Ikati TemminckEyaziwa ngokuthi "ikati lomlilo" eThailand naseBurma, futhi "njengekati lamatshe" ezingxenyeni ezithile zaseChina, liyikati elihle le-feral elilingana naphakathi. Bakha isigaba sesibili ngobukhulu samakati ase-Asia. Ububanzi bazo boboya ngombala kusuka kusinamoni kuya kumibala ehlukahlukene ensundu, kanye nampunga nomnyama (melanistic).
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Cat Temminck
Ikati laseTemminck lifana kakhulu nekati legolide lase-Afrika, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuthi zihlobene kakhulu, ngoba amahlathi ase-Afrika nase-Asia ayengaxhunywanga eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-20 edlule. Ukufana kwazo cishe kuyisibonelo sokuvela kwemvelo okuguqukayo.
Ikati laseTemminck lifana nekati laseBorneo Bay ngokubukeka nokuziphatha. Ucwaningo lwezofuzo lukhombisile ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zihlobene kakhulu. Ikati laseTemminck litholakala eSumatra naseMalaysia, ezahlukaniswa neBorneo eminyakeni engaba ngu-10 000-15,000 edlule. Lokhu kuphawula kwaholela enkolelweni yokuthi ikati laseBorneo Bay lingama-subspecies angaphandle kwekati laseTemminck.
Ividiyo: Ikati Temminck
Ukuhlaziywa kofuzo kukhombisile ukuthi ikati likaTemminck, kanye nekati laseBorneo Bay kanye nekati elinezimbila, lasuka kwamanye ama-feline cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-9.4 edlule, nokuthi ikati likaTemminck kanye nekati laseBorneo Bay lahlukanisa eminyakeni eyizigidi ezine edlule, okuphakamisa ukuthi lesi sakamuva sasiyinhlobo ehlukile kudala ngaphambi kokuhlukaniswa kweBorneo.
Ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwayo okusobala nekati elinezimbila, ibizwa ngokuthi iSeua fai ("ingwe yomlilo") kwezinye izindawo zaseThailand. Ngokwenganekwane yesifunda, ukushisa uboya bekati laseTemminck kugwema izingwe. Kukholakala ukuthi ukudla inyama kunomphumela ofanayo. Abantu baseKaren bakholelwa ukuthi kwanele ukuthwala izinwele zekati elilodwa kuphela. Abantu abaningi bomdabu bacabanga ukuthi ikati linobudlova, kepha kuyaziwa ukuthi ekuthunjweni bekuthambile futhi kuzolile.
E-China, ikati le-Temminka libhekwa njengohlobo lwengwe futhi laziwa ngokuthi "ikati lamatshe" noma "ingwe ephuzi". Izigaba zemibala ehlukene zinamagama ahlukene: amakati anoboya obumnyama abizwa ngokuthi "yingwe yezinki" kanti amakati anoboya obunamachashaza abizwa ngokuthi "izingwe zesame".
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoIkati laqanjwa ngegama lesazi sezilwane esingumDashi uCohenraad Jacob Temminck, owaqala wachaza ikati legolide lase-Afrika ngo-1827.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati Temmink
Ikati leTemminka liyikati elilinganiselwe elinemilenze emide ngokuqhathaniswa. Iyafana nekati legolide lase-Afrika (iCaracal aurata), nokho ucwaningo lwakamuva lwezofuzo lukhombisa ukuthi lihlobene kakhulu nekati leBorneo Bay (Catopuma badia) kanye nekati elinezimbila (Pardofelis marmorata).
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi kwekati laseTemminck:
- catopuma temminckii temminckii eSumatra naseNhlonhlweni yaseMalay;
- catopuma temminckii moormensis kusuka eNepal kuya enyakatho yeMyanmar, eChina, eTibet naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Ikati Temminka limangalisa nge-polymorphic ngombala walo. Umbala wejazi ovame kakhulu umbala onsundu ngegolide noma ngokubomvu, kepha futhi ungaba nsundu ngokunyama noma ngwevu imbala. Abantu ababuswa ngabalandeli bakaMelanistic babikiwe futhi bangavelela ezindaweni ezithile ebangeni lakhe.
