Kukhona, ngokusho kokulinganisela, izinhlobo zezinja ezingama-400 emhlabeni. Inja ngayinye ehlanzekile ibhaliswe kumarejista ezinhlangano ezihola phambili ze-cynological. Uma inani labantu bohlobo oluthile olunikiwe lingabalulekile, uhlobo lolo lubhekwa njengokungajwayelekile. Amagama ezinhlobo zezinja ezingandile thatha ikhasi elingaphezu kwelilodwa.
Izinhlobo ezihlonishwayo, esezikhona kudala ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene zilahlekelwa abazithandayo, ziyeke ukuba nentshisekelo kubathandi bezinja. Ngenxa yalokhu, ziyaqabukela. Ezinye izinhlobo zabomdabu zigxile empilweni ezimweni ezithile, ngencazelo azikwazi ukuthandwa. Izinhlobo ezisanda kubhaliswa nazo azivamile ngenxa yesibalo esincane semfuyo ehlanzekile.
Xoloitzcuintle noma Xolo
Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengendawo yombuso eMexico. Igama, elingaxakile kangako kunenja uqobo lwayo, livela olimini lwamaNdiya aseMexico, avame ukubizwa ngokuhlukile: sholoitzcuintli noma sholo. Ngolimi lwesiNahuatl, igama lenja lembula imvelaphi yaphezulu yesilwane: "inja kankulunkulu uXolotl."
Inja yaseMexico engenazinwele (leli elinye igama layo) ithathwa njengohlobo lwasendulo kakhulu. Izidumbu zabo ezigqunyiwe zitholakala emathuneni amaMaya, ama-Aztec, amaZapotec. Ukungcwatshwa, imidwebo nezibalo zezinja ezingenaboya zineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-3500 ubudala. Izindinganiso zokuqeqesha izinja zichaza osayizi bezinja abathathu:
- enkulu, ukuphakama ukusuka phansi kuya kubuna 60 cm;
- okulingene, ukuphakama okufika ku-45 cm;
- encane, ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-35 cm.
UXolo uyinja ezacile, engenaboya. Kuzici zayo, umuntu angahlukanisa amehlo amise okwe-alimondi, agingqika kancane; izindlebe ezinkulu a la "bat"; intamo ende. Ukungabi nezinwele akulona uphawu oluphelele. Udoti owodwa ungaqukatha imidlwane engenaboya futhi enoboya. IXolo embozwe ngoboya kukholakala ukuthi iyinhlobo yokuqala yezinja iXoloitzcuintle.
IBedlington Terrier
Izinja ezincane zazalelwa eBrithani. Ukukhula kuyaqabukela kweqa ama-42 cm, isisindo - 9.5 kg. Izinhlobo zazuza igama lazo edolobhaneni lezimayini laseNgilandi iBedlington. Imilenze yezinja zanamuhla izifundele imisebenzi ehlukene. Babamba amagundane, babamba iqhaza emincintiswaneni yezinja, bazingela futhi basebenza njengabangane.
Ngenxa yamadlozi asebenzayo, umphumela uyinja eguquguqukayo ene-psyche ezinzile, umlingiswa ongenalo ulaka. Ukubukeka kwenja kungavamile. Ubukeka njengewundlu elincane, elincane, iwundlu. Inhloko yenja injenge-pear, azikho izinguquko ezingazelelwe. Izindlebe zinobukhulu obumaphakathi, ziyalengiswa. Ijazi likhulu futhi lithambile. Kulezi zinsuku, ama-Bedlingtons asebenza njengabalingani kuphela.
Inja yezimvu yaseBergam
Lolu hlobo lunegama lesibili - iBergamasco. Uhlobo kanye negama lalo kwavela ezintabeni zase-Italy, ngaseBergamo. Kulezi zindawo, izinja zazidla izimvu. Ucwaningo lwesimanje lwezakhi zofuzo lukhombisile ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zokufuya zaseYurophu, kufaka phakathi i-German Shepherd, zivela eBergamasco.
