Esinye sezicabucabu eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wethu isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo, noma njengoba yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "ubhanana" ngothando lwalezi zithelo, nangalokho okuhlala ezintendeni zobhanana. Lolu hlobo lunolaka kakhulu futhi luyingozi kubantu. Ubuthi besilwane bukhulu kakhulu, ngoba buqukethe i-neurotoxin PhTx3 ngemithamo emikhulu.
Ngamanani amancane, le nto iyasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, kepha ekugxileni okuphezulu kwalesi sidakamizwa kubangela ukulahleka kokulawulwa kwemisipha nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungahlangani nalolu hlobo, futhi uma ulubona, ungaluthinti eduze bese ushesha ukushiya.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo
I-Phoneutria fera, noma isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil, singaphansi kohlobo lweCtenidae (abagijimi). Lezi zinhlobo zatholwa yisazi semvelo esidumile saseBavaria uMaximilian Perti. Wanikela iminyaka eminingi ekutadisheni lezi zigcawu. Igama lale nhlobo lithathwe ku-Greek φονεύτρια leli gama lisho "umbulali". Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu lwaba negama lalo ngenxa yengozi yalo yokufa.
Ividiyo: I-Brazilian Wandering Spider
UMaximilan Perti uhlanganise izinhlobo eziningana u-P. rufibarbis no-P. fera zibe luhlobo olulodwa. Izinhlobo zokuqala zihluke kancane kwabamele lolu hlobo lohlobo oluthile, futhi ngummeleli wazo ongabazisayo.
Izinhlobo eziningana zalolu hlobo:
- I-Phoneutria bahiensis Simó Brescovit, ivulwe ngo-2001. Uhlala eBrazil naseMelika ikakhulu emahlathini nasemapaki;
- I-Phoneutria eickstedtae Martins Bertani yatholwa ngo-2007, indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo nayo ingamahlathi afudumele aseBrazil;
- I-Phoneutria nigriventer yathola emuva ngonyaka we-1987 ihlala eBrazil, naseNyakatho ye-Argentina; UFoneutria reidyi uhlala eVenezuela, eGuyana, emahlathini afudumele nasemapaki asePeru;
- IFoneutria pertyi etholwe ngonyaka ofanayo, ihlala emahlathini emvula aseBrazil;
- I-Phoneutria boliviensis Habitat Central kanye neNingizimu Melika;
- U-P.fera uhlala ikakhulukazi e-Amazon, e-Ecuador, nasemahlathini asePeru;
- P.keyserling itholakala eningizimu yeBrazil.
Njengazo zonke izicabucabu, ingeyohlobo lwe-arthropod arachnids. Umndeni: ICtenidae Genus: Phoneutria.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Isicabucabu saseBrazil Esizulazulayo esinobuthi
Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo siyisilwane esikhulukazi se-arthropod. Ubude, umuntu omdala ufinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-16. Kulokhu, umzimba we-arthropod ungamasentimitha ayi-7. Ibanga ukusuka ekuqaleni kwemilenze yangaphambili kuya ekugcineni kwemilenze yangemuva lingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-17. Umbala walolu hlobo lwesicabucabu uhlukile kancane, kodwa ezimweni eziningi unombala onsundu. Yize kukhona nezicabucabu ezinombala ophuzi nobomvu. Umzimba wonke wesicabucabu umbozwe ngoboya obuhle, obukhulu
Umzimba wesicabucabu uhlukaniswe waba yi-cephalothorax nesisu esixhunywe ngebhuloho. Inemilenze eyi-8 eqinile futhi emide, engeyona eyokuhamba kuphela, kepha futhi esebenza njengezinsimbi zephunga nokuthinta. Imilenze ivame ukuba nemivimbo namabala amnyama. Imilenze yesicabucabu sale nhlobo inkulu impela, futhi ibukeka njengamazipho. Kunamehlo angaba ngu-8 ekhanda lesicabucabu, anikeza isicabucabu ngombono obanzi.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Isicabucabu sikabhanana, yize sinamehlo amaningi futhi sikwazi ukubona nxazonke, asiboni kahle. Uphendula kakhulu ekunyakazeni nasezintweni, ahlukanise okungafani kwezinto, kepha akaziboni.
Futhi, lapho uhlola isicabucabu, umuntu angabona ukuthi ukuhlafuna, kubonakala ikakhulukazi lapho kuhlaselwa. Lapho sihlasela, isicabucabu sikhombisa ingxenye engezansi yomzimba waso lapho kubonakala khona izindawo ezikhanyayo zokwethusa izitha.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo?
Isithombe: I-Dangerous Brazilian Wandering Spider
Indawo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo yiMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa lezi zithambo zitholakala emahlathini ashisayo aseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Lezi zinhlobo zingatholakala naseBrazil nasenyakatho ye-Argentina, eVenezuela, ePeru naseHavana.