Kukhona nefomu elinamachashazi elibizwa nge- "ocelot morph" ngenxa yama-rosette ayo afana nalawo e-ocelot. Kuze kube manje, leli fomu selibikiwe livela eChina (eSichuan naseTibet) naseBhutan. Izici ezigqame kakhulu zaleli kati yimigqa emhlophe egudle usundu omnyama iye komnyama, egijima ezihlathini, kusukela emakhaleni kuya ezihlathini, ekhoneni elingaphakathi lamehlo nokukhuphuka komqhele. Izindlebe eziyindilinga zinemihlane emnyama enendawo empunga. Isifuba, isisu nohlangothi lwangaphakathi lwemilenze kumhlophe ngamachashazi alula. Imilenze nomsila kuyimpunga kumnyama emaphethelweni e-distal. Ingxenye yokugcina yomsila imhlophe ngaphansi futhi imvamisa inethiphu eligobile phezulu. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane.
Uhlala kuphi ikati likaTemminck?
Isithombe: Cat Temminck ngokwemvelo
Ukusatshalaliswa kwekati laseTemminck kuyafana nokwengwe enamafu ezwekazini (Neofelis nebulosa), ingwe yeSund enamafu (Neofelis diardi), kanye nekati elinezimbila. Uthanda amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele, amahlathi ahlala eluhlaza ahlanganisiwe namahlathi awomile. Kutholakala ezintabeni zaseHimalaya eChina naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Uhlala naseBangladesh, eBhutan, eCambodia, eNdiya, e-Indonesia, eLao People's Democratic Republic, eMalaysia, eMyanmar, eNepal, eThailand naseVietnam. Ikati Temminka alitholakali eBorneo.
E-India, ibhaliswe kuphela ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Assam, Arunachal Pradesh naseSikkim. Izindawo zokuhlala ezivulekile ngokwengeziwe, njengezihlahlana nezindawo ezinotshani, noma izindawo ezivulekile ezinamadwala ziye zabikwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Lolu hlobo luye lwahlonzwa nangamakhamera wesicupho atholakala noma eduze namasimu kawoyela wesundu nekhofi eSumatra.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Yize amakati eTemminck ekwazi ukugibela kahle, achitha iningi lesikhathi sawo emhlabathini umsila wawo omude ugoqene esicongweni.
Ikati laseTemminck livame ukurekhodwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Kubonwe kufika ku-3,050m eSikkim, eNdiya, naseJigme Sigye Wangchuk National Park eBhutan e-3,738m endaweni yama-rhododendrons amancane nezimfunda. Irekhodi lokuphakama lika-3960 m, lapho ikati laseTemminka latholakala khona eHangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, eSikkim, eNdiya. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo kuvame kakhulu emahlathini asezindaweni eziphansi.
E-Kerinchi Seblat National Park eSumatra, yaqoshwa kuphela ngezicupho zekhamera ezindaweni eziphansi. Emahlathini asezintabeni esifundazweni esiseNtshonalanga ye-India i-Arunachal Pradesh, ikati laseTemminka alizange libanjwe ngamakhamera okugibeza, yize kwavela amakati emabula nezingwe zamafu.
Manje uyazi lapho ikati lasendle likaTemminika lihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi lidlani leli kati legolide lase-Asia.
Likudlani ikati likaTemminck?
Isithombe: Ikati lasendle Temminka
Njengamakati amaningi osayizi bawo, amakati akwaTemminck adla inyama, ajwayele ukudla inyamazane encane efana ne-Indo-Chinese ground squirrel, izinyoka ezincane kanye nezinye izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, amagundane nezidlwane ezincane. ESikkim, eNdiya, ezintabeni, bazingela nezilwane ezinkudlwana ezifana nezingulube zasendle, izinyathi zamanzi nezinyamazane ze-sambar. Lapho abantu bakhona, bazingela nezimvu nezimbuzi ezifuywayo.