IBergamasco iyinja ekwalusayo enamakhanda amakhulu, enemisipha futhi enamandla. Abesilisa bavame ukufika kuma-62 cm lapho bebuna, bathole isisindo esifinyelela kuma-37 kg. Ama-bitches aphansi kancane futhi alula. Izilwane zimbozwe izinwele ezinde eziqoqene kumata abasicaba. Izinja zalolu hlobo azikashintshi ubizo lwazo. Bahlala bengabelusi abaqinile, abangathobekile. Impilo phakathi kwamakhabethe nosofa, bebebonakala bengashintshiwe ngokuphelele.
Izinja ezincane zaseBelgium
Amathathu kakhulu izinhlobo ezingavamile zezinja ezincane ICynological Association FCI ibumbene esigabeni esisodwa. Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo mncane - umbala nekhwalithi yoboya. Zivame ukubhekwa njengezinguqulo ezintathu zohlobo olufanayo.
- IBrussels Griffon igcwele izinwele ezijiyile, eziphakathi nendawo zamathoni abomvu.
- IBelgian Griffon iyinhlobonhlobo enezinwele. Umbala ojwayelekile umnyama.
- IPetit Brabançon imbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane, ezimnyama nezibomvu.
Izinja ezincane zaseBelgium azide ngaphezu kuka-30 cm futhi azinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-6 kg (isisindo esijwayelekile cishe siyi-3 kg). Ngekhulu le-19, amakhabishi aseBrussels ayegcina lezi zinja ezitebeleni esikhundleni samakati. Manje izilwane, ezinikezwe imisebenzi yokuhlobisa kuphela, ziyinkampani yabantu abanesizungu, zihlala emindenini emikhulu nencane.
I-Basset griffon vendee
Uhlobo lwenja olungajwayelekile oluvela esifundeni saseFrance iVendee. Izakhamizi zasendaweni bezisebenzisela ukuzingela, ukuvikela amakhaya abo, ukufuya izinkomo. Izinhlangano zama-Cynological zihlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane.
- i-basset griffon encane,
- i-basset griffon enkulu.
Umehluko omkhulu isisindo nosayizi. I-basset griffin encane ikhula ize ifike kumasentimitha angama-38. Inkulu idlula yona ngama-20%. Zombili lezi zinja zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu. Bangasilwela ngokungakhathali isilo. Izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle kanye nezidleke zaba yizindebe zazo.
Izinja zinomoya ophilayo, onobungane, ngakho-ke zifeza ngokuphelele indima yabangane. Ukuphela kwento, ama-basset griffins adinga ukuhamba okude, okuvamile. Akulula kulezi zinsuku izinhlobo zezinja ezingavamile, basongelwa ngokukhohlwa ngokuphelele.
I-Dandy dinmont terrier
Uhlobo olungajwayelekile kakhulu, ingxenye yesigaba esincane se-terrier. Iqanjwe ngomunye wabalingiswa kule noveli kaWalter Scott. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uScotsman omkhulu emsebenzini "Guy Mannering, noma Astrologer" ngaphansi kwegama uDandy Dinmont wakhipha umbhali wohlobo, uJames Davidson.
Ngaphezu kwegama elingajwayelekile, izinja zalolu hlobo zinokubukeka okungajwayelekile kwamaScotland Terriers: umzimba omude, imilenze emifushane nezindlebe ezincane, kepha ezilengayo. Isisindo salezi terriers asidluli ku-8-10 kg, ukuphakama kokubuna kuyaqabukela kufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-25. Ngenxa yobungani babo nesimo sabo sokwenama, lezi zingqimba ze-atypical ziyaziswa njengabangane. Intshisekelo yokuzingela yinto yesikhathi esedlule.
UKarelian Bear Laika
Kukholakala ukuthi izinja ezaba yisisekelo salolu hlobo zitholakale eKarelia esikhathini sangaphambi komlando. Ekhulwini lama-XX, lolu hlobo lwaqala ukwakha ngenhloso. Izimpi zekhulu leminyaka elidlule zicishe zonakalisa lolu hlobo. Ngenhlanhla, sikwazile ukuvuselela i-husky husky.