Izicabucabu ziyi-thermophilic; izindawo ezishisayo namahlathi kubhekwa njengendawo yokuhlala eyinhloko yalezi zinambuzane. Lapho zibekwa eziqongweni zezihlahla. Izicabucabu azizakheli ukubalekela nokumba phansi, zihlala zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye zifuna ukudla.
EBrazil, izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zihlala yonke indawo ngaphandle, mhlawumbe, kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. Kokubili eBrazil naseMelika, izicabucabu zingangena ezindlini, ezethusa kakhulu abantu bendawo.
Bathanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesifudumele. Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo azihlali eRussia ngenxa yesici sezulu. Kodwa-ke, zingatholakala ngephutha zilethwe emazweni afudumele emabhokisini anezithelo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, noma ngabathandi besicabucabu ukuze bazalele e-terrarium.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lesi silwane esiyingozi siya ngokuya sigcinwa ekhaya njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ekhaya, bangaphila emhlabeni wonke, kepha akunconywa ukuqala ngenxa yengozi enkulu yalolu hlobo. Izicabucabu nazo azihlali kahle ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke udinga ukucabangisisa ngaphambi kokuqala isilwane esinjalo.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo sidlani?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazula eMelika
Ukudla kwalolu hlobo lwesicabucabu kufaka:
- izinambuzane ezincane ezahlukahlukene nezibungu zazo;
- iminenke;
- amakhilikithi;
- izicabucabu ezincane;
- amacimbi amancane;
- izinyoka nezibankwa;
- izithelo ezahlukahlukene nezithelo zezihlahla.
Futhi, isicabucabu asikuphikisi ukudla izinyoni ezincane namazinyane azo, amagundane amancane njengamagundane, amagundane, ama-hamsters. Isicabucabu esizulazulayo siyisilwane esiyingozi. Ulalela isisulu sakhe ecashile, futhi wenza konke ukuze isisulu singamqapheli. Lapho ubona isisulu, isicabucabu sikhuphuka ngemilenze yaso yangemuva. Iphakamisa izitho zangaphambili, bese ubeka eziphakathi eceleni. Yile ndlela isicabucabu esibukeka ngayo isabisa kakhulu, futhi kusuka kulesi sikhundla sihlasela isisulu saso.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isicabucabu esizulazulayo sijova ushevu namathe aso esiswini saso ngenkathi sizingela. Isenzo sikashevu simkhubaza ngokuphelele isisulu. Ubuthi buvimba umsebenzi wemisipha, buyeke ukuphefumula nenhliziyo. Amathe esicabucabu aguqula ingaphakathi lesisulu libe yinsambatheka, bese isiphuzwa yisicabucabu.
Ezilwaneni ezincane, amaxoxo namagundane, ukufa kwenzeka ngokushesha. Izinyoka nezilwane ezinkulu zihlupheka cishe imizuzu eyi-10-15. Akusenakwenzeka ukusindisa isisulu ngemuva kokulunywa yisicabucabu, ukufa kuleli cala sekuvele kungenakugwenywa. Isicabucabu sikabhanana sihamba sizingela ebusuku, emini sicasha elangeni ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ezihlahleni, emifantwini naphansi kwamatshe. Ukucasha emihumeni emnyama.
Isicabucabu sebhanana singasonga isisulu saso esibulewe ngoqweqwe lomhlanga, sisishiyele kamuva. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izicabucabu zingacasha emaqabungeni ezihlahla ukuze zingabonakali kongazingelwanga.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo
Izicabucabu zaseBrazil ezizulazulayo zodwa. Lezi zigcawu zinokuthula, zihlasela kuqala kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzingela. Izicabucabu azihlaseli izilwane ezinkulu nabantu uma zizizwa ziphephile. I-Phoneutria ayakhi izindlu, izindawo zokukhosela, noma izindawo zokukhosela. Zihlala zihamba zisuka kwenye indawo ziye kwenye. Zizingela ebusuku, ziyaphumula emini.
Izicabucabu zikabhanana zinolaka ezihlotsheni zazo. Amacala okudla abantu avamile. Izicabucabu ezincane zidliwa ngabantu abadala, insikazi iyakwazi ukudla owesilisa ngemuva kokukhwelana naye. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezidla ezinye, zingahlasela noma isiphi isitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kaningi angahlula noma isisulu esikhulu ngenxa yobuthi obubulalayo.
Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zinolaka kakhulu. Bayayigcina ngentshiseko indawo yabo, abesilisa bangalwela ngisho insimu kanye nabesifazane bodwa. Ekuthunjweni, izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zizizwa kabi, zibhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, ziphila ngaphansi kwezihlobo zazo ezihlala endle.