Ikati likaTemminck ngokuyinhloko lingumzingeli womhlaba, yize abantu bendawo bethi naye ungumqali onekhono. Kukholakala ukuthi ikati laseTemminck lidla ikakhulukazi kumagundane amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa nokuzingela izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezincane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, izinambuzane, izinyoni, izinyoni ezifuywayo, kanye nama-ungulates amancane njenge-muntjac ne-chevroten.
Kubikwe ukuthi amakati eTemminck adla izilwane ezinkulu ezinjenge:
- ama-gorals ezintabeni zaseSikkim, e-India;
- izingulube zasendle kanye ne-sambar eNyakatho yeVietnam;
- amathole wenyathi asemancane.
Ukuhlaziywa kwama-stingray eTaman Negara National Park ePeninsula Malaysia kukhombisile ukuthi amakati nawo adla izilwane ezinjengemonkey monkey negundane. ESumatra, kuye kwaba nemibiko evela kubantu bendawo yokuthi amakati eTemminck kwesinye isikhathi azingela izinyoni.
Ekuthunjweni, amakati eTemminck ondliwa ngokudla okuhlukahlukene. Banikezwa izilwane ezinamafutha angaphansi kuka-10%, ngoba ngesamba esikhulu samafutha, izilwane ziyahlanza. Ukudla kwabo kuphinde kuthuthukiswe ngezithako ze-aluminium carbonate nama-multivitamin. “Ukudla okuphelele okufile” okwethulwe ezilwaneni kwakuyinkukhu, onogwaja, izingulube, amagundane namagundane. Kuma-zoo, amakati eTemminck athola ukudla okungu-800 kuye ku-1500 kg ngosuku.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ikati legolide iTemminka
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kwekati laseTemminck. Kwakukade kucatshangwa ukuthi ikakhulukazi kusebusuku, kodwa ubufakazi bamuva buveza ukuthi ikati lingaba ukuhwalala noma liphume kakhulu. Amakati amabili akwaTemminck anekhola lomsakazo ePhu Khieu National Park eThailand akhombise kakhulu ukuphakama kwezikhathi zasebusuku kanye nokuhwalala emsebenzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakati amaningi aseTemminck athathwa izithombe emini eKerinchi Seblat naseBukit Barisan Selatan National Parks eSumatra.
Uhla lwamakati amabili e-Temminck radar eThailand ePhu Khieu National Park lalingama-33 km² (abesifazane) nama-48 km² (owesilisa) futhi lagqagqana kakhulu. ESumatra, owesifazane onekhola yomsakazo usebenzise isikhathi sakhe esiningi ngaphandle kwendawo evikelekile emapheshaneni amancane ehlathi elisele phakathi kwamasimu ekhofi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuqokonyiswa kwamakati eTemminck kufaka hlangana ukuhayiza, ukukhafula, ukugunda, ukugoqa, ukubhonga nokuganga. Ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ezibonwa emakati e-Temminck athunjiwe zifaka phakathi ukumaka iphunga, ukufafaza umchamo, ukukhipha izihlahla nezingodo ngezinzipho, nokuhlikihla amakhanda azo ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, ezifana nokuziphatha kwekati elifuywayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ikati lekati Temminka
Akukho okuningi okwaziwayo ngokuziphatha kwaleli kati elingatholakali kalula endle. Iningi lalokho okwaziwayo likhishwe kumakati athunjiwe. Amakati esifazane aseTemminck avuthwa phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-18 nengama-24, nabesilisa abanezinyanga ezingama-24. Izinsikazi zingena e-estrus njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-39, ngemuva kwalokho zishiya amamaki bese zifuna ukuxhumana nenduna ngendlela ezamukelayo. Ngesikhathi sokuya ocansini, owesilisa uzobamba intamo yowesifazane ngamazinyo akhe.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokumitha izinsuku ezingama-78 kuya kwezingama-80, insikazi izala udoti wekati elilodwa kuya kwamathathu endaweni evikelekile. AmaKati anesisindo esiphakathi kuka-220 no-250 amagremu lapho ezalwa, kepha aphinda kathathu ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila. Ayazalwa, asephethe iphethini yejazi elidala, futhi avule amehlo awo ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Ekuthunjweni baphila iminyaka engamashumi amabili.