Izinja ziyakhiwa futhi ziwenza ngempumelelo umsebenzi wokuzingela wokuluma izilwane ezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo. Uhlobo luphakathi nendawo, aludluli ku-60 cm, alusindi ngaphezu kuka-23 kg. Izinja azithobeki kakhulu, zingamelana nesikhathi sezulu esibandayo isikhathi eside, ziqinile kakhulu. Umlingiswa ufana nemvelo yasenyakatho - enzima.
ICatalburun
Le Inja ekhomba ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Turkish Pointer. Kunesici esimangazayo ekubukekeni kwenja. Ikhala lakhe libonakala lisongwe ngohafu amabili. Akumangalisi ukuthi igama lenja lihumusha ngokuthi "impumulo yemfoloko". Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungukungasebenzi kahle kwezakhi zofuzo okubangelwa ukuzalanisa okusondelene kakhulu.
Ama-Catalburuns yizinja ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nezinwele ezimfishane. Abantu abakhulu bangakhula bafike kuma-63 cm futhi babe nesisindo esingama-34 kg. Babhekwa kakhulu njengabazingeli abanesikhathi eside, abaqinile abanekhala elihle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yokuzingela, ivame ukwenza imisebenzi yokuphepha. Kusatshalaliswe esifundeni saseTurkey iMersin.
Ukuzingela kwe-Russian greyhound
Cishe konke izinhlobo ezingavamile zezinja eRussia imvelaphi yangaphandle. Kodwa kukhona ezifuywa ezweni lakithi. Okokuqala, lena yindawo eyake yathandwa kakhulu, kepha manje ayijwayelekile kakhulu ekuzingeleni iRussia. Ngekhulu le-19, cishe zonke izifundazwe zaseRussia zazinabantu abaningi abampunga abanezici zabo.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwavela irejista yozalo yama-Russian canine soundsounds. Kwakunezinja eziyi-15 kuphela kuyo, ezihlangabezana ngokugcwele nezinga lohlobo olwakhiwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ama-canine sightsounds izinja ezide (kufika ku-86 cm ekubuneni), ngokwakhiwa okwomile. Ijubane ngesikhathi sedeshi ngemuva kwesilo lifinyelela ku-90 km / h.
Inja yaseChinese evaliwe
Kubhekwa njengohlobo lwasendulo kakhulu. Imininingwane ngemvelaphi yale nja iyaphikisana impela. Ukukhetha okunenjongo nokuzalanisa kwaqala maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Izinhlangano ezinkulu ze-cynological zahlonishwa njengohlobo oluzimele lwenja efakwe ngemuva konyaka we-1980.
Uhlobo lukhona ezinhlotsheni ezimbili: olungenazinwele nolunezinwele ezimaphakathi. Kudoti owodwa kungaba nemidlwane embozwe izinwele futhi ingenaboya. Inja engenaboya ayinqunu ngokuphelele. Inezinhlayiya emilenzeni, emsileni nasemicu emide ekhanda. Izinja zombili izinhlobo zingezokungasebenzi, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa. Ngenxa yemvelo yabo yokudlala, nokuthula, baba ngabangane abahle kakhulu.
Umelaphi waseLancashire
Umlando womelaphi weLanxshire, eminyakeni eyi-150 eyedlule, waziwa kakhulu. Enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeBrithani, inja yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezolimo. Ngemuva kwalokho wanyamalala. Ukuzalwa kwesibili kohlobo kuzalwe maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Kuphela ngo-2016 lapho i-FCI Association iLanxshire Healer yangena ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezitholwe okwesikhashana.
Inja imfishane, inezinyawo ezincane, inezindlebe ezinkulu. Ukuphakama: 26-30 cm ekubuneni, isisindo: hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-5.5 kg, imvamisa cishe i-3.5 kg. Ibhantshi lifushane, liyacwebezela, lisondele emzimbeni. Umbala wekhava umnyama noma onsundu nge-tan ekhanyayo. Inja ihlakaniphile, igcwele ithemba. Isebenza kahle njengomngane kulezi zinsuku.
