Izinkawu ze-Howler (i-Aloautta) ziyizinhlobo ezibandakanya abameleli bezinkawu ezinamakhala abanzi bomndeni omkhulu wama-arachnids (Atelidae). Abamele abakhaliphile nabangajwayelekile besilwane esincelisayo kanye ne-oda lama-Primates bayakwazi ukwenza imisindo ebhongayo kakhulu, echaza igama labo langempela.
Incazelo ye-Howlers
Isilwane esincelisayo nesikhulu sinokubukeka okungavamile kanye nezwi elikhulu, ngenxa yalo elizuze ukuthandwa okukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.... Uhlobo lweHowler manje selunezinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu nezinhlobonhlobo eziningana, ezinokuhlukahluka okuningana ekubukekeni.
Ukubukeka
Isidumbu semfene eklabalayo sikhulukazi ngosayizi. Ubude bomzimba wabantu besilisa abadala bufinyelela ku-62-63 cm, kanti kwabesifazane - buphakathi kuka-46-60 cm. Umsila u-prehensile futhi uqine ngendlela eyisimanga, kanti ubude bomsila womuntu wesilisa omdala bucishe bube ngamasentimitha angama-60-70. Kwabesifazane, umsila unobude obumangalisa ngokulinganayo, yehluka phakathi kwamasentimitha angama-55 kuya kwayisithupha. Isilwane esidala sihlukaniswa ngesisindo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu: isisindo sowesilisa singu-5-10 kg, kanti leso sowesifazane ovuthiwe ngokocansi sisebangeni elingu-3-8 kg.
Isici sokubonakala komkhwibi ngukuba khona kwamakhala asondele kakhulu namazinyo amakhulu angamashumi amathathu nesithupha, anikeza isilwane esincelisayo ukungasabi ngisho nobudlova. Umhlathi we-primate ubanzi impela futhi uphumele phambili kancane, futhi ubukhulu obumangalisayo bama-canines buvumela isilwane esinjalo ukuthi sizitholele masinyane kakhukhunathi, futhi siphuze kalula ubisi kubo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Oweler okhulile ocansini unentshebe ende, okuyimpawu evela kowesifazane, nezindawo ezingenabo nhlobo izinwele zimelwe izindlebe, ubuso, izintende nezinyawo.
Izindela ezaziwa kakhulu zaseColombia ezithi howler zivame ukuba mnyama ngombala, futhi ezinhlangothini zomzimba kunezinwele ezinde ezibomvu njengegolide ezifana nesembatho esihle. Ukuphela komsila wokubamba kuhlukaniswa ngokuba khona kocingo lwezinwele oluyehla, olusetshenziswa ngumkhongi ukubamba nokubamba ukudla. Amaphethini anephethini noma ama-combs ayingqayizivele atholakala kulo lonke ubude bomsila. Isidladla ngasinye esincelisayo sinezinzipho ezinhlanu eziqinile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izinkawu iHowler zingenye yezinkawu ezinkulu kunazo zonke eBrazil. I-primate enjalo i-acrobat enhle kakhulu, futhi isigaba somsila esithuthukile futhi esithuthukiswe kahle sisetshenziswa njalo yinkawu njenge-paw yesihlanu. Ngokwemvelo yabo, zonke izindela ezihewulayo ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezizolile ezihlala zisebenza kuphela ngezikhathi zasemini.
Imisebenzi ejwayelekile yansuku zonke ifaka phakathi ukuzungeza insimu yakho kanye nokudla. Kuphela ngokuqala kobumnyama lapho abakhulekeli bekhetha ukulala, kepha abanye besilisa, ngisho nasebusuku, abayeki ukumemeza kakhulu nangokuthusayo ngokwanele.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwesinye isikhathi imbangela yokulwa kwegazi yizimpawu zokunakwa, ezinikezwa ngabesifazane kwabobulili obuhlukile, ezaseqenjini elingumakhelwane, futhi izimpi phakathi kwabesilisa zinolaka olukhulu, futhi ophumelelayo uhlala eqeda isisulu sakhe.
Endle, ama-primates ahlangene emiphakathini eyingqayizivele yemindeni, evame ukufaka phakathi kwabantu abayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwabayishumi nesikhombisa. Ngaphakathi kweqembu ngalinye elinjalo, kuhlala kukhona owesilisa ovelele, kanye nephini lakhe nabesifazane abaningana.
Kungokubhonga okukhulu lapho owesilisa omemeza ememezela imingcele yensimu yakhe yonke, kepha ukuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwendawo kuvame ukuba imbangela yezimpi phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi. Kusezimpini ezinjalo ukuthi kufa abesilisa abaningi.
Kuhlala abangaki abakhala?
Isikhathi sokuphila semfene enomsindo kakhulu futhi ehlaba umxhwele cishe iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Indawo yokuhlala
I-howler enezinwele ezibomvu (Alouatta bеlzеbul) ifundeka kancane eBrazil, etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Amazon nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi asogwini phakathi kweSergipe neRio Grande do Norte. I-black howler (i-Alouatta caraya) itholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina, ezindaweni ezisempumalanga zeBolivia, empumalanga naseningizimu yeBrazil noma eParaguay, futhi kanye nomkhongi onsundu, lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengoluseningizimu kunabo bonke abameleli bohlobo olukhulu.
