Ingulube yasendle, eyaziwa nangokuthi ingulube yasendle, noma ingulube yasendle, izingulube, izingulube nezinye, ingeyomndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo. Igama elithi izingulube liphinde lisetshenziselwe ukubhekisa engulubeni yesilisa yasekhaya, okuyinzalo yezingulube zasendle.
Incazelo yezingulube
Umzimba wengulube yasendle umbozwe ngoboya obugundwe ngoboya, obunqunyiwe, obumnyama noma onsundu... Esimweni sokuma kusuka ehlombe, ubukhulu besilwane bufinyelela ngamasentimitha angama-90, kuphakeme impela. Izingulube zasendle izilwane eziningi ezihlala ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane. Ngaphandle kwabantu abadala abagcina behlukene. Lezi zilwane ziyashesha kakhulu, zisebenzisa omnivorous futhi ziyabhukuda kahle. Izingulube zasendle ikakhulu ziba sebusuku. Zinezimpondo ezibukhali, futhi yize lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zivame ukungabi nolaka, zingaba yingozi enkulu. Ukuhlaselwa yingulube yasendle kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu, ngisho nokufa.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ukubamba izingulube zasendle kuyibhizinisi elihloniphekile futhi eliyingozi ngokweqile. Ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Europe kanye ne-India, kusazingelwa izinja njengakuqala, kepha umkhonto wasendulo udonswe kakhulu ngesibhamu noma esinye isibhamu.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngenxa yamandla ayo amangalisayo, isivinini nobudlova bayo, izingulube zasendle bezingezinye zezilwane eziyintandokazi ekuzingeleni. Kokubili isasasa elijwayelekile lenyama yokujaha neyendebe, isikhumba nenhloko yengulube yasendle kuyaziswa, okuyinto enhle kakhulu yokwenza izilwane ezigxishiwe odongeni. Indawo yokuzingela engajwayelekile ibingenza ngaphandle kobuso bayo obudabukisayo odongeni. Futhi inyama yezingulube ibhekwe njengeyona indle enhle kakhulu isikhathi eside. E-Yurobhu, ingulube ingenye yezilwane ezine ezixosha izimbali ezazibhalwe ophawini lukaRichard III, iNkosi yaseNgilandi.
Ukubukeka
Izingulube zasendle zingezomndeni wezingulube ze-artiodactyl, kodwa hhayi izilwane ezi ruminants. Yize benobuhlobo obuseduze, izingulube ziyahluka ngezindlela eziningi kwingulube evamile yasekhaya. Lokhu kungenxa yezimo zokuphila, ngenxa yalokho imvelo inikeze izingulube izinzuzo ezithile zokuzivikela nokubekezela ukuze zisinde.
Ingulube inomzimba omfushane futhi ominyene ngokwedlulele. Isakhiwo esijiyile nesihlanganisiwe semilenze sivumela isilwane ukuba sihambe kalula emabangeni amade endaweni ebhedayo. Inhloko yengulube nayo iguqulwe kancane. Inesimo esiqhelelene kakhulu empumulweni. Izindlebe zimile cishe phezulu ekhanda. Futhi, ikhanda lalesi silo sasendle lihlonyelwe inzuzo enkulu yokuphila endle - amazinyo amabili abukhali ahlala ekhula.
Ingubo yezingulube iyajiya. Inokungaguquguquki kwama-bristles amaqhafuqhafu, akha ngezikhathi ezithile uhlobo lomhlwenga emzimbeni ongenhla, ovela uma isilwane sithukile noma silungiselela ukuhlasela. Umbala woboya uqobo ungaguqulwa kuye ngendawo lapho kuhlala khona ingulube ethile. Uboya bunikezwa izilwane hhayi nje ukufudumala, kepha futhi nokufihla, futhi lokhu kuyenzeka kuleli cala. Iphalethi lemibala yezingulube zasendle lisukela kumagwababa amnyama kuya konsundu ansundu.
Ohlangothini olusuka ngaphambili kuye ngemuva, umzimba wengulube uya mncane. Ngemuva kunomsila omncane omncane omncane, ofakwe intshakaza yoboya obufinyiwe. Ingaphambili, isigamu esikhulu somzimba sithuthuke kahle ngokwedlulele, okwenza ukuthi izingulube zasendle zingagcini ngokuhamba amabanga amade, kodwa futhi nokudlula isitha ekuphishekeleni uma kunesidingo.
Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumasentimitha angu-180. Ubuningi besilwane esikhulile bufinyelela kusuka kumakhilogremu ayikhulu kuya kwamakhulu amabili, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ukudla nezinhlobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, usayizi wokubuna kubantu abakhulu ikakhulukazi ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-1000 ukuphakama.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izingulube kulula ukuzenza isilwane... Okuyinto eyenzeka enzalweni endala kunazo zonke yezingulube zethu ezifuywayo, ezondlekile futhi eziheha ngokweqile. Zikhombisa izimpawu zokuhlalisana, yingakho zihlangana kalula njengemihlambi, zihlale ngamaqembu.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngokuyinhloko, umhlambi wezingulube uqukethe iqembu lezinsikazi nezingane zazo. Ngokwezibalo, munye kuphela owesilisa kwabesifazane abathathu. Izingulube ezindala zikhetha ukuzihlukanisa; ngobudala, ziba nezikhali ezifana noqwanga ezinhlangothini zazo, okubanika ithuba empini.
Owesilisa kuphela owenza umsebenzi wokuvikela izindawo nenzalo. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ungabukeli phansi owesifazane - umama, eduze kwezingane zakhe. Insikazi, eseduze kwayo lapho kukhona amawundlu, iyingozi kakhulu ezinkomeni zasendle, ngoba inolaka olukhulu kunoma ibaphi abantu abangenayo. Yize amazinyo akhe ebuthakathaka kancane, angamnyathela kalula ophikisana naye, ancike kuye ngengxenye engaphambili yomzimba wakhe enezinselo, okulimaza kakhulu.
Ziphila isikhathi esingakanani izingulube
Izibalo ezimaphakathi zikhomba ukuthi ubude besikhathi sezingulube zasendle buphakathi kweminyaka eyishumi nambili kuya kwelishumi nane. Kuyamangaza ukuthi lezi zilwane, ngokungafani nezinye eziningi, zihlala isikhathi eside endle. Iminyaka yabo yokufa eseduze ifinyelela cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwezingulube zasendle kuqala eneminyaka eyodwa nohhafu. Ukukhwelana kuvamise ukwenzeka ngoNovemba-Disemba-Januwari.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Ingulube yesifazane ingaphansi kowesilisa ngosayizi. Futhi banekhanda elincane elibonakalayo kanye nama-canines angabonakali.
Izinhlobo zezingulube
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kwezingulube noma izingulube zasendle, zihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo. Laba ngabamele izilwane zasentshonalanga, empumalanga, eNdiya nase-Indonesia. Futhi, izingulube zasendle zehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye.
Ingulube yase-Afrika enezindlebe ezinamahlathi, ingulube yomhlume e-Indonesia, i-babirussa, i-savannah warthog yase-Afrika, izingulube zasendle ezivela emahlathini ase-Asia naseYurophu, ingulube enamaqabunga aseMadagascar, ingulube enkulu yase-Afrika, nezingulube ze-pygmy nezaseJavanese. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zinokuhluka okuncane kwangaphandle ngenxa yendawo yazo ngayinye.
Indawo yokuhlala
Indawo yokuhlala nokusatshalaliswa kwezingulube zasendle yiyona ebanzi kakhulu. Ungahlangana nalezi zilwane ezidla imisipha, zombili emahlathini aqinile futhi aqinile, kanye nasezindaweni ezinama-steppe nasezifundeni ze-taiga.
Kwezinye izindawo kwaqothulwa ngokuphelele. Umeleli omkhulukazi walezi zinhlobo izingulube zasendle zaseYurophu, ezihlala emahlathini asentshonalanga nasenyakatho yeYurophu naseNyakatho Afrika kuya eNdiya, e-Andaman Islands naseChina. Yazalelwa eNew Zealand naseMelika ngokuwela izingulube ezinkulu ezifuywayo nezinhlobo zasendle zasendle.
Ukudla kwezingulube
Ngaphandle kobudlova obungaba khona - imenyu yezingulube ikakhulukazi imifino... Akaphikisani nokudla ngezimpande, ama-acorn, imifino yezimpande, amajikijolo namakhowe, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinomsoco. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sokushoda kokudla, lapho kuqala ukubanda, izingulube zasendle zishintshela ekudleni okwanelisa ngokwengeziwe. Isibonelo, isidumbu, amaqanda ezinyoni, izibungu ezitholakala emhlabathini nangaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, kanye namagxolo uqobo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ingulube endala idla ukudla okungamakhilogremu amathathu kuya kwayisithupha ngosuku. Izingulube zidinga amanzi amaningi nsuku zonke. Ziza emlonyeni wemifula namachibi ngenxa yakhe, izingulube zasendle nazo zingadla izinhlanzi ezisanda kubanjwa.