Ikati likaTemminck eWashington Park Zoo (manje eyi-Oregon Zoo) likhombise ukwanda okumangazayo kokuvama kwephunga ngesikhathi se-estrus. Ngasikhathi sinye, wayevame ukugcoba intamo nekhanda lakhe ngezinto ezingaphili. Uphinde waya ephindelela owesilisa esehokweni, wamhlikihla futhi wacabanga ukuma phambi kwakhe (Lordosis). Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa wandisa ijubane lephunga, kanye nobuningi bendlela yakhe yokulandela nokulandela owesifazane. Ukuziphatha okuphezulu kowesilisa kufaka phakathi ukulunywa yi-occiput, kepha ngokungafani namanye ama-fining amancane, ukulunywa akuzange kuqiniswe.
Umbhangqwana eWashington Park Zoo wakhiqiza amalitha ayi-10, ngalinye lawo lalinekati elilodwa; amalitha amabili ekati elilodwa, ngalinye lazalelwa eWassenaar Zoo eNetherlands, ikati elilodwa labhaliswa komunye udoti. Ama-litter amabili amazinyane amabili azalelwa endaweni ezimele yokuzalanisa ikati eCalifornia, kepha akekho noyedwa osindile.
Izitha zemvelo zamakati eTemminck
Isithombe: Ikati eliyingozi Temminka
Kukhona ukuntuleka okujwayelekile kwemininingwane ngamanani ekati laseTemminck nesimo sawo, kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuqwashisa umphakathi. Kodwa-ke, usongo olukhulu ekatini laseTemminck kubonakala njengokulahleka kwendawo nokuguqulwa ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezifudumele. Amahlathi aseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia abhekene namazinga okugawulwa kwamahlathi ashesha kunazo zonke esifundeni, ngenxa yokwanda kwamafutha esundu, ikhofi, i-acacia kanye namasimu enjoloba.
Ikati likaTemminck lisongelwa nokuzingelwa kwesikhumba namathambo alo, okusetshenziswa emithini yesintu, kanye nasenyameni, okubhekwa njengesibiliboco kwezinye izindawo. Kwezinye izifunda, abantu bathola ukuthi ukudla inyama yekati leTemminck kukhulisa amandla namandla. Ukuzingelwa ngokungemthetho kwalolu hlobo kukholakala ukuthi kuyanda ezindaweni eziningi.
Ukuhweba ngoboya bekati kuye kwabonwa emngceleni ophakathi kweMyanmar neThailand naseSumatra, nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya. Eningizimu yeChina, amakati aseTemminck sekuyinto efunwa kakhulu ngenxa yale njongo, njengoba ukwehla okuphawulekayo kubantu bezingwe nengwe kugudlise ukugxila ezinhlotsheni ezincane zezilwane. Abantu bendawo balandela amakati kaTemminck futhi babeke izicupho noma basebenzise izinja zokuzingela ukuzithola nokuzikona.
Lezi zinhlobo zisongelwa nokudoba ngokungakhethi kanye nokwehla kwesibalo sezilwane ezidliwayo ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu yokuzingela. Abantu bendawo balandela imikhondo yamakati egolide futhi babeke izingibe noma basebenzise izinja zokuzingela ukuthola nokubeka ikati legolide lase-Asia. Lezi zinhlobo zisongelwa nokudoba ngokungakhethi kanye nokwehla kwesibalo sezilwane ezidliwayo ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu yokuzingela. Abantu bendawo balandela imikhondo yamakati egolide futhi babeke izingibe noma basebenzise izinja zokuzingela ukuthola nokubeka ikati legolide lase-Asia.
