I-taipan yasogwini, noma iTaipan (i-Oxyuranus scutellatus), imele uhlobo lohlobo lwezinyoka ezinobuthi obukhulu bomndeni we-asp. Izinyoka ezinkulu zase-Australia, ezilumayo ezithathwa njengeziyingozi kunazo zonke izinyoka zesimanje, ngaphambi kokuthuthukiswa komuthi okhethekile wokulwa nekhambi, kwakuyimbangela yokufa kwezisulu ezimweni ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-90.
Incazelo ye-taipan
Ngenxa yesimo sabo esinolaka kakhulu, ubukhulu obukhulu nokushesha kokuhamba, ama-taipan athathwa njengezinyoka ezinobuthi emhlabeni ezihlala emhlabeni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umhlali wezwekazi lase-Australia uyinyoka evela emndenini wezinyoka (Keelback noma iTropidonophis mairii), efana kakhulu nokubukeka kwe-taipan. Lo mmeli wezilwane ezihuquzelayo akayona into enobuthi, kodwa uyisibonelo esicacile nesiphilayo sokulingisa kwemvelo.
Ukubukeka
Usayizi omaphakathi wabamele abantu abadala balolu hlobo cishe u-1.90-1.96 m, ngesisindo somzimba esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu amathathu... Kodwa-ke, ubude oburekhodiwe obukhulu be-taipan engasogwini ngamamitha angu-2.9 futhi anesisindo esingu-6.5 kg. Ngokusho kwezitatimende eziningi zabahlali bendawo, kungenzeka ukuhlangana nabantu abakhulu endaweni yabo yemvelo, ubude bayo obungamamitha angaphezu kwamathathu ngokuphawulekayo.
Njengomthetho, ama-taipans asogwini anombala ofanayo. Umbala wesikhumba se-reptile se-scaly ungahluka kusuka kobunsundu obumnyama kuya kucishe kube mnyama phezulu. Indawo yesisu yenyoka ivame ukuba ukhilimu noma ophuzi ngombala lapho kutholakala khona amabala angajwayelekile aphuzi noma awolintshi. Ngenyanga yasebusika, njengomthetho, umbala wenyoka onjalo ubumnyama, osiza inyoka ukuthi ibambe ukushisa okuvela emisebeni yelanga.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Uma inyoka enobuthi iphazamisekile, iphakamisa ikhanda layo ngokucijile bese iyalinyakazisa kancane, ngemuva kwalokho icishe ngokushesha yenza ukuphonsa okuningana okusheshayo kumphikisi wayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-taipan iyakwazi ukufinyelela kalula isivinini esifinyelela ku-3.0-3.5 m / s.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunezimo eziningi ezaziwayo lapho ama-taipan ahlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu, lapho adla khona amagundane namaxoxo, eba omakhelwane ababulalayo babantu.
Impela konke ukuphonsa kwalesi siphetho esikhulu, esinamaxolo sezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngokufaka ukulunywa okubulalayo, okunoshevu. Uma i-antidote inganikezwa ngaphakathi kwamahora amabili okuqala ngemuva kokulunywa, umuntu uzokufa nakanjani. I-taipan yasogwini iyahamba izingela kuphela ngemva kokushisa okukhulu kwasemini.
I-taipan ihlala isikhathi esingakanani
Okwamanje akukho lwazi olwanele lokunquma ngokuthembekile impilo ye-taipan yasogwini endle. Ekuthunjweni, ngokuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokugcina nokudla, abamele lolu hlobo, ngokwesilinganiso, baphila iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Njengoba izitho zangasese zowesilisa omdala zingaphakathi, ukunquma ubulili benyoka yinto exakile, futhi umbala nosayizi kuyizimpawu eziguqukayo ezinganikeli isiqinisekiso esiphelele. Ukuzimisela okubonakalayo kocansi lwezilwane eziningi ezihuquzelayo kusekelwe kuphela ku-dimorphism yezocansi ngendlela yokwehluka kuzici zangaphandle zowesilisa nowesifazane.
Ngenxa yokwakheka kwesakhiwo se-anatomical sabesilisa kanye nokuba khona kwe-hemipenises, umsila omude futhi ojiyile phansi ungabhekwa njenge-dimorphism yezocansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane abadala balezi zinhlobo, njengomthetho, bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili.
Ubuthi be-Coastal Taipan
Amazinyo anobuthi we-taipan endala angama-1.3 cm ubude. Izindlala ezinobuthi zenyoka enjalo ziqukethe cishe i-400 mg ye-toxin, kepha ngokwesilinganiso, inani layo eliphelele alikho ngaphezu kwe-120 mg... Ubuthi balesi silwane esirhubuluzayo esinemiphumela emikhulu bunomthelela oqinile we-neurotoxic futhi obizwa nge-coagulopathic. Lapho ubuthi bungena emzimbeni, kuba nokuvaleka okubukhali kokucindezela kwemisipha, futhi imisipha yokuphefumula ikhubazekile futhi ukunqamuka kwegazi kuyaphazamiseka. Ukulunywa kukaTaipan kuvame ukubulala kungakadluli amahora ayishumi nambili ngemuva kokungena kobuthi emzimbeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Esifundazweni sase-Australia iQueensland, lapho ama-taipan asogwini ejwayelekile khona, njalo ngomzuzwana ukulunywa kubulawa ubuthi bale nyoka enobudlova ngendlela emangalisayo.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola, ngokwesilinganiso, inyoka eyodwa yabantu abadala ikwazi ukuthola cishe u-40-44 mg wobuthi. Umthamo omncane onjalo ubanele ukubulala abantu abayikhulu noma amagundane okuhlola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-250. Isilinganiso esibulalayo sesilinganiso sobuthi be-taipan yi-LD50 0.01 mg / kg, okucishe kube yingozi izikhathi eziphindwe ngo-178-180 kunobuthi be-cobra. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isihlungu senyoka ngokwemvelo akusona isikhali esiyinhloko se-reptile, kodwa i-enzyme yokugaya noma amathe okuthiwa aguquliwe.