Izicabucabu ezizulazulayo zaseBrazil zigijima ngejubane elikhulu, zikhuphuka izihlahla futhi zihlala zihamba. Umsebenzi omkhulu walezi zigcawu ukuluka iwebhu. Futhi ngokungafani nezicabucabu ezijwayelekile, lolu hlobo alusebenzisi ubulembu njengogibe, kepha ukuze lusonge isisulu esivele selubanjiwe, luzalele amaqanda ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.
Iwebhu nayo isetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngokushesha ezihlahleni. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu luhlasela abantu ngenhloso yokuzivikela kuphela. Kodwa ukulunywa yisicabucabu kuyabulala, ngakho-ke uma uthola isicabucabu, ungasithinti, bese uzama ukusithwala usisuse ekhaya lakho.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isicabucabu saseBrazil Esizulazulayo esinobuthi
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, izicabucabu zaseBrazil zihlala zodwa, futhi zihlangana nowesifazane kuphela ngokuzala. Owesilisa unikeza ukudla kwabesifazane, emjabulisa ngalokhu. Ngendlela, lokhu futhi kuyadingeka ukuze aphile futhi owesifazane angamudli. Uma insikazi inokudla okwanele, ingahle ingafuni ukudla iduna, futhi lokhu kuzosindisa impilo yayo.
Lapho inqubo yokukhulelwa iphela, owesilisa uyasuswa ngokushesha ukuze owesifazane angamudli. Esikhathini esithile ngemuva kokukhulelwa, isicabucabu sowesifazane siluka umfece okhethekile ovela kuwebhu, lapho ubeka khona amaqanda, kwesinye isikhathi amaqanda abekwa nakubhanana namaqabunga. Kepha lokhu kwenzeka ngokungavamile, kaningi ngokufanayo, insikazi, ekunakekeleni inzalo, ifihla amaqanda ayo kuwebhu.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20-25, izicabucabu zezingane zichanyuselwa kula maqanda. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, zisakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile. Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zizala ngokushesha okukhulu, njengoba kudoti owodwa kuzalwa izicabucabu ezingamakhulu amaningana. Izicabucabu ezindala zihlala iminyaka emithathu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwazo zingaletha inzalo enkulu impela. Umama nobaba kababambiqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane.
Amantshontsho akhula ngokuzimela adla izibungu ezincane, izikelemu kanye nezibungu. Izicabucabu zingazingela ngokushesha ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwabo, izicabucabu ziyachitheka futhi zilahlekelwe ama-exoskeleton amahlandla amaningi. Isicabucabu sikhipha amahlandla ayisithupha kuye kwayishumi ngonyaka. Abantu abadala bachitha kancane. Ukwakheka kwesihlungu sesicabucabu nakho kuyashintsha ngenkathi kukhula i-arthropod. Kuzicabucabu ezincane, ubuthi abuyingozi kangako; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukwakheka kwayo kuyashintsha, futhi ubuthi buba yingozi.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo
Isithombe: Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo kubhanana
Izicabucabu zalolu hlobo zinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, kepha zisekhona. Lo mnyovu obizwa ngokuthi "iTarantula Hawk" ungomunye weminyovu emikhulu emhlabeni wethu. Lesi yisinambuzane esiyingozi futhi esesabekayo.
Iminyovu yabesifazane yalolu hlobo iyakwazi ukuhlaba isicabucabu saseBrazil, ubuthi buyikhubaza ngokuphelele i-arthropod. Ngemuva kwalokho, umnyovu udonsela isicabucabu emgodini waso. Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi umnyovu awudingi isicabucabu hhayi ukudla, kepha ukunakekela inzalo. Umnyovu wesifazane ubeka iqanda esiswini sesicabucabu esikhubazekile, emva kwesikhashana ithole liqhamuka kuso, bese lidla isisu sesicabucabu. Isicabucabu siyafa kabuhlungu ngenxa yokuthi sidliwa ngaphakathi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo zisebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge- "dry bite", kuyilapho ubuthi bungafakwa, kanti ukuluma okunjalo kuphephile.
Izinyoni nezinye izilwane endaweni yazo yemvelo ziyazigwema, zazi ukuthi ziyingozi kangakanani lezi zicabu. Ngenxa yobuthi bazo, izicabucabu zaseBrazil zinezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, izicabucabu zalolu hlobo azihlaseli zodwa, ngaphambi kwempi zixwayisa isitha sazo ngokuhlaselwa ngesimo sazo, futhi uma isitha sihlehla, isicabucabu ngeke simhlasele uma sizizwa siphephile futhi sinqume ukuthi akukho lutho olusongelayo.
