Kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe lethu, undlunkulu ungenye yezinhlobo zezinyoni ezivame kakhulu. Abantu bajwayele lezi zinyoni futhi abakunakile ukuba khona kwazo eduze kwabo isikhathi eside. Zikhona yonke indawo: uphahla, izintambo, umoya - konke lokhu kuyindawo yazo yokuhlala.
Incazelo kondlunkulu
Ngokwemvelo, kunezinombolo eziningi zezinyoni ezifana kakhulu nezindlunkulu.... Kepha akudingekile nakancane ukuthi babe ngezinhlobo zalezi zinyoni. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-22 zale nyoni, eziyi-8 zazo ezingatholakala ezisizungezile. Okungukuthi:
- brownie - ohlala e-Eurasia, eRussia - kuzo zonke izindawo, ngaphandle kwenyakatho-mpumalanga ne-tundra;
- inkambu - ingatholakala kumvelo yamazwekazi ase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika;
- iqhwa - amakoloni atholakala eCaucasus nasengxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Altai;
- ibele elimnyama - umhlali wengxenye esenyakatho ye-Afrika nase-Eurasia;
- okubomvu - eRussia kutholakala eziqhingini zaseKuril naseningizimu yeSakhalin;
- itshe - indawo yezindawo zokuhlala isakazeka e-Altai, eTransbaikalia, esifundeni esiphansi seVolga, esifundeni saseCaucasus;
- Ubumba lwaseMongolia - ohlala unomphela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeTransbaikalia, iRiphabhulikhi yaseTuva, i-Altai Territory;
- iminwe emifushane - indawo eyithandayo iyindawo enamadwala nezintaba, ngakho-ke itholakala kakhulu eDagestan.
Ukubukeka
Wonke umuntu ujwayele ukubukeka kwesimo sondlunkulu. Inyoni le incane ngosayizi. Ekuqaleni, kungabonakala sengathi izimpaphe zayo zinombala onsundu ngokumpunga, kepha uma ubhekisisa, ungabona imivimbo yamathoni amnyama ezimpikweni, kanye namabhulethi amnyama. Ikhanda, isisu nezindawo eziseduze nezindlebe kunemibala ekhanyayo, ephinda ihluke kokumpunga ngokukhanyayo kuye koku nsundu ngokukhanyayo.
Ikhanda lazo lihlotshiswe ngomlomo onamandla omnyama. Umsila mfushane, monochromatic. Isilinganiso sobude bomzimba cishe siyi-15 cm, kanti isisindo somzimba asikho ngaphezu kwama-gram angama-35. Amaphiko angafinyelela ku-26 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Abesifazane nabesilisa banokuhluka okuphawulekayo phakathi kwabo. Abesilisa bahlala njalo bebakhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi eyokugcina ayinayo indawo ekhanyayo ngaphambili kwesilevu nasesifubeni abesilisa abanayo.
Amehlo ezinyoni ahlotshiswe ngohlaka olunombala onsundu ngokumpunga. Ondlunkulu banemilenze emifushane, emincane enozipho olubuthaka. Esikhathini esiningi sihlangana nondlunkulu bendlu nabasensimini. Akunzima ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili komunye nomunye: undlunkulu wendoda owesilisa unesigqoko esimnyama esimpunga ekhakhayini, kuyilapho undlunkulu wensimu enokhephu kashokoledi. Inyoni yasendlini inemigqa eyodwa ekhanyayo ephikweni ngalinye, kanti inyoni yasensimini inezimbili. Ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni zasendle, izitshalo ezimnyama zingatholakala ezihlathini, kuthi ikhola emhlophe isatshalaliswe entanyeni. Ngomzimba, izimpaphe zendlu zikhulu kakhulu futhi ziqinile kunesihlobo sazo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni ezisabalele ezweni lethu nazo zinezici zokubukeka:
- Indlunkulu enesifuba esimnyama... inombala we-chestnut ekhanda, entanyeni, enape nasezimpikweni. Ngemuva, ungabona izinkomba ezikhanyayo nezikhanyayo. Izinhlangothi zomzimba nezihlathi zale nyoni zinombala okhanyayo. Kuqokonyiswe umphimbo, i-goiter, ingxenye ephezulu yesifuba, kanye nomugqa ophakathi kwezindlebe ngombala omnyama. Emaphikweni, umugqa omncane onqamulelayo wenzelwe indawo, owenziwe ngemithunzi emnyama. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngokugqama okukhulu kwemibala enemibala kunabesifazane.