IGuyana howler (i-Alouatta macconnelli), esanda kuhlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile, itholakala eGuiana Highlands, enyakatho ye-Amazon, empumalanga yeRio Negro naseningizimu ye-Orinoco, futhi ububanzi bayo bungasondela eduze naseningizimu kusuka endaweni yase-Amazon, ezindaweni eziphakathi kwemifula iMadeira neTapajos.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-Coiba howler (i-Alouatta coibensis) imelwe yizinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi igcwele ePanama, kuyilapho iBrown Howler (Alouatta guariba) ihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingamahlathi eningizimu-mpumalanga yeBrazil, kanti futhi yenzeka nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina.
Abamele uhlobo lwe-Amazonia howler (i-Alouatta nigerrima) esikhathini esithile esedlule babebhekwa njengabangaphansi komkhongi obomvu. Bahlala ezindaweni ezihlobene enkabeni yeBrazil. IBoliviaian Howler (Alouatta sara) ihlala enyakatho nasenkabeni yeBolivia, kuze kufike emingceleni yePeru neBrazil. ICentral American Howler (Alouatta pigra) itholakala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi emvula eBelize, Mexico naseGuatemala. Umkhongi obomvu, noma obomvu (u-Alouatta seniculus) ungumhlali ojwayelekile kakhulu wezindawo ezisukela e-Amazon ziye eColombia, kusukela enkabeni yeBolivia kuye e-Ecuador.
Ukudla kwenkawu kweHowler
Ukudla okujwayelekile kwe-howler ebomvu ngamakinati, amahlamvu ezihlahla, izinhlobonhlobo zembewu, izithelo nezimbali eziningi. Umgudu wokugaya ukudla wezinyamazane ezinkulu kangaka uguqulwe kahle ekugayweni kokudla okunamafutha okuvela endaweni yesitshalo.
Yinde impela futhi ithuthukisiwe, futhi iqukethe inani elithile lamagciwane akhethekile asiza ukwamukela ukudla okuqinile. Kwesinye isikhathi izinambuzane zifakwa ekudleni kwezindela ezingama-howler.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Zonke izinkawu ezinombala obomvu zinesikhathi eside sokumitha, futhi izinga lazo lokukhiqiza lihamba kancane ngokuphawulekayo kunaleso sici sanoma yiziphi izilwane ezincelisayo zalolu sayizi. Ukubeletha kwabesifazane balezi zinhlobo kulula futhi kuyashesha, futhi phakathi namasonto amathathu okuqala, izinyane elisanda kuzalwa lilenga esiswini sikanina, ngemuva kwalokho lihambe ngokuzimela emhlane.
Kuzothakazelisa futhi:
- Izinkawu okotini
- Ama-marmosets ebhubesi
- Imfene simiri
- Isicabucabu inkawu
Amakholi ama-Black howler asho ubufebe ngokobulili, futhi amawundlu azelwe anoboya begolide obuyisici, kodwa abonakala eshintsha umbala wawo njengoba ekhula. Abesifazane bezinhlobo zeCentral American Howler bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka emine ubudala, nabesilisa cishe eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ngemuva kwalokho bavame ukushiya iqembu lomndeni, kepha abesifazane bahlala njalo ngaphakathi komndeni.
Izinkawu ezibomvu ezisabalale kakhulu zibonakala ngokungabi nesiqiniseko ngezikhathi zokuzalela, futhi abalingani balezi zinhlobo bavame ukushintsha... Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-186-194, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwe izinyane elilodwa. Umama wondla ithole lakhe kuze kube unyaka owodwa nohhafu noma iminyaka emibili, ngemuva kwalokho inyamazane esekhulile ithola ukuzimela okuphelele futhi iyazinakekela.
Izitha zemvelo
Cishe zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zezindela ezingama-howler ziyazingelwa ngenxa yenyama emnandi futhi exaka kakhulu, ebizayo. Amantshontsho wezinkawu ezinjalo ezingavamile abanjwa kakhulu ngabazingeli futhi athengiswe njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezidumile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izitha zemvelo ezivame kakhulu zezinkawu ezi-howler yi-cougar, i-ocelot, i-harpy eagle, noma i-monkey-eater, ekwaziyo ukuhlasela izinkawu ngqo emoyeni, futhi kaningi ibamba amawundlu amancane emhlane wonina.
Abantu bezilwane ezincelisayo bahlupheka kakhulu ekubhujisweni endaweni yabo yemvelo, kanti umgwaqo osebenzayo wokwakha usebenza ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo zezindela ze-howler ezifaka isandla ekuqhekekeni okusobala nokusheshayo kobubanzi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
U-Red-hand and Coiba howler unikezwe isikhundla sokuVikeleka. Izinkawu eziMnyama nezikaBrown Howler manje sezikhathaza kakhulu ngokwenani labantu. Njengamanje, i-International Conservation Union inikeze uGaian howler ne-Amazon umkhululi "Isimo Sengozi".
Umkhongi waseMelika Ephakathi uyisilwane esibulala ngokushesha, futhi izinsongo ezinkulu kulezi zinhlobo zimelelwa ukubhujiswa okusebenzayo kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuzingelwa kwabantu abaningi, kanye nokuhweba okungekho emthethweni. I-Bolivian Howler ne-Red, noma i-Red Howler inesimo Esincane Sokukhathazeka.