Ikati legolide lase-Asia nalo liyabulawa liziphindiselela ngokucekelwa phansi kwemfuyo. Ucwaningo olwenziwe emadolobhaneni azungeze iBukit Barisan Selatan National Park eSumatra lwathola ukuthi ikati lakwaTemminka ngezikhathi ezithile lalizingela izinkukhu futhi lalivame ukuhlukunyezwa ngenxa yalokho.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ikati iTemminka
Ikati le-Temminck lifakwe ohlwini olusengozini enkulu, kepha kunolwazi oluncane oluthile mayelana nezinhlobo ezitholakalayo ngakho-ke isimo salo sabantu asaziwa kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo zobubanzi bayo, lokhu kubonakala kungajwayelekile. Leli kati lalingavamisile ukubikwa eningizimu yeChina, kanti ikati laseTemminck kwakucatshangwa ukuthi alivamile ukwedlula leli lengwe kanye nekati lezingwe esifundeni.
Ikati laseTemminck alitholakali kakhulu empumalanga yeCambodia, iLaos neVietnam. Okungenayo kwakamuva okuvela eVietnam kusuka ngo-2005, nasezifundazweni zaseChina iYunnan, iSichuan, iGuangxi kanye neJiangxi, lolu hlobo lwatholakala kathathu kuphela ngesikhathi kwenziwa ucwaningo olunzulu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izindawo, kubonakala sengathi kungenye yezinhlamvu ezincane ezivame kakhulu. Ucwaningo olwenziwe eLaos, Thailand naseSumatra lukhombisile ukuthi ikati laseTemminck livame kakhulu kunezilwane ezinomusa ezifana nekati elinezimbila kanye nengwe enamafu amakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinhlobo kunomkhawulo futhi kuyimfucuza eBangladesh, eNdiya naseNepal. EBhutan, e-Indonesia, eMalaysia, eMyanmar naseThailand, kwande kakhulu. Kukonke, inani lamakati eTemminck kukholakala ukuthi lincipha kulo lonke uhla lwawo ngenxa yokulahleka okukhulu kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokuzingela ngokungemthetho okuqhubekayo.
Ukuqapha amakati Temminck
Isithombe: Cat Temminck ovela eRed Book
Ikati iTemminka libhalwe kuRed Book futhi lifakwe ku-Isithasiselo I se-CITES futhi livikelwe ngokuphelele ebangeni lalo eliningi. Ukuzingela kuvinjelwe ngokusemthethweni eBangladesh, eCambodia, eChina, eNdiya, e-Indonesia, ePeninsular Malaysia, eMyanmar, eNepal, eThailand naseVietnam, futhi kulawulwa eLao People's Democratic Republic. Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezivikelekile eBhutan, akukho ukuvikelwa okungokomthetho kwamakati eTemminck.
Ngenxa yokuzingelwa nokuzingelwa kwamakati, uTemminck uyaqhubeka nokwehla. Yize bevikelwe, kusenokuhweba ngezikhumba namathambo ala makati. Ukulawulwa okuqinile nokuqiniswa kwemithetho kazwelonke neyamazwe omhlaba kuyadingeka. Ukongiwa kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaphaseji endawo nakho kubalulekile ukuvikela izinhlobo zezilwane.
Abathathwa njengengozi okwamanje, kepha basondelene kakhulu nayo. Amanye amakati eTemminck ahlala ekuthunjweni. Kubukeka sengathi abakhuli endaweni enjalo, yingakho bevame ukushiywa endle. Imizamo yokonga imvelo yabo yemvelo nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ukukholwa kwabantu baseThailand nakho kungenza kube nzima ukongiwa kwemvelo. Bakholelwa ukuthi ngokushisa uboya bekati laseTemminck noma ngokudla inyama yalo, bazoba nethuba lokuzihlukanisa nezingwe.
Ikati Temminck Ikati lasendle elihlala e-Asia nase-Afrika. Ngeshwa, inani labo labantu lihlukaniswa njengezisengozini noma ezisengozini. Bacishe babe kabili noma kathathu ubukhulu bekati elifuywayo.Yize uboya babo buvame ukuba nsundu ngokubomvu kwegolide noma ngokubomvu, ijazi liza ngemibala namaphethini ahlukahlukene amangalisayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 31.10.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 02.09.2019 ngo-20: 50