- Undlunkulu weqhwa... Ngaphandle kwalokho kubizwe iqhwa finch... Yinyoni enhle, ehlukaniswa ngamaphiko amade amnyama nomhlophe nomsila ompunga okhanyayo, ohlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezikhanyayo ezihlukene emaphethelweni. Kubonakala ngendawo emnyama endaweni yomphimbo.
- Indlunkulu ebomvu... Unombala ogqamile, owethulwe ngombala we-chestnut. Ngemuva, izimpiko, emuva kwekhanda kudwetshwe ngalo mbala. Kwabesifazane, ungabona isifuba sombala ompunga okhanyayo noma onsundu ngokukhanyayo.
- Indlunkulu yetshe... Umuntu omkhulu onomugqa okhanyayo obanzi esifundeni somqhele, kanye nomlomo ocacile onsundu. Umphimbo nesifuba kukhanya, kunemigqa ehlukaniseka kahle, futhi indawo enkulu, ephuzi, enezinamula ibekwe ku-goiter.
- Indlunkulu Yomdabu waseMongolia... Inombala ompunga ongachazwanga, lapho kunezindawo zokukhanya ezingafani kahle.
- Indlunkulu emfishane... Izimpaphe zihlukaniswa ngosayizi omncane nezimpaphe zesihlabathi. Engxenyeni emaphakathi yendawo yomphimbo, kanye nasesinqeni somsila, kutholakala imivimbo emincane yokukhanya.
Kuyathakazelisa! Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi umhlaba wonke lezi zinyoni ziwubona ngemibala epinki, kanti umgogodla wezinyoni wesibeletho unamathambo omqolo aphindwe kabili kunendlulamithi.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Lezi zinyoni zinomlingiswa omuhle kabi. Banomona ngezinto zabo, bahlala behlela izimpi nezinye izinyoni, bavikela indawo yabo. Bahlela futhi kalula ukulwa nezihlobo zabo. Kepha akukho kuchitheka kwegazi. Imvamisa, ezinye izinhlobo ezincane zezinyoni azikwazi ukumelana nengcindezi yondlunkulu bese zishiya indawo yazo yokuzalwa, ziyinikele ezandleni zezinyoni ezeqile.
Zihlala phansi, zikhetha ukwakha izidleke endaweni efanayo. Inzalo, ifinyelela ebusheni, isalokhu ihleli nabazali bayo, ngakho-ke, ukuhlangana nomhlambi wonondlunkulu kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ukuzitholela umaqondana, bahlala naye impilo yabo yonke. Izidleke zondlunkulu bezindlu zingatholakala emifantwini yezindonga zezakhiwo zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya, ngemuva kokuphakanyiswa kwezindlu ezindala, ngemuva kwamafasitela naseminyango yomnyango. Ngaphansi kokuvamile - imigodi, izidleke ezilahliwe zezinkonjane, izindlu zezinyoni.
Ondlunkulu bensimu bahlala emaphethelweni ehlathi, amapaki, izingadi, izihlahla ezikhula kakhulu. Eziningi zazo zihlala ezindongeni zezidleke zezinyoni ezinkulu, ngokwesibonelo, onogolantethe, izindwandwe, izinkozi, osprey. Lapha zizizwa ziphephile, zivikelwe izinyoni ezinkudlwana futhi ezinamandla eziqaphe izidleke zazo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye ondlunkulu abangazinzile bayalima. Into engajwayelekile kondlunkulu ukuthula nokuzola. Ukuduma, ukuhayiza, umsindo - konke lokhu kutholakala kulezi zinyoni. Lokhu kushiwo ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo, lapho kwakhiwa ngababili.
