlophe nokumnyama ekhanda nasendaweni yomsila ivela kuphela emva kosuku lweshumi lokuphila. Amehlo ezingane avuleka ngemuva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho kugcinwa ekuthunjweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhumbula ukuthi abesilisa bezinhlanga ezimthende zanoma iyiphi i-subspecies banesithembu, ngakho-ke bahlangana nabesifazane abaningana ngasikhathi sinye, futhi abesifazane bangabesigaba sezilwane ezinomfazi oyedwa, ngakho-ke bahlangana nowesilisa oyedwa.
Owesifazane wondla inzalo yakhe ngobisi izinyanga ezintathu, kanti abantu abanezinyanga ezinhlanu ubudala sebekwazi ukuzimela ngokuphelele. Esikhathini esiningi, lonke leli brood lihlala nonina kuze kuqale ubusika, kepha abanye abantu abasha bayakwazi ukuhlala nabesifazane kuze kufike isikhathi esilandelayo sokuzala. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abanye besifazane abasebasha baba omama asebevele benonyaka owodwa, futhi abesilisa baqala ukuzala kamuva kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo
Ama-raccoon weminyaka ehlukene avame ukusongelwa izimpisi nama-coyotes, amabhere nama-lynx, kanye nama-alligator nezinye izidalwa ezinamaphiko, kufaka phakathi izikhova. Abantu abancane kunabo bonke bavame ukuzingelwa izinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu nezinyoni ezidlayo. Ku-Ciscaucasia, inani eliphelele lama-raccoon lilawulwa kahle kakhulu yimpungushe ejwayelekile.
Umthombo wesibili oholela ekufeni kwabamele uhlobo lweRaccoons kanye nomndeni wamaRaccoons yizifo eziyingozi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi isifo samarabi nesifo se-canine. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu kanye nasenkabeni ye-Atlantic yaseMelika, abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni eziningana babulawa yizifo ezinzima noma ezibulalayo minyaka yonke.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ensimini yamanye amazwe lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-sport raccoon ukuzingela kuthandwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, kudutshulwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili phakathi nonyaka.
Ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, izinja ezinkulu zibhekwa njengezitha ezingenakulinganiswa kuzo zonke ama-raccoon. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nesilwane esisodwa esidala nesinamandla anele singasichitha isitha esinjalo, futhi isikhali esikhulu sikarkhono ngamazinyo aqinile nezinzipho ezithuthukile. Yize kunezinhlobonhlobo zezingozi, ama-raccoon njengamanje aphatha ukugcina usayizi wabantu ozinzile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Kusukela ngo-1996, ama-raccoon aseTresmarian asongelwa ngokuqothulwa, futhi endle, inani labantu abadala lihlala lincane. Umzingeli onjalo bekuyindaba yokuzingelwa okusebenzayo kwabahlali besiqhingi, futhi ukungabikho kwezenzo ezihlose ukuvikela lolu hlobo kanye nohla oluncane, inani lama-raccoon aseTresmarian, okungenzeka kakhulu, alisoze landa kakhulu.
Ama-subspecies ase-Bahamian raccoon ahlukaniswa njengengcuphe yi-IUCN ngenxa yenani elincane labantu abadala. Lesi simo sivele ngenxa yokwehliswa okusebenzayo kwezindawo zemvelo zabamele imiphakathi, kanye nokuntuleka kwezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezihlose ukugcina inani eliphelele.
