Isinambuzane esincane esivela ku-Hymenoptera - intuthwane, siwuphawu lomsebenzi onzima. Ikhono layo lokuhambisa imithwalo izikhathi eziningana isisindo salo lihlukile. Ezinye izinhlobo azinabungozi ngokuphelele, kepha kukhona lezo eziyingozi empilweni yezilwane nabantu.
Incazelo nezici zentuthwane yomlilo
Ukuvezwa ngokushesha kokungezwani komzimba yinto encane eyenzeka lapho ukulunywa intuthwane yomlilo, abantu abafayo bayaziwa. Lesi sinambuzane sathola igama laso ngenxa yobuthi obune-alkaloid solenopsin, ekhishwa lapho ilunywa.
Ithinta izinto ezinjengomlilo. Akunabungozi kangako iqiniso lokuthi lithathelwe kahle kakhulu ezimweni ezintsha ngokubhujiswa kwama-biocenoses akhona. Idlozi ngokwalo lidabuka eBrazil, kodwa selivele lisabalale ngemizila yolwandle liya eChina, e-Australia, eNew Zealand, e-USA nasePhilippines.
Kubukeka kusabeka isithombe sezintuthwane zomlilo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, lezi yizidalwa ezincane ezinezinsiza ezakhiwe kahle ze-locomotor. Banemilenze eyisithupha eqinile ngokungavamile.
Umzimba usuka ku-2 kuye ku-6 ml, ubude buya ngendawo yokuhlala kwalesi sinambuzane. Esiqhingini esisodwa, kokubili imvuthu kanye "nemidondoshiya" zihlala ndawonye. Umzimba wabo unezingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda, isifuba, isisu.
Azibomvu nje kuphela, kunombala onsundu noma obomvu. Umbala wesisu uhlala umnyama njalo. Lezi zinambuzane zibizwa esidlangalaleni ngenxa yesikhundla esivele sikhona:
- abesifazane - ngamaphiko ane-veined, ama-geniculate antennae afinyelela kuma-12 pcs .;
- abesilisa nabo banamaphiko, benamadevu angafika kwayi-13;
- abasebenzi - ngaphandle kwabo, basebenza kuze kube ngama-PC ayi-12.
Bonke banamadevu amade amakhulu - i-scape. Udosi lufihlwe esiswini, kepha kukhona ama-subspecies anenaliti eveziwe.
Indlela yokuphila yezintuthwane zomlilo nendawo yokuhlala
Indawo efudumele izoba yindawo enhle umthombo wezintuthwane zomlilo. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezifanele zesimo sezulu eduze nomhlaba wezolimo, kepha bangahlala endaweni yokuhlala yabantu uqobo.
Njengabantu bezenhlalo, bakhona futhi bazingela ndawonye. Okokuqala, basakazeka ngemilenze emzimbeni wesisulu, bambe esikhunjeni, bese ngosizo lwe-sting, kufakwa ingxenye ebonakalayo ye-solenopsin.
Ngokuya ngomthamo, isisulu sithola ubuhlungu obungabekezeleleki kanye nesilonda esifana nokushisa okushisayo, noma sife ngokuphelele. Ngokuphila okunokuthula ngaphakathi kwendlwana, ukulandelwa okusobala kwemithwalo yemfanelo kungalandelelwa, othile akha, avikele, ancelise inzalo, ubhekele amalungiselelo.
Emazweni ezihlala kuwo, kuchithwa imali eningi ekwelapheni umhlaba, ukulawulwa kwezilwane nokwelashwa kwemiphumela yokulunywa ukuqeda izintuthwane.
Bazama ukuqeda izidleke ngokumba imithombo, kepha abesifazane abahlakaniphile bacasha ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba, ezifika ku-1 m ukujula, bese beqala kabusha ukuhlala. Kunezimo lapho abantu basuswa lapho bahlala khona, futhi izintuthwane zomlilo ezibomvu wasala.
Ukudla kwentuthwane yomlilo
Kubukeka kungajwayelekile, kepha kukhona okuthile okuwusizo okuvela kulezi zilwane eziyingozi. Badla izinambuzane zezitshalo zezolimo:
- okusanhlamvu nemidumba;
- irayisi;
- umoba, njll.
Kepha ukulimala kukhulu kakhulu. Kusuka ku- izintuthwane zomlilo ama-amphibian amancane athinteka kakhulu, okumele aguqule i-morphology yawo, indlela aziphatha ngayo kanye nokuntuleka kwamaqanda abekelwe.
Izinambuzane azizwani "nezihlobo" zazo, uhlobo lwazo, zincintisana ngokudla. Akuzona izidlo ezidla inyama kuphela kepha futhi ziyizilwane ezidla izilwane ezidla inyama. Vuliwe isithombe umlilo intuthwane cishe njalo kukhonjiswa ethwele okuthile emhlane ukwakhiwa noma ukudla:
- amahlumela, iziqu zezitshalo;
- izimbungulu ezahlukene, amacimbi;
- izibungu;
- ezihuquzelayo.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yedlozi lomlilo
Indlela yokuzalanisa ukuwa kwentuthwane yomlilo ososayensi abakaze bafunde ngokugcwele, abakafakazelwa. Phambilini, bekukholelwa ukuthi phakathi kwezinambuzane, ama-honeybee drones kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile azala ngokuhlangana.
Kepha abesifazane nabesilisa balezi zinhlobo bayakwazi ukukhiqiza amakhophi wabo wofuzo, akhombisa ukwehlukaniswa kwamachibi ezakhi zofuzo. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka kuphela ukuthola abantu abasebenzayo abangakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo.
Ngaphandle kokuxabana kwayo nezinye izinhlobo, isayensi iyawazi amaqiniso wokuwela nezinye izintuthwane ezihlobene kakhulu, nokwakheka okulandelayo kwenzalo.
Izintokazi eziningi eziyizindlovukazi zihlala endulini, ngakho-ke akukho ukusweleka kwabasebenzi. Izibungu zingabonakala ngesonto elilodwa ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-0.5 mm ububanzi. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, ukukhula kwabo kuyama, bese kutholwa isikhukhukazi.
Enganeni esanda kuzalwa, ezingeni lofuzo, umbono wephunga lomzali wayo ubekiwe. Isikhathi sayo sokuphila sisukela eminyakeni emithathu noma ngaphezulu, phakathi naleso sikhathi umuntu oyedwa angakhiqiza izintuthwane ezifika kwengxenye yesigidi. Isikhathi sokuphila sabanye sincike ku:
- izimo zezulu, lapho kufudumele khona, lapho zinde;
- isimo, ama-workhorses nabesilisa baphila izinsuku ezimbalwa, izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuze kufike eminyakeni engama-2;
- izinhlobo zezinambuzane.