ULeonberger
Ngokufaka kuhlu izinhlobo ezingavamile zezinja ezinkulu, ama-cynologists okokuqala abiza uLeonberger. Lolu hlobo lwavela ngekhulu le-19. Idolobha lapho lolu hlobo lwenfuyo lwaziwa khona - uLeonberg. Igama lomlobi walolu hlobo lusindile - nguHeinrich Essig, imeya yaseLeonberg. Ikhulu leminyaka elidlule, ikakhulukazi izimpi, libeke lolu hlobo onqenqemeni lokuqothulwa.
Ukukhula kwabesilisa kufinyelela kuma-82 cm, ama-bitches aze afike kuma-cm 76. Isisindo sabesilisa abangama-70-kg akuyona into engavamile. Izinja zigqoke amajazi amabili. Isisindo esikhulu asizange siguqule uLeonberger abe yizilwane ezikhuluphele, ezivilaphayo. Zinemisipha, zinamandla futhi zinhle. Izinja ziyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wokutakula ezintabeni ezineqhwa nasemanzini. Isimo sabo sobungani sibenza babe abangane abakhulu.
Inja yeCatahula Leopard
Lolu hlobo lwenja alwamukelwa yizo zonke izinhlangano ze-canine. Izinja ziyaziwa eLouisiana, e-USA. Kuwuphawu lwalesi simo. Kutholwe ngokuwela izinja zomdabu zaseNyakatho Melika nezilwane ezafika zivela eYurophu. Inja kuthiwa inesabelo esilinganayo segazi lempisi.
Kunemigqa eminingana yokuzalanisa. Ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi (ukuphakama okungama-55 kuya kuma-66 cm kuyabuna). Izinja zakhiwe kahle, zinikeza umbono wezilwane ezinemisipha, eziqinile. Kumbozwe ngezinwele ezimfishane, eziseduze. Umbala ovame kakhulu yi-merle (marble) eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu.
Levhen
Ngokuvamile lo hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi yinja encane yebhubesi. Ngo-1973, inani lalezi zilwane lafinyelela okungenani: sekusele ezingama-65 kuphela. Esikhathini sethu, kubhaliswe ama-leuchens angaphezu kwekhulu ahlanzekile. Lapho lezi zinja zazikhona kuyo yonke imizi yezicukuthwane yaseYurophu.
U-Levhena yizinja ezinezinwele ezinde zeqembu laseBichon. Isisindo sabo esijwayelekile ngu-3-4 kg, ubukhulu - 6 kg. Ijazi aliqondile noma lisontekile, kunalokho li-wavy futhi liqinile. Uboya abumuki, abuqongeleli uthuli. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-levhenes anezinwele ezinde anomthelela omncane wokungezwani nezinto ezithile. Amanye ama-levhenes ahluke kakhulu kwamanye ama-bichon nama-lapdogs.
Isikhulu se-Neapolitan
UMastiff waseNaples noma weNapolitano mastino usetshenziswa njengonogada. Umsebenzi wawo omkhulu ukuhlaba umxhwele ngokubukeka kwawo okusabekayo nosayizi. Eqinisweni, le nja engamakhilogremu angama-70 ayinolaka kangako futhi ayinalo nolaka, kunalokho inobungane futhi iyazijabulisa. Isici somlingiswa esingesihle cishe siwumona wobuntwana.
Emithanjeni yemastino kugeleza igazi lezinja zempi yamaRoma - ama-molossians. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, akekho owayehileleke ekukhetheni i-mastino. Babezizinja ezinkulu zabalimi, ikakhulukazi ababenza umsebenzi wokubuka. Abafuyi bezinja bagxile kubukhulu benja. Umphumela waba ukuzala okubukeka kabi okunamathambo aqinile nobukhulu obukhulu bomzimba.
Inja Entsha Yokucula YaseGuinea
Esiqhingini saseNew Guinea, ezintabeni zihlala izinja eziyivelakancane... Kunamaqiniso amathathu angenakuphikwa afaka le nja.
- Unegama elihlukile, abizwa ngalo ngokuthi "ukucula".
- Isilwane sasendulo kakhulu. Kukhona okungenani iminyaka engama-6000.
- Inja, ikakhulukazi impilo yayo endaweni yayo yemvelo, ayikaze ifundwe nhlobo.