Izingulube zasendle zilusizo ehlathini. Ukudla udoti wezitshalo endaweni ehlala kuyo, bona, kanye namahlamvu, utshani nezimpande, badla zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane, izibungu nezinambuzane, ngaleyo ndlela benze umsebenzi wokuhlanzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala bemba umhlabathi ngamazinyo abo nangamadime anamandla befuna ukudla, okuthinta kahle ikhwalithi yayo.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Kudoti owodwa, insikazi izala izingulube eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Umbala wazo onemigqa ubasiza ngokuphelele ukuba bafihle phakathi kwamahlamvu namagatsha endawo abahlala kuyo. Njengomthetho, azikho izingane ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, kukhona amacala okuzalwa okungu-2-3 kwabesifazane. Kuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo yezingulube.Ukuncelisa amazinyane ezingulube ezisanda kuzalwa kuthatha izinyanga ezifika kwezintathu noma ezintathu nengxenye... Njengomthetho, vele esontweni lesithathu lokuphila, amantshontsho asebenzayo futhi angahamba ngokuzimela. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, umama uhlala enolaka kunoma ngubani ongenayo. Owesifazane onjengempi uvikela inzalo yakhe ngendlela eqaphe kakhulu.
Ungabukeli phansi amandla ayo. Ngisho nezingulube zasendle zesifazane ziyakwazi ukuzivikela kuze kube sekugcineni, noma ukuzibandakanya ekuphishekeleni. Isilwane esivele silimele ngeke siyeke ukulwa nomuntu owonile kuze kube yilapho ephefumula okokugcina. Futhi lapho kukhona inqwaba yemisipha namazinyo abukhali, kuyingozi enkulu kumphikisi wengulube yasendle. Yize kubazingeli abaningi abanentshisekelo - abafuna injabulo, lokhu akuyona inkinga nakancane.
Futhi izingulube zingafuyelwa ekuthunjweni. Ngalokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha ingulube elungile. Lapho ukhetha okukodwa kohlelo lokuzalisa, kufanele kucatshangelwe izinto ezinjengomsuka ovela emhlambini othile, ukusebenza, ukuzinza nokuvumelana.
Kuyathakazelisa!Imvelaphi yofuzo lwengulube yasendle kufanele ihambisane nokusetshenziswa okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe. Ukukhethwa kwama-sires anokukhubazeka kwefa njenge-umbilical or inguinal hernias, i-cryptorchidism, i-rectal prolapse ingagwenywa ngokuhlaziywa ngokucophelela kwedatha yokuqala yokukhiqiza umhlambi.
Zonke izingulube zasendle ezizosetshenziswa kuhlelo lokuzalisa kufanele, okungenani, zibe seronegative ye-brucellosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bonke abesilisa kufanele babekwe bodwa futhi bahlonishwe okungenani izinsuku ezingama-45-60 ngaphambi kokukhwelana futhi bahlolwe (noma baphinde bahlolelwe) izifo eziyingozi kwezinye izihlobo ngaphambi kokufakwa emhlambini. Uma izingulube zibandakanyeka enqubweni yokukhetha kusuka kumatitha amakhulu (anezingulube ezingaphezu kwezingu-10) ezifika ebusheni ekuqaleni (izinyanga ezi-5½ - 6), zivame ukukhiqiza amantshontsho azala kakhulu, nawo afinyelela ebusheni esemncane. Imingcele yokusebenza njengokusebenza kokuphakelayo kanye nenzuzo emaphakathi yansuku zonke nayo ifaneleka kakhulu.
Ukuguqulwa kwamathambo nokucatshangelwa kokungasebenzi kahle kwamanje noma okungenzeka kwe-locomotor kumele kunqunywe. Noma ikuphi ukungajwayelekile okubuhlungu okungavimbela ingulube ukuthi isondele kowesifazane, ukuthola indawo, ukuzala ngempumelelo nokukhipha umchamo kufanele kukhonjwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isibonelo, izimo ezibucayi noma ezingapheli zohlelo lwe-musculoskeletal zingadala izinhlungu ezenza ukuthi ingulube ibonakale ingathandeki ukusetha. Izingulube zasendle zivame ukukhethwa njengethemba lokuzala kabusha isikhathi esiyizinyanga ezi-3-6.