Umhlambi ngamunye unondlunkulu wawo wokuqapha. Uqapha ngokucophelela ukusondela kwengozi, futhi uma kwenzeka ivele, wazisa wonke umuntu. Inikeza isignali yengozi ngesimo se- "chrr" bese umhlambi wonke uhlakazeka usuka ezindaweni zawo. Kwezinye izimo, izinyoni zidala isiyaluyalu. Lokhu kungaba yindlela yokuzingela ikati kubo noma ingane ewa esidlekeni.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akuyona imfihlo kunoma ngubani ukuthi lezi zinyoni zinesimo esithile sokweba. Ngakho-ke, kukhona nohlobo oludumile lwemvelaphi yegama lale nyoni: uma le nsiba intshontshile ibhande elincane kuthileyi yombhaki, kwathi yena, ekubona lokhu, wamemeza: “Isela - shaya! Isela - shaya! "
Ondlunkulu baphila isikhathi esingakanani
Banesikhathi esifushane sokuphila. Ngokuvamile babulawa ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezidla ezinye, ukungabi nokudla noma izifo ezahlukahlukene. Isikhathi sokuphila sisuka ku-1 kuye ku-4. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi izibindi ezinde zingatholakala.
Indawo yokuhlala
Uhlobo ngalunye lwondlunkulu lunendawo yalo yokuhlala.... Ungahlangana nazo yonke indawo, kepha lokhu akunakwenzeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibanda kakhulu, lapho cishe kungekho khona impilo.
Bahamba nomuntu yonke indawo. Ondlunkulu bajwayele izimo zokuphila e-Australia nasemahlathini esihlabathi, kanye nasehlathini-ehlathini. Zimbalwa kakhulu izindawo ezisele emhlabeni lapho le nyoni ibingatholakali khona.
Ukudla kondlunkulu
Lezi zinyoni azithobeki ekudleni. Bangadla imfucumfucu yokudla evela kubantu, imvuthu, izinambuzane, izibungu, okusanhlamvu. Ngasikhathi sinye, abakwazi ukubizwa ngezinyoni ezinesizotha - bangandizela ngokuphepha kumuntu e-cafe yasehlobo bese bemlinda ukuthi ahlanganyele naye i-tidbit.
Kuyathakazelisa!Ebusika, eqhweni nangemva kokuwa okukhulu kweqhwa, lezi zinyoni azikwazi ukuzitholela ukudla futhi, lapho zihlala zilambile, ziba yiqhwa.
Uma zihlala zinganyakazi isikhathi eside, lapho-ke zingabamba okuthile ezikuthandayo. Awahahi. Ucezu oluvelayo lobumnandi olufiselekayo lwabiwe phakathi kwazo zonke izinyoni zomhlambi. Kepha ukudla abangajwayele kubenza besabe, ngakho-ke akukho isiqiniseko sokuthi bazokuntshontsha ukuze kudliwe.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Ekupheleni kwesikhathi sasebusika, ungezwa ukuthwathwa kwe-twitter nokuzwakala komoya ondlunkulu, futhi ubone imvuselelo yabo. Lokhu kuzomaka ukuqala kokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa kungagwenywa kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu. Sebenqobile abesifazane, laba bazakhela isidleke ngasekupheleni kukaMashi.
Ngenyanga ka-Ephreli, insikazi izalela amaqanda. Ngokuvamile inani labo alidluli izingcezu eziyi-8. Anombala omhlophe onamabala abomvu namachaphazelo. Ukuchamisela amaqanda kuyinto yomndeni. Izinyoni ziyashintshana ngokwenza lokhu emasontweni amabili ezayo.
Ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa kwamachwane, ukunakekelwa kwawo akudluleli ngokuphelele kowesifazane. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, abazali bebonke bahlanganyela ekondleni nasekunakekeleni izingane ezisakhula. Ngakho-ke, amaphuphu asheshe aqine futhi aphume aphume esidlekeni. Ngalesi sikhathi sesikhathi, abazali banakekela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo futhi bathathwa ukuze bathole amaqanda. Uma izimo zokuphila zivuma, khona-ke kungaba khona ama-clutches anjalo amathathu ngonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo
Naphezu kokulwa kwabo, ondlunkulu banezitha eziningi emvelweni. Okuyingozi kakhulu kubo amakati alahlekile. Bayakwazi ukubamba "ababukele" bese bedla. Phakathi nesikhathi sasemini, ondlunkulu bayizisulu zondlunkulu, abangaphuma ngokuzumayo baphume ngemuva kwendlu noma ezihlahleni ezisebenza njengendawo yabo yokukhosela bese behlasela izinyoni ezingalindele lutho. Ebusuku izikhova ziyizitha zondlunkulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ondlunkulu batholakala yonke indawo emhlabeni wonke, futhi amanani abo makhulu kakhulu. Akekho umuntu onjalo ongakaze abone le nyoni empilweni yakhe. Abafakiwe kunoma iyiphi iRed Book, kepha ukusebenziseka kwabo akunakungatshazwa. Ngakho-ke, umuntu kuphela okufanele avikele lezi zinyoni.
Kepha kwezinye izimo, ukulimala okungaphezulu kokuhle kubonakala kulezi zinyoni. Ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemadolobheni, lapho zingekho khona izinyoni eziningi ezidla izinambuzane, ondlunkulu baba usizo olukhulu. Yibo ababhubhisa izinambuzane eziyingozi (amabhungane, amacimbi, imidge), kanye nezinye izitha zohlaza. Kepha ekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo, isithombe sishintsha kakhulu. Izinyoni ezifuyiwe, ngenxa yokushoda kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ziqala ukondla ukudla kwezitshalo, ngakho-ke, zihlasela ngamandla emasimini aqukethe izitshalo zasensimini, kanye nezivini namasimu ezithelo.
Okubalulekile!Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwalezi zinyoni kucishe kuqede nya isivuno sezithelo nezinkwa ezahlukahlukene. Kunzima ukubhekana nazo, ngoba ondlunkulu abazizwa besaba ngenxa yenqwaba yamaqhuqhuva kanye nama-scarecrows abekwe ezingadini nasezinsimini. Izinzuzo zondlunkulu zivame ukunganakwa, futhi ingozi ebangelwe cishe ngokushesha ikwenza uzinake.
Wonke umuntu uyayazi le ndaba lapho abantu baseChina babecabanga ukuthi ondlunkulu yibona ababhubhisa isivuno sabo selayisi. Mayelana nalokhu, le nyoni yaba yisitha esikhulu, bese kulandelwa ukubhujiswa kwayo. Ukwazi ukuthi ondlunkulu abakwazi ukundiza isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engu-15, abantu bavele bangabavumeli ukuba bahlale phansi, futhi izinyoni zawela phansi ngenxa yokuntula amandla asevele efile. Kodwa ngemuva kwalokho, kwafika isitha sangempela - izinambuzane, okwathi kamuva zaphindaphindeka kakhulu kangangokuba kwakungasavunwa nhlobo ngalowo nyaka. Ngenxa yalokhu, abantu abangaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30 zabantu baseChina babulawa yindlala.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Gull
- Rook
- ULark
- Igwababa
Uma uthi nhlá, kungabonakala sengathi undlunkulu uyinyoni ezothile nenokuthula, engahlukaniswa ukuhlakanipha noma ubuhlakani. Eqinisweni, ummeleli ngamunye walezi zinhlobo zezinyoni unomlingiswa onenkani, umsebenzi omuhle wokukhumbula, nokuzijabulisa ngokweqile. Lezi zinyoni zihlala zigcina indawo yazo yokuhlala zivikelekile, futhi futhi zizungeze inzalo yazo ngokunakekela okufudumele.