Kukholakala ukuthi inja ibifuyiwe yasiza abantu basendulo ekuzingeleni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isilwane saphinde saganga. Ngaphandle, inja iyefana nedingo lase-Australia. Kepha kuncane kakhulu. Isisindo sayo singeqi ku-15 kg. Ukuphakama okungaba ngu-30-45 cm ekubuneni.
Inja eculayo inezimfanelo eziningi ezenza ukuba ibe ngumzingeli ovelele. Uyakwazi ukugibela ezihlahleni. Amehlo akhe aklanyelwe ukuthi isilwane sibone kahle kusihlwa noma ebumnyameni. Ichitha impilo yayo yonke ehlathini nasezintabeni, inja yaseNew Guinea ilahlekelwe ijubane, kepha ngokuqina, ubungqabavu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ingaphambi kwezinja zokuzingela zasekhaya.
I-Otterhound
I-Otterhound noma i-Otterhund iyinja yokuzingela ebucayi, ikakhulukazi eyenzelwe ukuzingela ama-otter nama-beavers. Ulwazi lokuqala mayelana ne-otterhound luhlehlela emuva eNkathini Ephakathi. Izinja zalolu hlobo zinamakhono wokuzingela angangabazeki. Esikhathini esidlule nesamanje, lolu hlobo luye lwalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwalo. Inganyamalala eminyakeni ezayo. Abekho ngaphezu kwabantu abangama-600 abasele emhlabeni jikelele.
Inja inkulu ngokwanele. Abesilisa bangafinyelela kuma-70 cm lapho ubuna.Isisindo esikhulu singu-50 kg. Ama-Bitches amafushane futhi alula cishe ngo-10-15%. Inja ihlakaniphile, iqeqeshwe kahle, inomlingiswa ongahlukumezi. Kepha ukumgcina efulethini kunzima. I-Otterhound idinga imithwalo ebonakalayo ngokuya ehlathini nokubhukuda okude.
IsiSlovak Chuvach
Uhlobo lwaziwa njengomalusi wezintaba kanye nenja yokuqapha kusukela ngekhulu le-17. Izinja zinamandla futhi zinkulu. Abesilisa bangakhula bafike kuma-70 cm, bathole isisindo esifinyelela ku-45 kg. Izilinganiso ze-Chuvach zilungile. Umzimba ubude obude kancane kunokuphakama. Isisu nezinhlangothi kuhlangene. Imilenze inobude obuphakathi nendawo, iqonde. Isifuba sikhulu. Ikhanda elilinganiselwe lihlala entanyeni enamandla.
Uboya buminyene, bujiyiza ngengubo yangaphansi. Abesilisa banekhola yoboya. Umbala umhlophe kuphela. Mhlawumbe, kepha hhayi ukufiseleka okuphuzi kwezindlebe. AmaChuvach anekhono lokusebenza elihle kakhulu, isiguli, umlingiswa ozolile, ongenalo ulaka. Bangasebenza njengabangane.
Isikhulu saseTibetan
Izinhlobo ezingafani zezinja esithombeni evame ukumelwa yi-Mastiff yaseTibet. Lezi yizinja ezinkulu kakhulu ezinezikhathi eziyinkimbinkimbi nezindayo. Okhokho bamaMastiff aseTibet bahambisana nemihlambi yezizwe eziyimizulane eHimalaya. Babenomthwalo wokuphepha kwemfuyo, beyivikela izimpisi, amabhere, izingwe zaseMpumalanga Ekude nezingwe. Lezi zinja sezibe yingxenye yesiko labantu baseTibetan.
Ama-Alpine mastiffs angakhula aze afike ku-80 cm nangaphezulu.Angaba nesisindo esingaphezu kuka-100 kg. Zimbozwe ngoboya obukhulu, obubizayo, izinja zibukeka zinkulu kunalokho eziyikho ngempela. AmaMastiff aseTibet ahlukaniswa njengezinja zasendulo.
Lokho wukuthi, ohlotsheni olwakhiwe ezimweni zemvelo ngaphandle kwamaqhinga wabalimi. Bagcina amandla okusinda ezimweni zaseTibet naseHimalaya. Izimo zokuphila ezinzima azizange zikwephule ukuzola nokuzinikela kwabo.