Izitha zemvelo
Ngaphandle kobukhulu obumangazayo, izinkomba zamandla, kanye namazinyo abukhali, ngisho nezingulube zasendle zinezitha endaweni yazo yemvelo. Ukungahlakaniphi okuyinhloko kwengulube yasendle impisi. Into ukuthi impisi ingenisa umonakalo omkhulu emfuyweni yezingulube zasendle ngokudla izilwane ezincane ezingakakwazi ukuzimela. Ngasikhathi sinye, izingulube azihlali ezikweletini.
Izibalo zazi amacala amaningi lapho izimpisi zifa empini kusuka emazinyweni abukhali wezingulube zasendle. Emazweni ashisayo angajwayelekile, njengeNdiya, i-Asia Ephakathi noma iTranscaucasia, izilwane ezincane zivame ukuba yizisulu zamakati asendle. Njengamahlosi, ezimweni ezingavamile - ama-lynx nezingwe. Inyama yezingulube zasendle iyisinkwa esihlwabusayo sehlosi; ekomeleni inyamazane, ukulungele ukulwa ngisho nomuntu omdala omele uhlobo.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ngaphezu kwesitha sezilwane, izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu kanye nezinye izingqinamba nakho kudala umonakalo omkhulu kuma-broods angavuthiwe. Izingane eziningi zashiswa ngesikhathi sezintaba nezemililo yehlathi, izikhukhula ezesabekayo, nezinye izinhlekelele.
Ngasikhathi sinye, isitha esinamandla sanoma yisiphi isilwane sasibhekwa njengendoda uqobo. Ukuzingela izingulube zasendle kuwukuzijabulisa okudumile kuyo yonke iminyaka, uhlobo lokuzijabulisa olusebenzayo, kwezemidlalo, noma ngabe kuzwakala kunesihluku kangakanani. Ngaphezu kwesasasa ngokwalo, inyama nezikhumba zezilwane zithandwa kakhulu. Izindawo ezisengozini kakhulu yesilwane ukudla noma ukuphuza izindawo.
Imizimba emikhulu yamanzi, izindawo zokuqongelela izithelo noma amajikijolo yizindawo eziyizintandokazi zabazingeli, lapho kulula kakhulu ukubamba isilwane ngokuzuma. Ngenhlanhla, izingulube zasendle akulula kangako, kunzima kakhulu ukumbamba, ngoba uyisilwi esinesibindi, esilwela okokugcina ngempilo yaso kanye nenhlalakahle yenzalo yaso.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000 kukhombisa ukwanda kwenani lezingulube zasendle kubukhulu beRussia Federation. Kukhona futhi indlela yokuphuma kokukhula kwabantu kusuka ekucindezelekeni okuqhubekayo kweminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye. Okwamanje, ukubanjwa kwezomthetho minyaka yonke kusuka kubantu abayikhulu kuya kwabayi-120.
Inani lokuhweba
Imikhiqizo eyigugu esemqoka engatholakala lapho kudotshwa izingulube zasendle ngama-bristles, inyama nezikhumba.... Isisindo sokuhlatshwa ebusika siphezulu ngo-10% kunasehlobo. Ngokwesilinganiso, isidumbu esisodwa sezingulube zasendle singanikeza umzingeli amakhilogremu angama-50 enyama. Indawo yesikhumba etholakalayo ifinyelela kuma-decimeters angama-300.
Kuyathakazelisa!Zizingela izingulube zasendle ngokuzibuka ngesikhathi somgodi wokunisela noma ngokuhlala ezindaweni zokudla zamaqembu. Ukuzingela nezinja nakho kuyenziwa.
Lesi silo sigxumela ezindaweni ezivulekile ngejubane lombani, ngaphambi kokubheka ngokucophelela nxazonke bese sihogela. Futhi, izingulube zikhula ngesivinini esikhulu, okwenza kungakwazi ukugxila kahle. Ukuhlangana nezingulube ezinolaka kungaba ngowokugcina kumzingeli ongenalwazi ophuphuthekiswe uthando.