Izinhlobo zetaipan
Kuze kube muva nje, yizinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela ebezibhekiswa kuhlobo lwe-taipan: i-taipan noma i-taipan yasogwini (i-Oxyuranus scutellatus), kanye nenyoka enonya (enobudlova) (i-Oxyuranus microleridotus). Uhlobo lwesithathu, olubizwa nge-inland taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis), lwatholakala eminyakeni eyishumi kuphela eyedlule. Kunemininingwane emincane kakhulu kubamele balezi zinhlobo namuhla, ngoba isilwane esihuquzelayo saqoshwa kwisifanekiso esisodwa.
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ukuhlukaniswa okuncane kwe-taipan engasogwini kuye kwahlukaniswa:
- I-Oxyuranus scutellatus scutellatus - ohlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Australia;
- I-Oxyuranus scutellatus canni - ehlala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yogu eNew Guinea.
Inyoka enonya imfushane kune-taipan yasogwini, futhi ubude obukhulu bomuntu ovuthiwe, njengomthetho, abudluli kumamitha ambalwa... Umbala we-reptile onjalo ungahluka kusuka kokukhanyayo onsundu kuya kokumnyama ngokukhanyayo. Esikhathini esivela kuJuni kuya ku-Agasti, isikhumba senyoka enonya siba mnyama ngokusobala, futhi indawo yekhanda ithola umbala omnyama wesimo salolu hlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Taipan McCoy yehlukile kwi-taipan yasogwini ngoba ayinalo ulaka, futhi konke ukulunywa okubulalayo okulotshwe kuze kube yimanje kungumphumela wokuphatha ngokunganaki le nyoka enobuthi.
Indawo yokuhlala
Inyoka enonya iyisakhamuzi esivamile sendawo yase-Australia, ikhetha ingxenye emaphakathi nezwe kanye nezifunda ezisenyakatho. I-scaly reptile ihlala emathafeni omile nasezindaweni eziwugwadule, lapho icasha khona emifantwini yemvelo, emaphutheni enhlabathi noma ngaphansi kwamatshe, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukutholwa kwayo.
Ukudla kwe-taipan yasogwini
Ukudla kwe-taipan engasogwini kusekelwe kuma-amphibians nasezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezincane, kufaka phakathi amagundane ahlukahlukene. UTaipan McCoy, owaziwa nangokuthi i-inland noma i-desert taipan, udla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo, angasebenzisi nhlobo ama-amphibians.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Abesifazane be-taipan basogwini bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi cishe ezinyangeni eziyisikhombisa ubudala, kanti abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi cishe ezinyangeni eziyishumi nesithupha. Isikhathi sokukhwela asinayo imikhawulo yesikhathi ecacile, ngakho-ke ukuzala kungenzeka kusukela ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaMashi kuya kuDisemba. Imvamisa, isiqongo esikhulu sokuzalela senzeka phakathi kukaJulayi no-Okthoba, lapho isimo sezulu e-Australia sikulungele kangcono ukufukamela amaqanda ezinwabuzelayo ezinesihlungu.
Abesilisa abavuthiwe ngokobulili be-taipan yasogwini babamba iqhaza ezimpini zemikhuba ezijabulisayo nezinesabekayo, ezingathatha amahora amaningi. Lolu hlobo lokuhlolwa kwamandla wesilisa lumvumela ukuthi anqobe ilungelo lokuhlangana nowesifazane. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesiphephelo sowesilisa. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusukela ezinsukwini ezingama-52 kuya kwezingama-85, ngemuva kwalokho insikazi izalela cishe amaqanda amabili nambili.
Amaqanda anobubanzi obumaphakathi abekwa ngabesifazane emigodini elahliwe yezilwane zasendle ezanele ngokwanele, noma enhlabathini evulekile ngaphansi kwamatshe nezimpande zezihlahla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuya ocansini ezihuquzelayo ezinamakhasi kungenye yezinto ezinde kakhulu ezimweni zemvelo, futhi inqubo yokukhulelwa okuqhubekayo ingathatha izinsuku eziyishumi.
Emaqanda "esidleke" anjalo angalala ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, okuncike ngqo kuzinkomba zokushisa nomswakama. Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zinobude bomzimba ngaphakathi kwama-60 cm, kepha ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zangaphandle zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, zifinyelela usayizi womuntu omdala ngesikhathi esifushane.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kobuthi bayo, i-taipan ingaba isisulu sezilwane eziningi, ezibandakanya izimpisi ezinamabala, izimpisi ze-marsupial kanye nama-martens, ama-weasel, kanye nezinye izidlakela ezinkulu ezinamaphiko. Inyoka eyingozi ehlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu noma emasimini omhlanga ivame ukubhujiswa ngabantu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ama-taipan asogwini ayizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezivamile, futhi ikhono lokukhiqiza kabusha uhlobo lwazo ngokushesha alibangeli izinkinga ekugcineni inani labantu ngamanani azinzile. Kuze kube manje, amalungu alezi zinhlobo ahlukaniswa njengoKhathazeka Okuncane.