Ukufa okuvela kwezinye izilwane, izicabucabu zithola kaningi ngesikhathi sokulwa nezilwane ezinkulu, noma ngenkathi zilwa nezihlobo zazo. Abesilisa abaningi bafa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane bayabadla.
Abantu futhi bayingozi kwizicabucabu, bavame ukuzingelwa ukuze bathole ubuthi babo. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ushevu ngamanani amancane usetshenziswa njengendlela yokubuyisa amandla emadodeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bagawula amahlathi okuhlala kuwo izicabucabu, ngakho-ke inani labantu bohlobo oluthile lwalesi sakhi lisengcupheni yokuqothulwa.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-Dangerous Brazilian Wandering Spider
Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo sisohlwini lweGuinness Book of Records njengesicabucabu esiyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu luyingozi kakhulu kubantu, ngaphezu kwalokho, kwesinye isikhathi izicabucabu zingena emizini yabantu. Izinambuzane zivame ukungena endlini ngamabhokisi ezithelo noma zimane zikhase ukucasha ekushiseni kwasemini. Lapho zilunywa, lezi zigcawu zijova into eyingozi ebizwa nge-neurotoxin PhTx3. Ivimba imisipha ekusebenzeni. Ukuphefumula kwehlisa ijubane futhi kuyeke, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo kuvinjiwe. Umuntu uyagula ngokushesha.
Ngemuva kokulunywa, ubuthi obuyingozi bungena masinyane egazini, ama-lymph node. Igazi liyithwala emzimbeni wonke. Umuntu uqala ukuminyaniswa, kuvele isiyezi nokuhlanza. Ukudlikizela. Ukufa kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa. Ukulunywa kwezicabucabu zaseBrazil ezulazulayo kuyingozi ikakhulukazi ezinganeni nakubantu abanokuzivikela okuncane. Lapho isicabucabu esizulazulayo saseBrazil siluma, kuyadingeka ukwethula ikhambi ngokushesha, kepha akusizi ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Inani labantu balolu hlobo lwesicabucabu alikho engozini. Ziyanda ngokushesha, zisinda ekuguqulweni kahle kwemvelo yangaphandle. Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zalolu hlobo, zihlala futhi zande ngokuthula, zigcwala emahlathini nasehlathini laseBrazil, eMelika nasePeru. I-Phoneutria fera ne-Phoneutria nigriventer yizinhlobo ezimbili eziyingozi kakhulu. Ubuthi babo buyingozi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokulunywa kwabo, izimo ezibuhlungu ziyabonakala kusisulu sabo ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-serotonin. Ukulunywa kubangela ukusangana, ukuphelelwa umoya, i-delirium.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ubuthi balesi spider bungabulala ingane ngemizuzu eyi-10 nje. Umuntu omdala, ngokuya ngesimo sempilo, angahlala kusuka emizuzwini engama-20 kuye emahoreni amaningana. Izimpawu zivela ngokushesha futhi zikhula ngokushesha. Ukufa kwenzeka ngokushesha ngenxa yokuphelelwa umoya.
Ngakho-ke, lapho uvakashela amazwe ashisayo, qaphela kakhulu, lapho ubona le arthropod, noma kunjalo, ungasondeli kuyo futhi ungayithinti ngezandla zakho. Izicabucabu zaseBrazil azihlaseli abantu, kepha lapho ziqaphele ubungozi nokusindisa, zingaluma impilo yazo. EMelika, kunezigameko eziningi zokulunywa ngabantu yizicabucabu zaseBrazil, futhi ngeshwa ezimweni ezingama-60%, ukulunywa kwabulala. Kwezokwelapha zesimanje kukhona ikhambi eliphumelelayo, kepha ngeshwa, hhayi njalo udokotela angaba ngesikhathi sokubona isiguli. Izingane ezincane zithinteka ikakhulu ekulunyweni yilezi zingqungqulu, futhi ziyingozi kakhulu kuzo. Imvamisa izingane azinakusindiswa ngemuva kokulunywa yisicabucabu esizulazulayo.
Isicabucabu saseBrazil esizulazulayo isilwane esiyingozi kodwa esizolile. Izala ngokushesha, iphila cishe iminyaka emithathu futhi iyakwazi ukuzala amakhulukhulu angamakhulu amaningana esikhathini sokuphila kwayo. Ngenkathi zihlala endaweni yazo yemvelo, zizingela ukudla. Izicabucabu ezisencane aziyona ingozi kakhulu, kepha abantu abadala, ngenxa yobuthi, bayabulala abantu. Ubungozi bukashevu buncike ebuningini babo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, bayanda abantu abagcina lezi zigcawu eziyingozi emakhaya ezindaweni ezingazibeki engozini kanye nabathandekayo babo. Lezi zigcawu ziyingozi, khumbula lokhu futhi uzigweme kangcono.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 06/27/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/23/2019 ngo-21: 52
